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스포츠 생리학 : Figure Skating의 운동형태별 운동강도
장인현(ChangIn-Hyun),안나영(AhnNa-Young) 한국체육학회 1996 한국체육학회지 Vol.35 No.2
Figure skating의 과학적인 훈련처방을 위한 자료 제공을 목적으로 대구시내에 거주하는 평균 연령 17세의 여자 Figure skating 선수 10명을 대상으로 단 시간 운동형태인 Compulsory figure, Jump, Spin, Step, 장시간 운동형태인 Forward skating, Crossing, Free skating 등 7가지 운동형태의 운동수행을 통하여 심박수 및 최대산소섭취량, 에너지소비량에 따른 운동강도를 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다.1 최대운동부하검사에서 최대평균심박수는 분당 192.4회, 최대산소섭취량은 53.5㎖·㎏<sup>-1</sup>·min<sup>-1</sup>으로 나타났다. 무산소성 역치(AT)시점에서의 평균심박수는 171.0회로 88.9%HRmax으로 나타났고 또한 평균산소섭취량은 37.3㎖·㎏<sup>-1</sup>·min<sup>-1</sup>로 70.1%VO₂max으로 나타났다.2. Free skating의 운동강도는 99.5%HRmax (191.4회)와 85.0%VO₂max (45.45㎖·㎏<sup>-1</sup>·min<sup>-1</sup>)로 나타났다. Energy cost(EC) 는 98.7%ECmax (16.3㎉·min^(-1))였으며 Free skating, Forward skating, Crossing은 심박수와 산소섭취량에 대한 AT시점은 각각 88.3∼88.8%HRmax, 65.8∼69.4%VO₂max 수준의 운동강도였다.3. Compulsory figure의 운동강도는 심박수에서는 73.8%HRmax (140.1회), 산소섭취량에서는 45.6%VO₂max (26.0 ㎖·㎏<sup>-1</sup>)·min<sup>-1</sup>), 에너지 소비량은 48.4%ECmax (7.06㎉·mn<sup>-1</sup>)로 다른 운동형태 중 가장 낮았다. The aim of this study is to provide the figure skating with the data for the scientific training. Subjects were consisted of 10 members of figure skaters in Taegu city whose average age were 17. The forms of figure skating included the long-duration exercise and short-duration one. Compulsory figure, Jump, Spin, and Step were included in the former, and Forward skating, Crossing and Free skating in the latter.The exercise intensity according to Heart rate(HR), VO₂max and Energy cost(EC) in each skating forms were analyzed, and the results were as follows:1. In the treadmill test, HRmax was 192.4bpm, and VO₂max was 53.49㎖·㎏<sup>-1</sup>·min<sup>-1</sup>. AT was begun to be seen at 88.9%HRmax and 70.1%VO₂max.2. Free skating showed the highest exercise intensity including 99.5%HRmax, 85.0%VO₂max and 98.8%ECmax.3. In the long-duration exercise, the range of AT was 88.3∼88.8%HRmax and 65.8∼69.4%VO₂ max, and that of energy cost was 93.2∼98.7%ECmax.4. The intensity in the short-duration exercise was considered 78.8∼82.5% HRmax, 48.55∼62.1%VO₂max and 48.4∼66.1%ECmax.
스포츠 생리학 : 피겨 스케이팅의 운동강도 추정 - 빙상학습 활성화 방안 -
장인현(ChangIn-Hyun),전윤수(JeunYoun-Su),안나영(AhnNa-Young) 한국체육학회 1997 한국체육학회지 Vol.36 No.3
피겨 스케이팅 학습시의 운동강도를 추정하기 위해 초 중 고·성인 연령대로 구성된 초급자 (10세-13세) 10명과 중급자(13세-22세) 10명으로 피험자를 선정하였다. 피험자의 최대 운동강도를 알기 위해 트레드밀로 점증 최대 부하 검사를 실시하였으며 심박수와 산소섭취량을 이용하여 회귀식을 구하였다.피겨 스케이팅 학습시의 피겨 동작인 Compulsory figure, Step, Spin, Jump, Crossing, Forward skating을 실시하는 동안 그때의 심박수를 측정하여 주어진 회귀식을 이용 개인별 산소섭취량을 추정하였고 에너지 소비량도 산출하였다. 이들 추정 값을 이용하여 최대 운동능력에 대한 강도(%)를 비교 분석한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다.초급자의 회귀식은 평균 Y=0.332525X - 23.930072 (r² = .92)이고 중급자는 Y=0.398921X - 30.458237 (r² = .94)이었다. 운동강도는 초급자가 39.0 %VO₂max에서 91.5 %VO₂max 사이였고, 평균강도는 61.7%VO₂max 였다. 중급자는 52.5%VO₂max 에서 89.5%V0₂max 사이였고 평균강도는 69.5%VO₂max 였다.이러한 결과를 종합해 볼 때 피험자와 같은 학습자들을 위한 피겨 스케이팅의 운동강도는 최대 산소 섭취량을 기준으로 낮은 강도가 약 50% 이상, 높은 강도가 약 80% 이상 수준임을 알 수 있다. The aim of this research was to provide the degree of exercise intensity for the figure skate learning. In order to measure the exercise intensity in figure skating, we selected 20 subjects in Taegu city whose ages are from 10 to 22. The regression formula was made on the basis of HR and VO₂ which were obtained from the maximal work load test. HRs in each performance in the figure skating such as compulsory figure, step, spin, jump, crossing, and forward skating were measured, and in order to measure VO₂ and energy cost, they were applied to the regression.The results obtained in this research are as followings.1. The regression formula for the beginner`s class and trained class are Y=0.332525X - 23.930072 (r² = .92), and Y=0.398921X - 30.458237 (r² = .94) respectively.2. The exercise intensity for the beginners was between 38.97 %VO₂max and 91.53 %VO₂max, and the average was 61.73 % VO₂max.3. The exercise intensity for the trained was between 52.46 %VO₂max and 89.48 %VO₂max, and the average was 69.54 %VO₂max.From the above data, we can conclude that minimal exercise intensity should be about 50 %VO₂max and the maximal about 80 %VO₂max.
연비주행사이클의 냉간조건에서 엔진 냉각수 제어밸브 개폐에 따른 연료소비량 변화에 관한 실험적 연구
이창인(Changin Lee),송춘섭(Chunsub Song),한수지(Sooji Han) 한국자동차공학회 2019 한국자동차공학회 학술대회 및 전시회 Vol.2019 No.11
Fuel Consumption of vehicle is affected and determined by combustion efficiency of engine and friction of driveline. Specially, when vehicle is in a cold condition, the effect is much bigger owing to heat loss from low temperature of combustion chamber and friction from low temperature of engine oil and transmission oil. In this paper, one thing is found which control system would be more advantageous from a fuel consumption perspective, for coolant of cylinder head quickly warmed up in a cold condition between using the coolant to be increased temperature for high fuel efficiency and using the coolant to be reduced friction of engine oil and transmission oil through experimental method from NEDC, WLTC and UDDS. For this control, it’s realized through CCV which is adjusted flow path of coolant, and timing of open and close for CCV as per each test cycle is decided on 120℃ metal temperature of cylinder head. As a result of NEDC and WLTC, fuel consumption is improved on CCV close test right after test cycles begin. This is considered more beneficial that CCV close test in a cold condition increases temperature of combustion chamber, makes higher fuel efficiency, and decreases DFCO start timing from fast coolant temperature rise than CCV open test. At UDDS in a cold condition, fuel consumption according to CCV open and close shows less than the result of NEDC & WLTC. In case of UDDS, there are more of acceleration and high speed at the test cycle than NEDC & WLTC, therefore CCV opens fast, the time for high fuel efficiency period is short, and DFCO activated time is the same regardless of CCV open & close.
Micro-Structural Properties of YBa2Cu3O(7-x)/ZnO Nanorods on SrTiO3.
Jin, Zhenlan,Park, Changin,Song, Kyu Jeong,Kang, Sukil,Ko, Kyeong-Eun,Park, Chan,Ko, Rock Kil,Han, S W American Scientific Publishers 2015 Journal of nanoscience and nanotechnology Vol.15 No.1
<P>We examined the local structural and the interfacial properties of YBa2Cu3O7-x, (YBCO)/ZnO nanorods on SrTiO3 (STO) substrates using various measurements. Vertically aligned ZnO nanorods were synthesized on STO substrates using a catalyst-free metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. YBCO films were deposited ex-situ on the ZnO nanorods/STO templates using a DC magnetron sputtering deposition. X-ray diffraction revealed that the YBCO films were crystallized along their c-axes on the ZnO nanorods/STO templates. Transmission electron microscopy measurements demonstrated that YBCO filled the space between ZnO nanorods and that both interfaces of YBCO/ZnO nanorods and ZnO nanorods/STO were quite clean with no disorder. Polarization-dependent extended X-ray absorption fine structure measurements at the Cu K edge showed extra disorder in the CuO2 planes of YBCO/ZnO nanorods/STO, compared with that of YBCO/STO. The superconductivity transition temperature (T-c) of YBCO/ZnO nanorods/STO was approximately 50 K whereas that of YBCO/STO was 93 K. The decrease of T-c, of YBCO/ZnO nanorods/STO was ascribed to the structural disorder of CuO2 planes as well as grain boundaries in the YBCO films.</P>
Jeong, E S,Park, Changin,Jin, Zhenlan,Yoo, Jinkyoung,Yi, Gyu-Chul,Han, S W American Scientific Publishers 2013 Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Vol.13 No.3
<P>The orientation-dependent structural properties of Zn(1-x)Mg(x)O nanorods with different Mg concentrations were investigated quantitatively using polarization-dependent extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) measurements at the Zn K edge. Vertically-aligned Zn(1-x)Mg(x)O nanorods were synthesized on Si substrates using catalyst free metal organic chemical vapor deposition. Polarization-dependent EXAFS measurements showed that Mg ions mainly occupied the Zn sites of the nanorods. EXAFS revealed that the distance between Zn-Mg pairs in all directions is - 0.2 angstroms shorter than that of Zn-Zn pairs and that there is a substantial amount of disorder in the Mg sites of the nanorods, independent of Mg concentrations.</P>