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Ginkgo biloba Administered Singly and Combined With Antioxidants in Tinnitus Patients
Chauhan Bhushan,Arya Shantanu,Chauhan Komal 대한청각학회 2023 Journal of Audiology & Otology Vol.27 No.1
Background and Objectives: Tinnitus, or ear ringing, involves impulsive and spontaneous activity in the auditory neurons. Its prevalence is high in the elderly, but 10%–15% of adults suffer from tinnitus, affecting their quality of life. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of <i>Ginkgo biloba</i> administered singly and in combination with antioxidants in tinnitus patients.Subjects and Methods: Patients were randomly allocated to Placebo (T0, n=22), Treatment 1 (T1, n=24), and Treatment 2 (T2, n=23) groups. The patients were educated on the study’s methodology and were instructed to visit at 0, 4, 8, 12, and 14 weeks. The placebo group received starch capsule supplements. Conversely, the treatment groups received <i>Ginkgo biloba</i> (60 mg twice a day) singly and in combination with antioxidants. We enrolled 69 patients aged 40–70 years (41 men, 28 women). The Tinnitus Handicap Index (THI), Visual Analogue Score (VAS), and Short Form 36 (SF-36) Health Scores were determined pre- and post-treatment at each visit.Results: Supplementation of <i>Ginkgo biloba</i>, along with antioxidants, provided marked improvement (<i>p</i><0.05) in post-treatment THI and VAS scores in the T2 group compared to those in the T1 and T0 groups. The greatest (<i>p</i><0.05) percent difference was observed in the pre- and post-treatment THI (-36%) and VAS scores (-22.6%) of T2 patients. Likewise, the SF-36 scores improved significantly (<i>p</i><0.05) in the T2 group in varied parameters.Conclusions: <i>Ginkgo biloba</i>, along with antioxidants, can be a promising therapy for tinnitus patients, providing marked improvement in THI, VAS, and SF-36 scores.
A STUDY OF THE RIGHT LOCAL GENERAL TRUNCATED M-FRACTIONAL DERIVATIVE
Chauhan, Rajendrakumar B.,Chudasama, Meera H. Korean Mathematical Society 2022 대한수학회논문집 Vol.37 No.2
We introduce a new type of fractional derivative, which we call as the right local general truncated M-fractional derivative for α-differentiable functions that generalizes the fractional derivative type introduced by Anastassiou. This newly defined operator generalizes the standard properties and results of the integer order calculus viz. the Rolle's theorem, the mean value theorem and its extension, inverse property, the fundamental theorem of calculus and the theorem of integration by parts. Then we represent a relation of the newly defined fractional derivative with known fractional derivative and in context with this derivative a physical problem, Kirchoff's voltage law, is generalized. Also, the importance of this newly defined operator with respect to the flexibility in the parametric values is described via the comparison of the solutions in the graphs using MATLAB software.
Chauhan, Bhagirath S.,Johnson, David E. The Korean Society of Weed Science and The Turfgra 2011 Weed Biology and Management Vol.11 No.4
The competitive outcomes between weedy rice from Malaysia (MWR), the Philippines (PWR), and Vietnam (VWR) and cultivated rice (IR64) grown in pots were evaluated in a replacement series experiment with added N (0, 50, 100, and 150 kg N $ha^{-1}$) and competition with IR64 plants (no competition, eight weedy rice plants : 0 IR64 plants; low competition, six weedy rice plants : two IR64 plants; and high competition, two weedy rice plants : six IR64 plants). The growth observations were taken at 10 weeks after sowing. When grown in a monoculture (no competition with IR64 plants), the PWR plants had a lower shoot biomass across N rates than did the MWR andVWR plants.The leaf area and shoot biomass of weedy rice across populations significantly increased with an increase in the N application rate. Each weedy rice population and the IR64 population showed linear responses of the leaf area and shoot biomass to the N rate at all levels of competition. The weedy rice and IR64 plants, when grown without competition, had a similar rate of response in the shoot biomass to the N rate. However, when grown in competition, the response to the added N varied among the weedy rice populations. The MWR plants under competition produced a similar amount of shoot biomass to the IR64 plants per unit addition of N. In contrast, the PWR and VWR populations under competition produced a greater amount of shoot biomass with each additional unit of N, compared to the IR64 population. The results illustrate that N fertilizer management might affect the outcome of weedy rice competition. This information could be incorporated into weedy rice management strategies.
PANI-ZnO clad modified multimode optical fiber pH sensor based on EWA
Chauhan Maya,Singh Vinod Kumar 한국물리학회 2023 Current Applied Physics Vol.50 No.-
In the present investigation, an intrinsic intensity modulated optical fiber pH sensor is developed and experimentally tested at room temperature. To fabricate the sensor probe, original cladding of multimode fiber was replaced by a pH-sensitive polyaniline-zinc oxide (PANI-ZnO) nanocomposite matrix whose absorbance property and refractive index (RI) are pH dependent. The synthesized PANI, ZnO, and incorporation of ZnO into PANI was confirmed and analyzed by some characterization techniques. It was observed that the ZnO composition into PANI not only enhances the materials’s optical activity, porosity and hence sensitivity of the sensor but also boosts the mechanical strength of the coating layer over silica surface. Moreover, high index ZnO material is used to enhance the evanescent field towards the sensing region, which can help in better interaction of light from the outer medium. The pH sensing principle depends upon evanescent wave absorption (EWA) due to swelling/ shrinkage of PANI and hence modification in volume and RI of the layer leads to change in transmitted optical power. The average sensitivity of proposed sensor was found to be 2.46 μW/pH for a wide pH range of 2–10 unit. The sensor also possesses excellent stability, fast response time, low hysteresis, good repeatability and durability characteristics. Results suggest that this sensor can be productively utilized in biomedical and chemical sensing applications.
Carbon nanodots: recent advances in synthesis and applications
Chauhan Dheeraj Singh,Quraishi M. A.,Verma Chandrabhan 한국탄소학회 2022 Carbon Letters Vol.32 No.7
Due to their fascinating properties, there is a rise in the critical consideration of carbon-based nanomaterials in a plethora of applications. Carbon nanomaterials, such as nanotubes, graphene, fullerenes, and nanodiamonds, have broad applicability and potential research prospects. In the past few years, the developments and consumption of still smaller nanomaterials, namely graphene quantum dots and carbon nanodots or carbon dots (CDs) have been explored. Since carbon as a component exhibits insignificant cytotoxicity and remarkable biocompatibility, CDs have found a wide scope of potential applications. Owing to their fascinating aspects, such as small size, biocompatibility, low toxic nature, environment-friendliness, cost-effectiveness, ease of chemical functionalization, derivatization and surface modification, and photoluminescence tenability, CDs have been widely acknowledged. CDs have found major prospects in the areas of catalysis, sensors, and optical and bio-related applications. CDs are generally synthesized by employing techniques of pyrolysis, laser ablation, arc discharge, electrochemical method; hydrothermal and solvothermal techniques; and microwave and ultrasonic irradiations. This review article presents a brief account of the major properties of CDs, and applications, with particular emphasis on the green and environment-friendly synthesis methodologies. An overview of the microwave and ultrasound irradiation-induced syntheses for the preparation of CDs is presented in the light of green chemistry principles. In addition, some of the green and environmentally benign precursors for the production of CDs are outlined. The most recent work on CDs is included in this review article.
FIXED POINT THEOREMS IN MENGER SPACES AND APPLICATIONS TO METRIC SPACES
Chauhan, Sunny,Kumar, Suneel The Korean Society for Computational and Applied M 2012 Journal of applied mathematics & informatics Vol.30 No.5
In this paper, we prove common fixed point theorems for occasionally weakly compatible maps in Menger spaces with a continuous t-norm of H-type. As application to our results, we obtain the corresponding fixed point theorems in metric spaces. Our results improve and generalize many known results in Menger spaces as well as in metric spaces.