다분기 송수시스템의 설계용량 산정법에 관한 연구

현인환,민진호,이상목,이제인 대한상하수도학회 2003 상하수도학회지 Vol.17 No.6

This study is to evaluate the existing methods to determine the design capacity of the multi-branched water transmission systems. Three types of methods are generally used to determine the design capacity of water transmission systems. The first method is that total average day demand and peak factor of whole area is considered to estimate total maximum day demand, and then it is assigned to each pipe in the system. The second method is that total demand for each pipe in the system is calculated by adding up maximum day demand of each area. Because the calculation of design flow for each pipe is simple and convenient, this method is generally used for the design currently. The third method is that the each proper peak factor for each pipe in the system are estimated to predict maximum day demand of each pipe. In this study, two real water transmission systems were considered as study areas, and three methods were applied. The first method tends to underestimates the design capacities especially for branch pipes. On the other hand, the second method tends to overestimates the design capacities for most pipes. As a result, it is found that the third method generates most reasonable design capacities for each pipe. However, mass balance for the analysis of water transmission systems can not be satisfied automatically in the third method. Therefor, dummy nodal flows method are suggested to satisfy the Mass Balance Equations in this study.

우리나라 상수도시설의 첨두부하 영향요소 분석

현인환,이제인 대한상하수도학회 2004 상하수도학회지 Vol.18 No.1

This study is to analyze the affecting factors to the peak factor in the drinking water supply Facilities. The peak factor is a very important element to determine the capacity of the water supply facllities. Several factors such as Population served, average day water demand, ratio of domestic water use, ratio of affairs & business water use and water use per capital per day were selected as the affecting factors in this study. In this study, peak factor characteristics for Korean facilities were compared with those for Japanese ones. As a result, non-exceedance probability was suggested as the designing method for the peak factor. Also, the 50% non-exceedance probability values and the 90% values based on the 1998-1999 data were suggested in this study.

中性시스템에서 白水의 再循還과 脫水 條件이 內添 藥品의 擧動에 미치는 影響

이은정,김병수,정현채,김철환,박종열 경상대학교 농업생명과학연구원 2003 농업생명과학연구 Vol.37 No.4

중성 초지에서 공정의 최적화를 위해 사용되는 각종 첨가제로 인해 백수 시스템은 산성 초지보다 훨씬 복잡한 특성을 나타내고 있다. 특히, 환경 및 경제적 이유로 공정수의 완전한 재사용을 위한 노력이 계속되고 있으며, 백수의 재사용은 제지 공정에 있어서 원료의 절감과 폐수의 부하를 줄일 수 있는 잇점이 있기 때문에 지속적인 연구가 이루어지고 있다. 그러나 초지 공정에서 배출되는 백수는 각 위치에 따라 그 특성이 다름에도 불구하고 통합되어 관리되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 백수의 재순환 회수와 탈수부 압력을 달리 했을 때 탈수부의 위치와 조건에 따른 백수의 유기 성분, 무기 성분과 수질 특성 그리고 이들 조건이 미세분 보류도와 종이의 특성에 미치는 영향을 파악한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. ① 백수의 재순환과 탈수부 조건에 따른 유기 및 무기 성분에 대하여 각각 FTIR과 WRD를 사용한 결과, 제지 공법에 사용되는 각종 물질의 추적을 위해 효과적인 방법으로 판단 되었다. ② 백수의 재순환 회수와 탈수 압력에 따른 수질 분석 결과 자연 탈수부에서는 백수의 재순환 회수가 증가할수록 무기염, 탁도, COD는 증가하였으며 진공 탈수부에서 보다 무기염, 탁도 및 COD는 낮은 것으로 나타났다. ③ 백수의 재순환 회수와 탈수 압력에 따른 종이의 강도적 특성과 미세분 보류도의 결과를 비교한 결과 이들간에 밀접한 관련이 있었다. ④ 백수의 재순환 회수에 따른 자연 탈수부와 진공 탈수부에서 탈수 조건에 따라 백수의 특성이 달라진다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 특히 무기염의 함유량, 탁도, COD 그리고 양이온 요구도에 있어서 자연 탈수부와 진공 탈수부 조건 사이에 나타난 결과에 따라 자연 탈수부에서 수집된 백수는 진공 탈수부에서 수집된 백수보다 미세분, 섬유, 충전제 및 기타 첨가제들을 많이 함유하고 있었으므로 탈수조건에 따라 백수의 이원화 관리가 필요한 것으로 판단된다. There has been shown more complicate characteristics of white water in the alkaline paper making system than that of acid paper making system. Because the alkaline wet end system is consisted with various functional chemicals to control optimum one pass retention on the wire part and chemi-mechanical properties of final paper, especially perfect reuse of white water due to environmental economical view point has been performed. However, in the paper making system, discharged white water in different position and physical conditions to remove in wet web is managed in same line. Therefore, this reserch was performed to identify organic, inorganic material in white water and water recycling and vacuum intensity on the chemical characteristics in the water and properties the paper. The results obtained are summarized as follow: 1. FTIR and XRD which were used for identifying wet end chemical were effective instrument to chase the chemicals from wet end stock to white water.88 2. According to control white water recycle number and vacuum intensity, the characteristics of white water were changed. 3. In condition of atmospheric pressure, apparent amount of fines and several chemicals which produce environmental problom was higher than that of high vaccum condition. 4. Paper mill has to control the white water differently on condition of vacuum and to separate from white water discharged in atmospheric pressure and high vacuum intensity 5. It can be very effective white water management to reduce water pollution and to improve runnability.

일부 지역 도로관리 종사자에서 발견된 흉부 X선상 소음영 소견에 관한 조사

정해관,임현술,최익한,이원재,이현경 동국대학교 경주대학 1993 東國論集 Vol.12 No.-

Authors examined 135 workers(133 males and 2 females) employed in a local road construction and maintenance office lacated in the Pohang area to investigate the presence of pneumoconiosis cases among them. Examination consisted of questionnaire survey, physical examination and chest radiograph. Results are as follows ; 1. Of 135 workers, 8 cases(5.9%) were found to have small opacities of category 0/1 or more on chest radiogtaph. These cases were all males and prevalence was highest in group with age 50 or more(11.1% 3 out of 27 workers) and in froup with 5 to 9 years of employment(9.5%, 4 out of 42 workers). Small Opacities were found only in field workers(8.9%, 8 out of 90 workers) and prevalence of small opacities by job title was 8.8% in overload watchmen(3 out of 34 workers), 8.2% in road sweepers, road repair and maintenance workers(5 out of 56 workers). 2. Prevalence of small opacities on chest radiograph was higher in dusty, outdoor jobs than non-dusty jobs and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05) 3. There was no statistically significant difference between those with radiological appearance of small opacities and normal subjects in age, educational level, duration of employment, previous dust exposure, past history of respiratory illness and clinical symptoms(P>0.05). 4. Of 8 cases with small opacities on chest radiograph, 1 case had small opacity of category 1/0(s/s) and the other 7 cases had small opacities of category 0/1. Two cases had past history of pulmonary tuberculosis, but radiologic findings were not consistent with tuberculosis. Two cases with less than 5 years of employment had previous history of dust exposure. Although specific etiologic factors were not clear with this study alone, authors suspected that specific geological factors in the Pohang area(soils rich in diatomaceous earth, bentonite and fullers' earth etc.) may have some role in development of small opacities. Above results suggests that follow up investigation for further development and progression of pneumoconiosis and effective measures to prevent dust exposure of road workers are needed.

Pathogenomics of Streptococcus ilei sp. nov., a newly identified pathogen ubiquitous in human microbiome

Hyun Dong-Wook,Lee Jae-Yun,Kim Min-Soo,Shin Na-Ri,Whon Tae Woong,Kim Kyung Hyun,Kim Pil Soo,Tak Euon Jung,Jung Mi-Ja,이준영,Kim Hyun Sik,Kang Woorim,Sung Hojun,Jeon Che Ok,Bae Jin-Woo 한국미생물학회 2021 The journal of microbiology Vol.59 No.8

Viridans group streptococci are a serious health concern because most of these bacteria cause life-threatening infections, especially in immunocompromised and hospitalized individuals. We focused on two alpha-hemolytic Streptococcus strains (I-G2 and I-P16) newly isolated from an ileostomy effluent of a colorectal cancer patient. We examined their pathogenic potential by investigating their prevalence in human and assessing their pathogenicity in a mouse model. We also predicted their virulence factors and pathogenic features by using comparative genomic analysis and in vitro tests. Using polyphasic and systematic approaches, we identified the isolates as belonging to a novel Streptococcus species and designated it as Streptococcus ilei. Metagenomic survey based on taxonomic assignment of datasets from the Human Microbiome Project revealed that S. ilei is present in most human population and at various body sites but is especially abundant in the oral cavity. Intraperitoneal injection of S. ilei was lethal to otherwise healthy C57BL/6J mice. Pathogenomics and in vitro assays revealed that S. ilei possesses a unique set of virulence factors. In agreement with the in vivo and in vitro data, which indicated that S. ilei strain I-G2 is more pathogenic than strain I-P16, only the former displayed the streptococcal group A antigen. We here newly identified S. ilei sp. nov., and described its prevalence in human, virulence factors, and pathogenicity. This will help to prevent S. ilei strain misidentification in the future, and improve the understanding and management of streptococcal infections.

Adipocyte-Specific Deficiency of De Novo Sphingolipid Biosynthesis Leads to Lipodystrophy and Insulin Resistance

Lee, Su-Yeon,Lee, Hui-Young,Song, Jae-Hwi,Kim, Goon-Tae,Jeon, Suwon,Song, Yoo-Jeong,Lee, Jae Sung,Hur, Jang-Ho,Oh, Hyun Hee,Park, Shi-Young,Shim, Soon-Mi,Yoo, Hyun Joo,Lee, Byung Cheon,Jiang, Xian-Che American Diabetes Association 2017 Diabetes Vol.66 No.10

<P>Sphingolipids have been implicated in the etiology of chronic metabolic diseases. Here, we investigated whether sphingolipid biosynthesis is associated with the development of adipose tissues and metabolic diseases. SPTLC2, a subunit of serine palmitoyltransferase, was transcriptionally upregulated in the adipose tissues of obese mice and in differentiating adipocytes. Adipocyte-specific SPTLC2-deficient (aSPTLC2 KO) mice had markedly reduced adipose tissue mass. Fatty acids that were destined for the adipose tissue were instead shunted to liver and caused hepatosteatosis. This impaired fat distribution caused systemic insulin resistance and hyperglycemia, indicating severe lipodystrophy. Mechanistically, sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) was reduced in the adipose tissues of aSPTLC2 KO mice, and this inhibited adipocyte proliferation and differentiation via the downregulation of S1P receptor 1 and decreased activity of the peroxisome proliferator-activator receptor gamma. In addition, downregulation of SREBP (sterol regulatory element-binding protein)-1c prevented adipogenesis of aSPTLC2 KO adipocytes. Collectively, our observations suggest that the tight regulation of de novo sphingolipid biosynthesis and S1P signaling plays an important role in adipogenesis and hepatosteatosis.</P>

Infection-specific phosphorylation of glutamyl-prolyl tRNA synthetase induces antiviral immunity

Lee, Eun-Young,Lee, Hyun-Cheol,Kim, Hyun-Kwan,Jang, Song Yee,Park, Seong-Jun,Kim, Yong-Hoon,Kim, Jong Hwan,Hwang, Jungwon,Kim, Jae-Hoon,Kim, Tae-Hwan,Arif, Abul,Kim, Seon-Young,Choi, Young-Ki,Lee, Che NATURE AMERICA INC 2016 NATURE IMMUNOLOGY Vol.17 No.11

<P>The mammalian cytoplasmic multi-tRNA synthetase complex (MSC) is a depot system that regulates non-translational cellular functions. Here we found that the MSC component glutamyl-prolyl-tRNA synthetase (EPRS) switched its function following viral infection and exhibited potent antiviral activity. Infection-specific phosphorylation of EPRS at Ser990 induced its dissociation from the MSC, after which it was guided to the antiviral signaling pathway, where it interacted with PCBP2, a negative regulator of mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS) that is critical for antiviral immunity. This interaction blocked PCBP2-mediated ubiquitination of MAVS and ultimately suppressed viral replication. EPRS-haploid (Eprs(+/-)) mice showed enhanced viremia and inflammation and delayed viral clearance. This stimulus-inducible activation of MAVS by EPRS suggests an unexpected role for the MSC as a regulator of immune responses to viral infection.</P>

전시공간에서 벽의 의미와 위계정립을 위한 기초적 연구

이상현(Lee, Sang-Hyun),이종숙(Lee, Jong-Sook),임채진(Lim, Che-Zinn) 한국실내디자인학회 2009 한국실내디자인학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.11 No.2

Newly concepted art museums are seeking for a variety of architectural structures in reflecting the characteristics of contemporary art. Therefore, they have been in pursuit of reformulating the path people move around and see, in the process of making the organization of a exhibition vulnerable to change, not only considering making use of the outer wall of the building. In other words, each wall has different architectural value. For revealing that, this research will exploit the data analyzing the relevance between the ichnography of museums and the criteria. In this research, I will firstly define the terminology, the wide-spread notion of wall. Then, I will analyze the unique property of wall especially in a unit area. Finally, I will establish the hierarchy of the wall through contrastive analysis whether the characteristic of each wall is practically adapted in museums.

개방 사고시 BLDC 피드백 제어 시스템

임채영(Che-Young Im),임진우(Jin-Woo Lim),이동수(Dong-Su Lee),이진우(Jin-Woo Lee),이승호(Seung-Ho Lee),우대현(Dae-Hyun Woo),김주영(Ju-Young Kim),김남현(Nam-Hyun Kim),정상용(Sang-Yong Jung) 대한전기학회 2009 대한전기학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2009 No.7

본 논문에서는 BLDC 운전 중 각 상의 결상 사고에 따른 토크 및 속도의 최적화에 대해 연구하였다. BLDC 모터의 구동을 위하여 ATmega16이 사용되었으며 제어기법으로는 PWM(Pulse Width Modulation) 기법이 사용된다. 속도 제어는 Hall Sensor의 검출 속도에 따라 Duty비를 제어하여 이루어지며 회전자 위치는 Hall Sensor 검출 방식을 통하여 이루어진다. 이러한 BLDC 모터를 이용하여 예기치 못한 결상 상황의 발생 시 토크의 감소로 인한 급제동에 대비하여 부하에 상응하는 토크를 최대한 낼 수 있도록 알고리즘을 구현하였다.

드롭랜딩 시 시각정보차단과 착지조건에 따른 지면반력 차이분석

현승현 ( Hyun Seung Hyun ),류재청 ( Che Cheong Ryew ),이애리 ( Ae Ri Lee ) 제주대학교 체육과학연구소 2014 체육과학연구 Vol.20 No.-