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Concrete Filled Steel Tubes for Bridge Pier and Foundation Construction
Charles W. Roeder,Max T. Stephens,Dawn E. Lehman 한국강구조학회 2018 International Journal of Steel Structures Vol.18 No.1
Concrete filled steel tubes (CFSTs) are composite members that are commonly used in many countries today. CFST components are used in the United States, but they are more common in Asia, in part because the connections used in Asia are quite labor intensive and there are not standard connections in the U.S. In addition, US design specifications are prepared by separate groups for structural steel and reinforced concrete structures and so composite systems that use CFST components are not overseen by a single group and as such there are several conflicting design standards. In the US, steel tubes used for CFST are more slender (i.e., the diameter-to-thickness, D/t, ratio is larger) than some other countries, and labor practices (structural steel labor is different than reinforcing steel labor) also cause potential conflicts in construction. As a result, CFST has had some use in tall building construction in the US, but very limited use in bridge construction. A research program at the University of Washington has been in progress to address many of these issues with an eye towards universal design expressions, simpler, standardized connections and promotion of accelerated bridge construction (ABC). The research has resulted in recent changes to the American Association of State Highway Officials (AASHTO) bridge design specification as well as state departments of transportation (DOTs), which supports the increased use of CFST in bridge piers and pile and drilled-shaft foundations. An experimental research study which included 19 CFST pier-to-footing (or pile-cap) connection tests and 8 CFST pier column-to-precast pier cap tests was performed. These connections provide good performance under both seismic and gravity loads and address the concerns of US construction. These connections, their design rules and requirements, and their impact on composite behavior and system performance are discussed. These results permit rapid and economical construction of CFST bridge piers, piles and drilled shaft foundations. They encourage the use of more slender and economical tubes, while achieving the benefits of composite construction.
Building Six-Party Capacity for a WMD-Free Korea
( Charles M Perry ),( James L Schoff ) 한국국방연구원 2004 The Korean Journal of Defense Analysis Vol.16 No.2
The unprecedented series of six-party talks now under way in an effort to resolve the standoff over North Korea`s nuclear and broader WMD-related activities herald a new and indelibly regional dynamic that portends a brighter future for Northeast Asia. Even if the current process does not achieve all its objectives, the multilateral legacy that the six-party interactions would nonetheless leave behind should not be squandered away or left unattended. In this context, there is a need to coordinate regional efforts not only on the deal-making process (or the front end) regarding North Korea`s WMD programs (i.e., developing the political and economic motivations for an initial agreement), but also on back-end issues relating to how the logistical and technical process of dismantling the DPRK`s nuclear weapons program and facilitating the country`s engagement with the international community could actually unfold. While the six-party talks began as a diplomatic process, the opportunity exists for this mechanism to evolve from a purely diplomatic function into a more institutionalized body with certain logistical and technical capabilities that can provide legitimacy for, and augment, the contributions of the IAEA, international financial institutions, and other UN agencies. This can only happen, however, if Korean political and socio-cultural sensitivities are acknowledged and addressed and if the six-party process can make up for the divergent threat perceptions and the lack of trust and confidence that exists among the central actors.
How Public Opinion Shapes Taiwan’s Sunflower Movement
Charles K.S. Wu 동아시아연구원 2019 Journal of East Asian Studies Vol.19 No.3
The 2014 Sunflower Movement succeeded in blocking Taiwan's Congress from ratifying the Cross-Strait Services Trade Agreement (CSSTA), a bill that proposed to liberalize trade with China. Since most of the participants in this movement were students and NGO members, they had limited economic and political resources to influence policy change, which makes their success in stopping a trade deal remarkable. Many attribute this important success to an elite alliance with politicians inside the government, fueled by a personal rivalry between political elites. However, I argue that changing public opinion is the more important force behind the creation of the alliance. With original data from interviews with political elites, their staff members, and activists in Taiwan, in addition to secondary information, I confirm public opinion to be the major reason for the political alliance. This case illustrates that in some circumstances, public opinion outweighs the importance of elite rivalry in influencing political elite decision-making, and it could represent a key mechanism of democratic policy-making.
A giant foramen of Vesalius: case report
Charles Peper,Joe Iwanaga,Aaron S. Dumont,R. Shane Tubbs 대한해부학회 2022 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.55 No.3
Anatomical variations identified at the skull base can result in challenges to the clinician. For example, the anatomy of the foramen ovale and its neighboring structures is critical knowledge for the surgeon who performs transcutaneous approaches to the foramen ovale for treating patients with trigeminal neuralgia. One nearby structure that can compound invasive procedures and potentially result in complications is the foramen of Vesalius. Although usually small, we report a giant foramen of Vesalius found in an adult female skull. The anatomy and clinical aspects of such a finding are discussed and related to other reports in the literature.
Charles L. Saltzman,,Robert G. Kadoko, MD,서진수 대한정형외과학회 2010 Clinics in Orthopedic Surgery Vol.2 No.1
Background: Ankle arthrodesis and replacement are two common surgical treatment options for end-stage ankle osteoarthritis. However, the relative value of these alternative procedures is not well defi ned. This study compared the clinical and radiographicoutcomes as well as the early perioperative complications of the two procedures. Methods: Between January 2, 1998 and May 31, 2002, 138 patients were treated with ankle fusion or replacements. Seventy onepatients had isolated posttraumatic or primary ankle arthritis. However, patients with infl ammatory arthritis, neuropathic arthritis,concomitant hind foot fusion, revision procedures and two component system ankle replacement were excluded. Among them,one group of 42 patients had a total ankle replacement (TAR), whereas the other group of 29 patients underwent ankle fusion. A complete follow-up could be performed on 89% (37/42) and 73% (23/29) of the TAR and ankle fusion group, respectively. Themean follow-up period was 4.2 years (range, 2.2 to 5.9 years). Results: The outcomes of both groups were compared using a student’s t-test. Only the short form heath survery mental componentsummary score and Ankle Osteoarthritis Scale pain scale showed significantly better outcomes in the TAR group (p < 0.05). In theradiographic evaluation, there was no signifi cant difference in preoperative and postoperative osteoarthritis between the TAR and fusiongroups. Conclusions: The clinical results of TAR are similar to those of fusion at an average follow-up of 4 years. However, thearthroplasty group showed better pain relief and more postoperative complications that required surgery.