Inhibition of NF-κB-induced inflammatory responses by angiotensin II antagonists in aged rat kidney

Kim, J.M.,Heo, H.S.,Choi, Y.J.,Ye, B.H.,Mi Ha, Y.,Seo, A.Y.,Yu, B.P.,Leeuwenburgh, C.,Chung, H.Y.,Carter, C.S. Pergamon Press ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2011 Experimental Gerontology Vol.46 No.7

In this study, we explored the mechanisms by which the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI), enalapril, and the Ang II receptor blocker (ARB), losartan suppress oxidative stress and NF-κB activation-induced inflammatory responses in aged rat kidney. The experimentations were carried out utilizing aged (24-month-old) Brown NorwayxFischer 344 (F1) male rats which were randomized into 3 groups and administered enalapril (40mg/kg), losartan (30mg/kg) or placebo for 6months (daily p.o.). The level of reactive species (RS), peroxynitrite (ONOO<SUP>-</SUP>), GSH/GSSG and lipid peroxidation were measured. The activity of the pro-inflammatory transcription factor NF-κB, and gene expression of proteins in upstream signaling cascades were measured by electro-mobility shift assay (EMSA) and Western blotting. Enalapril and losartan differentially attenuated redox imbalance and the redox-sensitive transcription factor, the NF-κB pathway. Furthermore, stimulation of the NF-κB activation pathway by phosphorylation of p65 was attenuated by both compounds. Moreover, mediation of phosphorylation of p65 by phosphorylation of IκB kinase αβ (IKKαβ) and mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinase-1 (MSK-1), were also inhibited by enalapril and losartan. Finally, both compounds also lowered expression of NF-κB-dependent inflammatory genes, such as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and inducible NO synthase (iNOS). Only losartan lowered levels of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX). These findings indicate that enalapril and losartan differentially suppress inflammatory responses via inhibition of oxidative stress-induced NF-κB activation in aged rat kidney.

HITEM을 이용한 GaAs 기울임입계 구조 연구

조남희,C. B. Carter 한국결정학회 1995 韓國結晶學會誌 Vol.6 No.2

Ge bicrystal 기판 위에 OMVPE 기법을 이용하여 GaAs 에피층을 성장시킴으로써 특정한 교차각을 갖는 GaAs 기울임입계를 제조하였다. 또한 (110) Ge 기판 위에 성장된 GaAs 에피층 내의 쌍정들로부터 ∑ =9 기울임입계들이 생성되었다. 고분해 투과전자현미경을 이용하여 1차 및 2차 쌍정계면들의 구조적 특징들을 고찰하였다. 입계에서의 결합극성은 특정한 회절조건에서 입계 양쪽의 입자로부터 기록된 (200) 수렴성 빔 디스크 내의 HOLZ 선 콘트라스트를 응용하여 파악하였으며, 원자컬럼이나 채널등과 상관된 구조상 콘트라스트 양태를 동일한 사진 내의 1차 쌍정계면 거울면의 콘트라스트로부터 파악하였다. ∑ =9, (115)/(111)[110] 기울입입계는 5-6-7- 모서리 링으로 구성된 단위구조를 나타내며, 입계 양쪽에 놓인 입자들은 입계에서 anti-site type cross-boundary bonding의 분율이 최소화되도록 배향되어 있다. GaAs tilt grain boundaries were propared by growing GaAs epilayers on Ge bicrystals by an organometallic vapor phase epitaxy (OMVPE) method ∑ =9 tilt grain boundaries were produced when two different first-order twin boundaries interacted with one another in GaAs epilayers. Structural investigations were performed for the coherent and second-order twin boundaries of GaAs by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Polarities of cross-boundary bondings were determined from the high-order Laue zone (HOLZ) lines in the (200) convergent beam disks : these were recorded from the two grains on either side of the boundaries, respectively, at particular diffraction conditions.

Structural Features of Tilt Grain Boundaries in GaAs Thin Films

Cho, N . H .,Carter, C . B . 대한금속재료학회(대한금속학회) 2000 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.6 No.3

∑=3 (11￣ 5￣)_A/(11￣ 1￣)_B, ∑=19 (22￣ 7￣)_A/(41￣5)_B, and low-angle tilt grain boundaries in GaAs thin films were investigated by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Models for the atomic structure of the boundaries are proposed in this study. The structural unit for the boundaries consists of 5- and 7-member rings. 'The polarity of the grain on either side of the boundaries was confirmed by the convergent beam electron diffraction method. { 110} low-angle tilt grain boundaries were observed to consist of a/2$lt;110$gt; edge dislocations. Anti-site type bonds are present at the core of the dislocations.

Saline-Coupled Bipolar Sealing in Simultaneous Bilateral Total Knee Arthroplasty

Atul F. Kamath,Daniel C. Austin,Peter B. Derman,R. Carter Clement,Jonathan P. Garino,Gwo-Chin Lee 대한정형외과학회 2014 Clinics in Orthopedic Surgery Vol.6 No.3

Background: The efficacy of saline-coupled bipolar sealing devices in joint arthroplasty is uncertain, and the utility in simultaneous bilateral total knee arthroplasty (TKA) has not been reported. Methods: This study compares the use of bipolar sealing and conventional electrocautery in 71 consecutive patients. The experimental and control groups were matched for age, sex, body mass index, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification, and preoperative hemoglobin. Variables of interest included blood loss, transfusion requirements, and operative characteristics. Results: In comparison to patients treated with conventional electrocautery, those treated with the bipolar sealer were 35% less likely to require transfusion. The median number of transfusions per case was also significantly lower in the experimental group. Hemoglobin change, total blood loss, and length of stay were not significantly different between the groups. The experimental group had longer operative times. Conclusions: Bipolar sealing shows promise as a blood loss reduction tool in simultaneous bilateral TKA. The marginal savings attributed to reduced transfusion rates with use of the bipolar sealer did not exceed the additional per-case expense of using the device. The decision to use the device with the goal of less blood loss must come with the additional expense associated with its use.

Blood Transfusion Rates as a Primary Outcome Measure: The Use of Predetermined Triggers and Display of Clinical Indications in Providing Accurate Comparative Transfusion Rates: In Reply

Atul F. Kamath,Daniel C. Austin,Peter B. Derman,R. Carter Clement,Jonathan P. Garino,Gwo-Chin Lee 대한정형외과학회 2017 Clinics in Orthopedic Surgery Vol.9 No.1

We thank the readers for their letter to the editor, and for interest in our manuscript published in 2014. Issues surrounding blood management continue to be an important part of the global care of total joint arthroplasty patients as we move into 2017. In addition to our group’s multiple studies on the use of bipolar sealing devices in joint arthroplasty, 1,2) we continue to examine our blood management and transfusion practices. We now routinely employ the use of tranexamic acid, which has further allowed a reduction in transfusion requirements. This may account for some of the differences between contemporary rates of transfusion, and historical rates presented before the routine use of tranexamic acid. We thank the readers for inquiring about the transfusion reduction rates as presented in our manuscript. The absolute reduction in transfusion rate was 83% to 55%, a difference of 28% points. The relative reduction as a percentage of the original transfusion rate of 83% would be approximately 35%. In a simpler comparison, for example, if the transfusion rate was reduced from 10% to 5%, we would have stated that there was an absolute reduction of 5% but a 50% reduction from the baseline rate (5%/10% = 0.5). In our manuscript, we acknowledge some of the limitations discussed by the readers’ letter to the editor. This study was not a prospective randomized controlled trial, and therefore issues of blinding and randomization do not apply. Rather, our study has important applications for real-world transfusion scenarios based on clinical scenario and patient comorbid conditions. We thank the readers for sharing their own data and algorithm for management, which, like our practice, involves careful evaluation of “comorbidity and cardiorespiratory risk, ongoing blood loss, and symptoms related to anaemia.” Likewise, confounders of age and dilutional anaemia are important considerations in any study of blood management, but are not controlled for in our clinical practice review. Again, we thank the readers for their letter to the editor, as well as their own institutional efforts to examine transfusion thresholds, understand adjunctive tools in blood management, and further the perioperative care of total joint patients.

[재료]투과전자현미경을 이용한 GaAs의 면결함 구조 연구

조남희(N. H. Cho),홍국선(Kug Sun Hong),C. B. Carter 한국분석과학회 1992 분석과학 Vol.5 No.1

MODIFIED VACUOLE PHENOTYPE1 Is an Arabidopsis Myrosinase-Associated Protein Involved in Endomembrane Protein Trafficking

Agee, A.E.,Surpin, M.,Sohn, E.J.,Girke, T.,Rosado, A.,Kram, B.W.,Carter, C.,Wentzell, A.M.,Kliebenstein, D.J.,Jin, H.C. AMERICAN SOCIETY OF PLANT BIOLOGISTS 2010 PLANT PHYSIOLOGY - Vol.152 No.1