The Effects of Group Art Therapy on the Learned Helplessness and Career Decision Making Self-Efficacy of Mentally Challenged High School Students

Chemi Kang(Chemi Kang) J-INSTITUTE 2022 Public Value Vol.7 No.2

Purpose: The career decision-making self-efficacy is a belief about an individual's ability to successfully ac-complish a given task. Students do not demonstrate an active attitude when they are faced with various stresses and anxiety about their own career or employment, and even some are passive and self-reliant, and they learn throughout their lives by becoming helpless when faced with numerous challenges due to their lack of responsi-bility or low self-esteem, thereby demonstrating symptoms of learned helplessness. As a result of the study which identified the relationship between learned helplessness and career path, the students with a high level of learned helplessness had a relatively high percentage of independent and dependent decisions in the overall process such as career selection, search, and decision relative to the students with a low sense of helplessness, and it was also claimed that the children with high learned helplessness showed relatively low means to solve career-related problem situations promptly. Hence, it is evident that by conducting the group art therapy, negative cognition and behavior can be changed through the group interaction and successful expe-riences in the art therapy process. This paper seeks to specifically examine the effects of group art therapy, which is very useful among the various treatment techniques which can help solve internal problems, on the learned helplessness and career decision making self-efficacy formed through the repeated failures. Method: Twenty mentally challenged high school students enrolled in special classes at average high schools were assigned to the experimental group and 10 to the control group. The group program was conducted twice a week, for a total of 10 sessions of 80 minutes per session. For the pre-post-additional-tests on learned helpless-ness and career decision making self-efficacy, repeated measure analysis of variance and simple main effect analysis were performed. Results: The experimental group in receipt of the group art therapy program was statistically significantly higher in the learned helplessness and career decision making self-efficacy scores than the control group both after and additional. Such results are meaning in that they help not only the mentally challenged high school students who are about to graduate, but also the mentally challenged high school students currently enrolled in the school to increase their self-confidence and self-esteem to ensure that they can make career choices that align with the reality through the positive understanding of themselves and the correct perception related changes. Conclusion: The group art therapy helps to address issues and problems through deep insight into one's inner self, and helps to improve the self-esteem by having a positive self-image, further to being an important factor for improvement. Hence, through this study, the group art therapy program should make an active effort to give a sense of achievement for the human growth, convert negative motives to positive motives, and diversify the scope of application of group art therapy programs for addressing realistic problems.

Effect of the High School Students Perspective of FUTURE ORIENTED TIME on the Actions for the Career Path Preparations: Mediating Effect of the Self Leadership and the Motivation for Career Path

Chemi Kang,Hyunjae Cho J-INSTITUTE 2021 Public Value Vol.6 No.4

Purpose: The young adults today are increasingly worried about their career path as they watch the rapidly changing future society, emergence of new jobs, and the disappearance of promising jobs since the advent of the fourth industrial revolution. Preparing for the career path is related to the perspective of future oriented time in the sense of practicing the present actions, mindful of the future. This study sought to explore the effect of the high school students perspective of future oriented time on the actions for the career path preparations, and also explore the influence of self-leadership and motivation for the career path in this process. Method: ‘A survey questionnaire was conducted for 650 high school students in Gyeongbuk, Daegu, Gyeongnam, and Ulsan regions, and the data of 565 students were finally analyzed, while the data were analyzed by using the structural equation model. The data collected for the statistical validation of the research model were analyzed by using the SPSS 18.0 for Windows and AMOS 22.0 programs in order to analyze the structural equation model for the causal relationship between the descriptive statistics and the research model, and also analyze the mediating effect by using the bootstrapping method and the phantom model. Results: As a result of the analysis performed, each of self leadership and motivation for the career path related mediating effects were discovered in the relationship between the high school students perspective of future oriented time and the actions for the career path preparations, and the high school students perspective of future oriented time demonstrated self leadership and motivation, with the double mediating effect discovered to influence the actions for the career path preparations through the career path. As a result of the multi-group analysis performed to examine the differences among the structural relationships according to the gender of young adults, the path from the perspective of future oriented time towards self leadership, path from self leadership towards the motivation for the career path, and the actions from motivation for the career path preparations demonstrated differences between men and women in the path for the career path preparations. Such results imply that it is necessary to consider the perspective of future oriented time, self-leadership, and motivation for career path as important variables in promoting the actions for the career path preparations. Conclusion: The structural model was validated to analyze the relationship between the perspective of future oriented time and self leadership, motivation for career path, and the actions for the career path preparations. Consequently, the effect of the perspective of future oriented time on the actions for the career path preparations was verified, and the mediating effects of self-leadership and the motivation for career path were further specified in the process. This implies that the perspective of future oriented time, self leadership, and the motivation for career path are among the important variables to consider when developing and applying various activities for promoting the actions for the career path preparations in school.

The Impact of Collective Art Therapy on the LEARNED Lethargy

Chemi Kang J-INSTITUTE 2021 Regulations Vol.6 No.3

Purpose: Since lethargic people express a belief that they are unable to control themselves over some issues and matters, their passivity further elevates, their expectations and motivation for the future fall, and their capaci-ty for performance diminishes. Therefore, it may be viewed that collective art therapy could change negative per-ceptions and behaviors by conducting group interaction and successful experiences in the process of art therapy. This paper seeks to specifically verify the impact on the learned lethargy formed via repeated failures by utilizing the collective art therapy, which is found to be very useful among the various techniques of treatment which might help address internal issues. Method: Uncover the factors of the learned lethargy through references, organizes the concepts, characteristics, and the basic aspects of the factors, and articulate and specify the negative impact on the learned lethargy in detail. Results: The collective art therapy assists one to address issues via deep insights to one’s inner self, encourages one to enhance one’s self-esteem by having a positive self-image, and through interactions by and among the members of group, the process of self-discovery largely contributes to improving one’s self-esteem. It was discov-ered that, by conducting the collective art therapy, group interactions and successful experiences of the art thera-py not only change the negative cognitions and behaviors, but also help achieve a proactive attitude, which is a departure from a depressive behavior studies and a passive attitude. Conclusion: It was discovered that being tamed for the learned lethargy causes a negative impact across vari-ous areas and negative emotions including depression and anxiety. Therefore, through this study, the collective art therapy programs will need to proactively endeavor to ensure that the collective art therapy program delivers a sense of achievement for human growth, convert negative motivations into positive motivations, and that the program is used even more diversely for addressing practical issues.

Effect of Group Art Therapy on Learned Helplessness and Self-Leadership

Chemi Kang,Hyunjae Cho J-INSTITUTE 2022 Protection Convergence Vol.7 No.1

Purpose: Group art therapy is the introduction of art to group psychotherapy, and the client observes how others in similar situations solve their problems through group activities. In addition, through this, they can give and receive help among themselves and form an organic bond. Group art therapy has the characteristic that art activities help promote emotional expression that has been suppressed in the past, and self-exposure and self-understanding are actively presented in the group. group art therapy helps the subject to have a deep insight into his or her inner self to solve problems and build a positive self-image. As a result of examining the programs related to learned helplessness, efforts on measures to reduce helplessness could be found. By conducting group art therapy on learned helplessness and self-leadership, we tried to change negative perceptions and behaviors and increase positive views through group interactions and successful experiences in the art therapy process to help rational decision-making. As such, the purpose of this study is to provide basic data on a counseling approach that gives a sense of accomplishment and converts negative moti-vation into positive motivation to reduce learned helplessness and improve self-leadership through group art therapy programs. Method: Based on the results of the basic research, major variables and related programs related to the learned helplessness and self-leadership of college students were analyzed through various literature and previ-ous research data and reflected in the preliminary program. A preliminary program was conducted to secure empirical evidence for the revision and improvement of the group art therapy program organized according to the program procedure to understand the acceptance of participants and the effectiveness of the program. It consists of verifying the effectiveness of the group art therapy program for college students. To verify the effectiveness, 10 experimental groups and control groups were formed for students at D University located in Daegu, Gyeong-sangbuk-do, and from April to June 2021, it was conducted twice a week for 100 minutes and a total of 10 sessions. Results: In the experimental group, there was a significant difference in learned helplessness and self-leadership. In the case of learned helplessness sub-factors, it was found that there was a significant effect in sub-factors excluding depression and negative perception. In the sub-factors of self-leadership, significant effects were found after the program. Conclusion: As discussed in this study, it was found that the group art therapy program is effective in reducing learned help-lessness and promoting self-leadership of college students.

Critical buckling load of chiral double-walled carbon nanotube using non-local theory elasticity

Chemi, Awda,Heireche, Houari,Zidour, Mohamed,Rakrak, Kaddour,Bousahla, Abdelmoumen Anis Techno-Press 2015 Advances in nano research Vol.3 No.4

The present paper investigate the elastic buckling of chiral double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWCNTs) under axial compression. Using the non-local elasticity theory, Timoshenko beam model has been implemented. According to the governing equations of non-local theory, the analytical solution is derived and the solution for non-local critical buckling loads is obtained. The numerical results show the influence of non-local small-scale coefficient, the vibrational mode number, the chirality of carbon nanotube and aspect ratio of the (DWCNTs) on non-local critical buckling loads of the (DWCNTs). The results indicate the dependence of non-local critical buckling loads on the chirality of single-walled carbon nanotube with increase the non-local small-scale coefficient, the vibrational mode number and aspect ratio of length to diameter.

대학생의 학습된 무기력, 셀프리더십, 진로동기, 진로결정자기효능감의 구조적 관계

강채미(Kang Chemi) 한국진로교육학회 2021 진로교육연구 Vol.34 No.3

본 연구는 대학생의 학습된 무기력, 셀프리더십, 진로동기 및 진로결정 자기효능감 간의 구조적 관계를 구명하는데 있었다. 본 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위해 경기, 대구, 경북, 경남에 재학중인 4년제 대학, 4개 대학의 학생들을 대상으로 자료를 수집하였다. 교양수업을 듣는 학생들 심리학 개론, 진로설계, 의사소통수업에서 강사와 학생들의 양해를 얻어 560명을 대상으로 설문을 시행하였다. 이 중에서 불성실하게 대답한 설문지 무응답하거나 한 문항이라도 응답하지 않은 설문지 54부를 제외한 총 506명의 자료가 최종분석에 사용되었다. 연구 모델 통계적 검증을 위해 수집한 자료는 SPSS 18.0 for Windows와 AMOS 22.0 프로그램을 이용하여 기술통계와 연구모형의 인과적 관계 구명을 위한 구조방정식 모형 분석, 부트스트래핑 방법과 팬텀모형을 활용한 매개효과 분석을 실시하였다. 구조방정식 모형 적합도 검증을 해본 결과 수용기준에 적합하였다. 주요결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 학습된 무기력, 셀프리더십, 진로동기, 진로결정자기효능감은 유의미한 상관을 보였다. 둘째, 변인 간 관계 분석 결과, 학습된 무기력은 진로동기에 부(-)의 직접효과 있고, 학습된 무기력은 진로결정 자기효능감에 부(-)의 직접효과가 있으며, 대학생의 학습된 무기력은 진로동기를 통해 진로결정 자기효능감에 직접적이니 효과가 있었다. 셋째, 셀프리더십은 진로동기에(+)의 직접효과가 있고, 셀프리더십은 진로결정자기효능감에 정(+)의 직접효과가 있었으며, 셀프리더십은 진로동기를 통해 진로결정자기효능감에 직접효과가 있었다. 이러한 결과는 진로결정자기효능감을 증진시키는 데 있어 학습된 무기력과 셀프리더십, 진로동기가 중요한 변인임을 고려하는 것이 필요하다는 것을 시사해주고 있다. This study was carried out to investigate the structural relationship between learned helplessness, self-leadership, career motivation, and career decision-making self-efficacy of college students. In order to achieve the purpose of this study, data were collected from students enrolled in a total of four four-year universities located in Gyeonggi, Daegu, Gyeongbuk, and Gyeongnam. A survey was conducted on 560 students with the understanding of instructors and students in elective courses such as psychology introduction, career design, and communication classes. Among them, a total of 506 data were used for the final analysis, excluding 54 copies of the questionnaire that responded insincerely, did not respond to any single question, or non-response. The data collected for statistical verification of the research model were analyzed using SPSS 18.0 for Windows and AMOS 22.0 programs to analyze the structural equation model for a causal relationship between descriptive statistics and research model and analyzed mediating effects using the bootstrapping method and phantom model. As a result of verifying the suitability of the structural equation model, it was suitable for the acceptance criteria. The main results are as follows. First, learned helplessness, self-leadership, career motivation, and career decision-making self-efficacy showed a significant correlation. Second, as a result of analyzing the relationship between variables, learned helplessness had a negative (-) direct effect on career motivation and career decision-making self-efficacy, and this effect was found to have an effect on career decision-making self-efficacy through career motivation. Third, self-leadership had a positive (+) direct effect on career motivation and career decision-making self-efficacy, and this result was found that self-leadership has an effect on career decision-making self-efficacy through career motivation. These results are indicating that it is necessary to consider that learned helplessness, self-leadership, and career motivation are important variables in enhancing career decision-making self-efficacy.

Free vibration analysis of chiral double-walled carbon nanotube using non-local elasticity theory

Rakrak, Kaddour,Zidour, Mohamed,Heireche, Houari,Bousahla, Abdelmoumen Anis,Chemi, Awda Techno-Press 2016 Advances in nano research Vol.4 No.1

This article is concerned with the free vibration problem for chiral double-walled carbon nanotube (DWCNTs) modelled using the non-local elasticity theory and Euler Bernoulli beam model. According to the governing equations of non-local Euler Bernoulli beam theory and the boundary conditions, the analytical solution is derived and two branches of transverse wave propagating are obtained. The numerical results obtained provide better representations of the vibration behaviour of double-walled carbon nanotube, where the aspect ratio of the (DWCNTs), the vibrational mode number, the small-scale coefficient and chirality of double-walled carbon nanotube on the frequency ratio (${\chi}^N$) of the (DWCNTs) are significant. In this work, the numerical results obtained can be used to predict and prevent the phenomenon of resonance for the forced vibration analyses of double -walled carbon nanotubes.

Free vibration analysis of chiral double-walled carbon nanotube embedded in an elastic medium using non-local elasticity theory and Euler Bernoulli beam model

Ahmed Dihaj,Mohamed Zidour,Mustapha Meradjah,Kaddour Rakrak,Houari Heireche,Awda Chemi 국제구조공학회 2018 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.65 No.3

The transverse free vibration of chiral double-walled carbon nanotube (DWCNTs) embedded in elastic medium is modeled by the non-local elasticity theory and Euler Bernoulli beam model. The governing equations are derived and the solutions of frequency are obtained. According to this study, the vibrational mode number, the small-scale coefficient, the Winkler parameter and chirality of double-walled carbon nanotube on the frequency ratio (χN) of the (DWCNTs) are studied and discussed. The new features of the vibration behavior of (DWCNTs) embedded in an elastic medium and the present solutions can be used for the static and dynamic analyses of double-walled carbon nanotubes.

Free vibration analysis of chiral double-walled carbon nanotube embedded in an elastic medium using non-local elasticity theory and Euler Bernoulli beam model

Dihaj, Ahmed,Zidour, Mohamed,Meradjah, Mustapha,Rakrak, Kaddour,Heireche, Houari,Chemi, Awda Techno-Press 2018 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.65 No.3

The transverse free vibration of chiral double-walled carbon nanotube (DWCNTs) embedded in elastic medium is modeled by the non-local elasticity theory and Euler Bernoulli beam model. The governing equations are derived and the solutions of frequency are obtained. According to this study, the vibrational mode number, the small-scale coefficient, the Winkler parameter and chirality of double-walled carbon nanotube on the frequency ratio (xN) of the (DWCNTs) are studied and discussed. The new features of the vibration behavior of (DWCNTs) embedded in an elastic medium and the present solutions can be used for the static and dynamic analyses of double-walled carbon nanotubes.