A Hierarchical Text Rating System for Objectionable Documents

Jeong, Chi-Yoon,Han, Seung-Wan,Nam, Taek-Yong Korea Information Processing Society 2005 Journal of information processing systems Vol.1 No.1

In this paper, we classified the objectionable texts into four rates according to their harmfulness and proposed the hierarchical text rating system for objectionable documents. Since the documents in the same category have similarities in used words, expressions and structure of the document, the text rating system, which uses a single classification model, has low accuracy. To solve this problem, we separate objectionable documents into several subsets by using their properties, and then classify the subsets hierarchically. The proposed system consists of three layers. In each layer, we select features using the chi-square statistics, and then the weight of the features, which is calculated by using the TF-IDF weighting scheme, is used as an input of the non-linear SVM classifier. By means of a hierarchical scheme using the different features and the different number of features in each layer, we can characterize the objectionability of documents more effectively and expect to improve the performance of the rating system. We compared the performance of the proposed system and performance of several text rating systems and experimental results show that the proposed system can archive an excellent classification performance.

악하선 암의 치료성적과 예후인자

임치영(Chi Young Lim),남기현(Kee Hyun Nam),이잔디(Jan Dee Lee),장항석(Hang Seok Chang),정웅윤(Woong Youn Chung),차인호(In Ho Cha),이창걸(Chang Geol Lee),최은창(Eun Chan Choi),박정수(Cheong Soo Park) 대한두경부종양학회 2005 대한두경부 종양학회지 Vol.21 No.2

Purpose: Submandibular gland tumor is rare, less than 6% of head and neck tumor. The purpose of this article is to analysis the clinical experience and treatment outcomes of malignant submandibular gland tumor, suggesting a guideline of management. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 26 patients who underwent operation for malignant submandibular gland tumor at Severence hospital between 1986 and 2004. Statistical analysis was performed by Kaplan-Meier method, log rank test, Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test using SPSS v12.0 for Windows. Results: They consisted of 18 males and 8 females whose median age was 47 years(range: 20-71). 10 cases of adenocystic carcinoma, 8 cases of carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma, 4 cases of mucoepidermoid carcinoma, 1 case each for acinic cell carcinoma, undifferentiated carcinoma, adeno carcinoma, epithelioid hemangioendothelioma. Sialoadenectomy only was performed in 10 cases(36.5%) and sialoadenectomy with neck node dissection was performed in 16 cases(63.5%). Adjuvant radiotherapy was done in 22 cases(84.6%). 10 year disease free survival rate for malignant submandibular gland tumor was 63.1 % and 10 year overall survival rate for malignant submandibular gland tumor was 70.1%. In univariate analysis, prognostic factors affecting recurrence of malignant submandibular gland tumor was initially papable lateral neck node in physical examination and metastasis of lateral neck node in pathologic confirmation. The prognostic factors affecting survival of malignant submandibular gland tumor was tumor size, TNM stage, recurrence and type of recurrence. Conclusion: In this study, prognostic factors affecting recurrence of malignant submandibular gland tumor was initially papable lateral neck node in physical examination and metastasis of lateral neck node in pathologic confirmation. The prognostic factors affecting survival of malignant submandibular gland tumor was tumor size, TNM stage, recurrence and type of recurrence. To prevent recurrence and to improve survival, early diagnosis and aggressive surgery must be considered.

도재소부용 저금함유금합금에서 열처리에 따른 Sn의 영향

남상용,김치영,조현설 대구보건대학 1999 대구보건대학 論文集 Vol.19 No.-

This study was carried out by oberserving to compositions of oxide on the surface of dental porcelain low gold alloy with various Indium addtions according to the degassing and analysing the change composition of additional elements Sn on diffusion behaviors of porcelain-metal surfaces. The specimens used were Au-Pd-Ag alloys by small Tin addition. These specimens were treated for 10min at 1000℃ in vacuum condition. To investigate the micrstructure of oxidized alloy surface, SEM and EDAX were used and EPMA were used to investigate the diffusion behaviors of porcelain-metal surfaces. X-ray diffraction were used to observe the morphological changes in the oxidation zone. Te results of this study were obtained as follows: 1) The Tin oxidation increased with increasing Sn content after hear treatment. 2) In concentration of Sn on metal-porcelain surface, Sn-6 was most significantry increased 3) In thickness of Sn on metal-porcelain surface, Sn-9 was most significantry increased 4) The oxidations of alloy surface were mainly SnO₂.

광주시 환경오염에 관한 조사연구 (Ⅰ) : 대기오염 및 소음에 관하여 A Study on Air Pollution and Noise Level

남현근,류일광,이치영,강영식 광주보건대학 1978 論文集 Vol.4 No.-

Air pollution in Gwangju area was examined for six months from August, 1977 to January. 1978. The surveyed area was divided into four; Industrial, Commercial, Residential and Park area. 'Ten surveying sites which were representing the characteristics of each area were selected. The measuring methods were; the Lead dioxide cylinder method for Sulfur oxides, Triethanolamine plate method for Nitrogen dioxide, Deposit Gauge method of Dustfall, and the Rion noise meter for Noise level. The results we obtained are as follows. 1. SULFUR OXIDES The mean of Sulfur oxides was 0.355㎎SO₃/day/100㎠PbO₂, ranging from 0.12 to 0.57㎎SO₃/day/100㎠PbO₂. The mean value of Sulfur oxides was 0.57㎎SO₃/day/100㎠PbO₂ for Reidential area, 0.51㎎SO₃/day/100㎠PbO₂ for Commercial area(Keumnam-Ro 3 Ka), 0.34㎎SO₃/day/100㎠PbO₂for Industrial area (Im-Dong), and 0.21㎎SO₃/day/100㎠PbO₂ for Park area, respectively. 2. NITROGEN DIOXIDES The mean value of Nitrogen dioxides was 40.75㎍/NO₂/day/100㎠, ranging from 29.79 to 40.75㎍ NO₂/day/100㎠. At Commercial area where the value was the highest, the range of Nitrogene dioxides level was 35.32~50.88㎍ NO₂/day/100㎠. 3. DUSTFALL The mean value of dustfall was 12.8ton/㎢/month, ranging from 5.032 to 24.11 ton/㎢/month. The dustfall for Commercial area was higher than any other area. 4. NOISE The mean value of noise level was 58 dB(A) ranging from 43.3 to 64.4 dB(A). The noise of 64.4 dB(A), at Commercial area was higher than any other area.

신경아세포종양 신경초종 1예

남용호,김지연,송계용,윤태진 대한피부과학회 2006 大韓皮膚科學會誌 Vol.44 No.4

인도메타신 소프트 하이드로겔로 부터 약물 방출에 미치는 피부투과촉진제의 영향

남현규,이치호,신영희 한국약제학회 2002 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.32 No.1

We prepared a novel dosage form, peel-off type soft hydrogel using poly(vinyl alcohol), and evaluated the effect of skin penetration enhancer on the indomethacin release from soft hydrogel by in vitro permeation and in vivo absorption test. In this study, we used four enhancers-urea, dimethyl urea, 1,1,3,3-tetramethyl urea, and pirotiodecane (1[2(decylthio)ethyl]azacyclopentane-2-one, HPE-101^??. In addition, we evaluated the primary skin irritation test of soft hydrogel using rabbit. From these results, we could find the pirotiodecane was a prominent enhancer, and soft hydrogel seemed to be safe and have no irritancy.

주사 탐침 현미경을 이용하여 표면 처리한 기판 위의 DNA 관찰

이남주,손정민,진상협,전동렬,강치중 명지대학교 자연과학연구소 2004 자연과학논문집 Vol.23 No.-

대장균에서 추출한 plasmid DNA를 운모 기판에 착상시켜 주사 탐침 현미경으로 관찰하였다. plasmid DNA를 운모 기판에 착상시키기 위하여 운모 기판을 염 이온으로 0.01~10mM까지 농도를 변화시켜 표면 처리하였다. 운모 기판 위 염 이온의 농도 차이를 X-선 광전 분광기(XPS)로 표면을 분석하였다. 기판 처리에 사용한 염 이온의 농도에 영향을 받아 착상된 DNA의 밀도 및 모양이 변화하였다. 운모 기판 처리 농도에 따른 AFM 영상 차이와 XPS로 분석한 기판 위의 염 이온의 상태를 제시하고, 이들 사이의 상관관계에 대하여 논의하였다. The plasmid DNA on mica is observed using scanning probe microscopy. The mica surface is treated by 0.01~10mM NiCl_(2) for depositing the plasmid DNA. Concentration difference of NiCl_(2) on mica is analyzed a treated mica surface using XPS. The plasmid DNA on the treated mica has a difference of density and conformation in proportion as Ni^(2+) concentration. We present AFM topology difference and Ni^(2+) states on mica by XPS, discuss interaction between AFM topology difference and Ni^(2+) states on mica

Electrostatic Force Microscopy Plasmid DNA의 전기적 특성 관찰

이남주,손정민,진상협,전동렬,강치중 명지대학교 자연과학연구소 2004 자연과학논문집 Vol.23 No.-

p53HIS plasmid DNA를 운모 기판에 착상시켜 기판과 DNA 사이의 전기적인 특성을 electrostatic force microscope(EFM)와 atomic force microscope(AFM)을 이용하여 관찰하였다. DNA를 운모 기판 위에 착상시키기 위해 표면을 NiCl_(2) 용액으로 염 이온 처리했다. 염 이온의 농도에 따라 DNA와 기판과의 상호 작용에 의해 착상량과 DNA 단차 및 EFM 신호(DNA 외관상 단차)에 차이가 있었다. 즉, 염 농도가 높을수록 운모 기판에 고정되어 있는 DNA양이 많아졌고 기판과의 강한 상호 작용에 의해 DNA의 높이가 낮아지는 것을 관찰할 수 있었다. 반면 EFM신호는 탐침과 기판간의 척력 증가에 의해 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 또한 DNA의 한 부분에 전기적인 스트레스를 주었을 때의 특성을 EFM을 이용하여 분석하였다. We observe electrical characteristics between the plasmid DNA and mica by electrostatic force microscopy (EFM) and atomic force microscope (AFM). Firstly, we treated the mica by NiCl_(2) solution for depositing DNA. We monitored density of DNA molecules, DNA height and EFM signal from DNA-substrate interaction as Ni^(2+) concentration. We observe the plasmid DNA's height as Ni^(2+)concentration using AFM. On the other hand, EFM signal increase by increased repulsion between probe and substrate. After introducing voltage stress to a local area of DNA molecule, apparent height difference of DNA molecules was measured due to the charge injection or removal. Similar experiments were done with different bias polarities and sequential stress steps.

한 3차 의료기관 병실의 환경위생상태에 관한 조사분석

김경남,옥치상 고신대학교 보건과학연구소 2000 보건과학연구소보 Vol.10 No.-

This study was to investigate the survey analysis on the environmental sanitation state within wards in a hospital by means of questionnaires and field measurement at summer and winter in 1998. The collected data were tested by ANOVA, correlative analysis and multiple regression analysis on the basis of the SPSS 7.5 package(window version). Based on the results, within wards the temperatures were 27.2℃ in summer, and 24.9℃ in winter, the moistures were 62.1% rh in summer and 26.4% rh in winter by mean. And the illuminations were 304lux in summer and 301lux in winter, the sound levels were 55.ldB in summer and 57.7dB in winter by mean. In addition, inpatients' recognition about temperatures, moistures, colors, sound levels and spaces were common in all in summer and winter. But the illuminations were somewhat higher than average in summer and winter. It is apparent that the physical, mental and sanitary environment factors have a great effect on the treatment and health care for the patients. So it is required more and more to improve and provide medical care services centering around patients. And it is necessary that the administrator be much interested in environmental quality factors to create comfortable and convenient ward environments.

프로축구 관중의 인구통계적 특성에 따른 관람요인 및 관중만족 차이에 관한 연구

백남섭,인치광 龍仁大學校 體育科學硏究所 2003 體育科學硏究論叢 Vol.13 No.1

The purpose of this study is to determine spectator s differences in intention to watch and spectator satisfaction according to socio-demographic characteristics at Professional Soccer Games. Simple random sampling was performed to produce a sample of 300 spectators selected from those who were present in K-League matches in 2002. 57 questionnaires deemed either untrustworthy or partially omitted were excluded, leaving 243 questionnaires for study. Frequency analysis, t-test, Oneway-ANOVA, Scheffe test were performed. The above methods and procedures produced the following results. First, factors drawing soccer fans to the stadium had a statistically significant difference (5% range) regarding sex, age and frequency of soccer match watching depending on socio-demographic characteristics. Second, spectator satisfaction showed a statistically significant difference (5% range) regarding education level and frequency of soccer match watching depending on socio-demographic characteristics.