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Is Payment Mode Important? - Evidence from Credit Rating of Bond of China
CHEN Guanting,HUANG Xiaolin,ZHU Song 한국무역학회 2019 한국무역학회 국제학술대회 Vol.2019 No.08
The question that whether Issuer-Pay mode is better than Investor-Pay mode or not is controversial in theory and practice. Basing on the credit rating and bond interest rate in Chinese bond market during 2007-2015, this paper finds that credit ratings given under different payment modes are significantly different, and the credit rating given by an investor-paid credit rating agency (CRA) is significantly lower than that given by an issuer-paid CRA for the same bond issuer; moreover, compared to the dual rating by an investor-paid CRA and an issuer-paid CRA, the single rating by an issuer-paid CRA will boost the credit rating and the bond interest rate. The main reason might be that both ratings are informative.
Advanced ceramic components: Materials, fabrication, and applications
Tunmise Ayode Otitoju,Patrick Ugochukwu Okoye,Guanting Chen,Yang Li,Martin Onyeka Okoye,San-xi Li 한국공업화학회 2020 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.85 No.-
The global demand for ceramic materials with wide-ranging applications in the environment, precisiontools, biomedical, and electronics, and environmentalfields is on the increase. Several ceramic materialsand methods of fabrication have been developed with task-specific properties. The material, thefabrication methods, and processing conditions impel characteristics including corrosion-resistant,outstanding optical and electrical properties, hardness and anti-aging. In this review, various materialsfor the preparation of ceramics and ceramic composites components were investigated to demonstratethe contribution of the materials and different fabrication methods to the properties of the ceramicscomponents. The material properties, sintering temperature, casting technique, and pressure influencesthe ceramics grain size and porosity, which have an explicit effect on mechanical strength, corrosionresistant,and optical properties of the ceramic components. Thefinishing of the ceramic componentsinto a machinable shape requires careful attention to avoid defects. However, most conventionalfinishing methods are cost-intensive, hence, the need to commercialize 3-D printing for large scale andlong-run applications. It is hoped that this review would propagate wider research on low cost andenergy effective pathways to produce ceramics with dynamic properties, which can be applied in severalfields with outstanding performance.
Microsatellite primers in red bayberry, <i>Myrica rubra</i> (Myricaceae)
Xie, Xiaobo,Qiu, Yingying,Ke, Liping,Zheng, Xiliang,Wu, Guanting,Chen, Jinqing,Qi, Xingjiang,Ahn, Sangnag Wiley (John WileySons) 2011 American journal of botany Vol.98 No.4
<P>Microsatellite markers were developed in Myrica rubra to investigate potential hybridization events within or between M. rubra and its closely related species.</P>