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Histomorphological changes in the common carotid artery of the male rat in induced hypogonadism
Isaac Cheruiyot,Beda Olabu,Martin Kamau,Kevin Ongeti,Pamela Mandela 대한해부학회 2018 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.51 No.4
The role of androgens in the development of cardiovascular diseases remains controversial. The current study therefore sought to determine the changes in the histomorphology of the common carotid artery of the male rat in orchidectomy-induced hypogonadism. Twenty-two Rattus norvegicus male rats aged 2 months were used. The rats were randomly assigned into baseline (n=4), experimental (n=9), and control (n=9) groups. Hypogonadism was surgically induced in the experimental group by bilateral orchiectomy under local anesthesia. At experiment weeks 3, 6, and 9, three rats from each group (experimental and control) were euthanized, their common carotid artery harvested, and routine processing was done for paraffin embedding, sectioning, and staining. The photomicrographs were taken using a digital photomicroscope for morphometric analysis. Orchidectomy resulted in the development of vascular fibrosis, with a significant increase in collagen fiber density and decrease in smooth muscle and elastic fiber density. Moreover, there was development of intimal hyperplasia, with fragmentation of medial elastic lamellae in the common carotid artery of the castrated rats. Orchidectomy induces adverse changes in structure of the common carotid artery of the male rat. These changes may impair vascular function, therefore constituting a possible structural basis for the higher incidences of cardiovascular diseases observed in hypogonadism.
Louis Hortensius Mwamlima,Josephine Pamela Ouma,Erick Kimutai Cheruiyot 한국작물학회 2019 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.22 No.2
Climate change due to global warming is contributing to upward shifts in temperatures and reductions in rainfall leading to increased incidences of soil moisture stress. A greenhouse experiment was conducted over two seasons to determine the effect of varying soil moisture regimes on root growth and nodulation of selected soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) cultivars. The experiment was conducted as a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) in a 4x6 factorial treatment arrangement with moisture regimes (80, 60, 40, and 20% of field capacity) as first factor and cultivars (Gazelle, Nyala, EAI 3600, DPSB 8, Hill, and DPSB 19) as second factor. Collected data on root diameter, root length, root surface area, root volume, and nodulation were subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) using Linear Mixed Model in GENSTAT. Significantly different treatment means were separated using Tukey’s test at 0.05 level of significance. Moisture stress significantly reduced soybean root diameter, root length, root surface area, root volume, root biomass, root to shoot ratio, and nodulation of all tested cultivars. The degree of stress however varied with soybean cultivars tested with cultivar EAI 3600 having highest root volume, root biomass, and number of nodules per plant compared to other cultivars. Results suggest that 40% moisture at field capacity could be a threshold moisture stress level for soybean beyond which adaptive soil moisture mitigation practices like supplementary irrigation and use of appropriate agronomic practices be employed to improve soybean yields.
Muigai Paul Kimani,James Otieno Owuoche,Francis Nyamu Wachira,Esther Kimani,Erick Kimutai Cheruiyot 한국작물학회 2014 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.17 No.2
The genetic diversity of 65 accessions of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] collected from various farmers and germplasmlines from ICRISAT-Kenya were analyzed. Simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers were used in order to determine the extent anddistribution of its genetic diversity. Twenty-nine (29) SSRs markers were polymorphic and a total of 192 alleles were detected whichshowed diversity. The number of alleles per primer ranged from 2 to 17, with an average of 6.62. The range of polymorphism informationcontent (PIC) ranged from 0.03 to 0.86, with total average of 0.82. According to the results analyzed, estimates of the meanallelic pattern across the two populations was generated; expected heterozygosity (He; 0.45, 0.54), average observed alleles (Na;3.40, 6.20), number of private allele (0.23, 3.03), and Shannon information index (I; 0.85, 1.13) for farmer and ICRISAT-Kenyagermplasm, respectively. The expected heterozygosity (He) varied from 0 to 0.26 with an average of 0.05. The Neighbor-joiningphenogram based on Nei’s genetic distance grouped the 65 accessions into three main groups. The analysis of molecular variance(AMOVA) revealed that 99% of the total genetic variation was within accessions in a population whereas the genetic variationamong populations in accessions accounted for 1% of the total genetic variation. Genetic diversity in ICRISAT sorghum materialcompared to the farmer’s collection suggested little infiltration of improved germplasm to the farmers