Changing China`s Steel Industry -in the New Normal

( Dr. Byung-kuk Ahn ) 포스코경영연구원(구 포스코경영연구소) 2016 Asian Steel Watch Vol.1 No.-

Xin chang tai (新常?) is the term that most accurately characterizes China’s economy today. It is a literal translation of the English term new normal, meaning “a new state of normality.”After reform and opening up, China’s economy maintained a double-digit annual growth rate for decades, then slowed to around 7% in 2012. Chinese authorities have described this as the “new normal”state, to which they intend to adjust China’s economic policy. <p>China’s new normal does not mean abandonment of growth, but rather a transition to a new way of growth. Changes in China’s economic fundamentals have confronted China’s steel industry with “new normal”market environment and structures. The industry has set out in search of new solutions.</p> <p>24 Changing China’s Steel Industry in the New Normal (Dr. Ahn, Byung-kuk) 30 China's Steel Enters a “Peak Zone“: Arguments and Projections (Choi, Young-hun) 36 The Impact of China’s Early “Peak Steel“and Scrap Generation on Steel Raw Materials Prices (Dr. Jin-Seok Huh) 42 China's Steel Exports, Reaching 100 Mt: What It Means to Asia and Beyond (Dr. Chung, Cheol-Ho, Dr. Nam, Dae-yub) 48 Dilemmas in Restructuring China’s Steel Industry (Dr. Li Wan-Yong) 54 Chinese View on the New Normal (Li Xinchuang, President of MPI) (Dr. Li Xinchuang)</p>

전통누룩 진균류를 이용한 입국의 제조 및 입국곰팡이의 동정

김재호 ( Jae Ho Kim ),권영희 ( Young Hee Kwon ),이애란 ( Ae Ran Lee ),김혜련 ( Hye Ryun Kim ),안병학 ( Byung Hak Ahn ) 한국균학회 2012 韓國菌學會誌 Vol.40 No.4

다양한 향미를 가진 막걸리의 개발을 위해 전통누룩으로부터 분리한 곰팡이로 입국을 제조한 후 품질특성을 분석하여 입국의 규격에 적합하며 이취가 없고 관능이 우수한 9균주를 입국 제조용 우수균주로 최종 선발하였다. 선발된 균주는 Aspergillus oryzae(C1-5-2-2, C20-7-3, CN1.3.1-4, CN16.19.1-1, N152-1, N220-1), Mycocladus corymbiferus (N162-2), Rhizopus oryzae(N20), Lichtheimia corymbifera (N21)로 동정되었으며, 제조한 입국의 산도는 5.0~6.8, 당화력은 128~241sp이었다. Various koji were prepared by fungi isolated from traditional nuruk and their quality characteristics were investigated. Acidity and saccharification power of their koji were ranged in 5.0~6.8 and 128sp~241sp. Nine fungi which were showed good quality and sensory evaluation were identified by analysis of their nucleotide sequences with PCR-amplified 18S rDNA internal transcribed spacer-1(ITS-1) and ITS-4 genes. Among them, six strains were identified as Aspergillus oryzae and the other strains were identified as Mycocladus corymbiferus, Rhizopus oryzae, Lichtheimia corymbifera.

Antitumor activities of some natural and synthetic flavones against L1210 and S-180

Ahn, Byung Zun 한국균학회 1987 韓國菌學會誌 Vol.15 No.3

In the course of searching potential antitumor agents from the plant or animal drugs, it was found that the root preparation of Scutellaria baicalensis showed a good cytotoxic activity against L1210 cell. Bioassy-combined column chromatographic fractionation resulted in isolation of the pure cytotoxic substances, which proved to be 5,2'-dihydroxy-6,7,8,6'-tetra-methoxyflavone(ED 50=1.7 ㎍/㎖, skullcapflavone II) and 5,6,7-trihydroxy-flavone(ED 50=15.0 ㎍/㎖, baicalein)(1). The activity of skullcapflavone II was confirmed through synthesis. At the same time we have synthesized a series of the analog flavones and tested their cytotoxicities against the cell(2). Of the flavone synthesized 5,2',6'-trihydroxy-6,7,8-trimethoxy-(ED 50=4.5 ㎍/㎖) and 5-hydroxy-6,7,8-trimethoxy-2'-benzyloxyflavones(ED50=15.4 ㎍/㎖) are active. The ratio(logmm/logmm) of the UV-absorbancies of band I to band II of the flavones were corelated to the activities of the flavones. Only the flavones showing the ratio range of 1.073-1.109 were cytotoxic, what means that a certain conformation between the ring C and B of the flavones is required for the cytotoxic activity. To find an essential structural part for the activity we have modified the structure of baicalein. The 6,7-dimethylated baicalein was hydroxylated per the modified Elb's persulfate oxidation to obtain 5,8-dihydroxy-6,7-dimethoxyflavone(ED 50=7.5 ㎍/㎖) which was the only active substance among the modified structures. Under the flavones studied, no structure-activity-relation was observable. However, the presence of the peroxygenated A-ring seems to be necessary for the activity. In an early work(3) we have found that 7-geranylcoumarin was cytotoxic against L1210 cell. The cytotoxic part of the structure was proven to be geraniol. In order to observe the possible enhancement of the activity, the twin compounds between the cytotoxic flavones and geraniol were synthesized and their cytotoxicities tested(4). The introduction of the geranyl group to the analogs of skullcapflavone II or to wogonin reduced the activity(ED 50=4.5 ㎍/㎖ of 5,2',6'-trihydroxy-6,7,8-trimethoxyflavone → ED 50=8.5 ㎍/㎖ of 5,2'-dihydroxy-6,7,8-trimethoxy-6'-geranyloxyflavone) or kept it unchanged(ED 50=17.0 ㎍/㎖ of 5,2'-dihydroxy-6,7,8-trimethoxy-6'-benzyloxyflavone → ED 50=14.0 ㎍/㎖ of 5-hydroxy-6,7,8-trimethoxy-2'-benzyloxy-6' -geranyloxyflavone, ED 50=15.0 ㎍/㎖ of 5,7-dihydroxy-8-methoxyflavone → ED 50=20.0 ㎍/㎖ of 5 -hydroxy-7-geranlyoxy-8-rnethoxyflavone. In the contrast, the geranylation of the haicalein series enhances the activity(ED 50=15.0 ㎍/㎖ of 5,6,7-trihydroxyflavone → ED 50=2.3 ㎍/㎖ of 5,6-dihydroxy-7-geranyloxyflavone). Skullcapflavone II was administered intraperitoneally to the S-180 inoculated ICR and L1210 cell inoculated BDFl mice and the prolongation of their life span observed. The same was carried out for baicalein and 7-geranylbaicalein. Intraperitoneal injection of 40 ㎎/㎏ of skullcapflavone II has prolonged the life span of S-180 inoculated ICR mice by 66% and of the L1210 inoculated BDFl mice by 22%, respecively. 10 ㎎/㎏ administration of baicalein and 7-geranylbaicalein has prolonged the life span of S-180 inoculated ICR mice by 26 and 44%, respectively. The ICR mice were inoculated with 1 × 10 S-180 cells at the left groin. 24hr after the tumor inoculation skullcapflavone II were injected around the inoculation point once a day for successive 7 days. 40 ㎎/㎏ administration have inhibitted the growth of the S-180 solid tumor by 71%. Of 16 mice treated six animals carried no tumor. (1) S.H. Ryu, B.Z. Ahn and M.Y. Pack, Planta Medica 1985, 355. (2) S.H. Ryu, B.T. Yoo, B.Z. Ahn and M.Y. Pack, Archiv der Pharmazie(Weinheim) 318. 659(1985). (3) K.S. Kang, S.H. Ryu and B.Z. Ahn, Arch. Pharm. Res., 8, 187(1985). (4) K.U. Baik and B.Z. Ahn, Arch. Pharm(Weinheim) 1987 in press.

Biodegradable and Non-biodegradable Plastics in Super mealworms (Zophobas morio)

Byung Kook Ahn(Byung Kook Ahn),Jaewook Myung(Jaewook Myung) 유기성자원학회 2022 유기성자원학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.2022 No.추계

Due to growing plastic pollution, biodegradable plastics have become a popular alternative to plastics. Despite its name “biodegradable”, some biodegradable plastics are easily biodegradable only under certain system, like composting conditions or anaerobic digestion. Even that they are not biodegradable particularly in marine and soil environments. Recent work has found that mealworms eat and decompose several plastics. To determine whether biodegradable plastics may be suitable to biodegradation within mealworms, we evaluated the fate of PLA, TPS, PBS and PBAT, comparing with non-bidodegradable plastics. We find that the biodegradable plastics biodegrade like non-biodegarable plastics. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography, and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy were used to obtain quantitative biodegradabilities of the biodegradable plastics in mealworm guts.

A Literature Analysis on Medicinal Use and Research of Cannabis in the Meiji Era of Japan

Ahn, Byung-Soo,Kang, Seokhyun,Lee, Kyung Hoon,Kim, Seoyoon,Park, Jin Sung,Seo, Hyung-Sik KOREAN PHARMACOPUNCTURE INSTITUTE 2020 Journal of pharmacopuncture Vol.23 No.3

Cannabis is a historical plant which has been used as a medicine in East Asia. These days, there are active debates about using cannabis in clinical field. Collecting and comparing cannabis research articles which had been published in the Opening of Japan to spot the interactions between the traditional medicine of Japan, Rangaku which was established in Edo Period and the European medicine which is transferred after Perry Expedition is academically meaningful. This study searched publications, which were listed on Open-Access databases by Dec. 11^th, 2019. We collected research articles which had been published from January 3^rd, 1867 to July 30^th, 1912 also known as Meiji era and uploaded on OpenAccess databases. Our searching databases were J-stage, CiNii (Scholarly and Academic Information Navigator), Tokyo Metropolitan Library, The National Diet Library, IRDB (Institutional Repositories DataBase) and KAKEN (Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research Database). Searching keywords were cannabis, hemp and all their Japanese synonyms and available combinations. We selected final 15 studies which met every selection criteria in the 346,393 collected studies. Cannabis was prescribed in Meiji era of Japan to alleviate pain and cure the digestive, respiratory, urinary, and nervous system diseases such as indigestion, asthma, tuberculosis, gonorrhea and its complications, insomnia, and nervous prostration. Cannabis was medically used in Meiji era of Japan and the reporting and sharing of its clinical effect was published on the medical journals like present days. There were already Cannabis regulations in that era, but its medicinal use was more liberated than nowadays. It may be a chance to reconsider the current legal system, which strictly controls the use of Cannabis.

Poster Session 1 : DNA Replication, Recombination, and Repair Transcription, RNA Processing and Translation ; Unraveling the coordination of WRN helicase activity in BER repair

( Byung Chan Ahn ),( Jeanine A. Harrigan ),( David M. Wilson III ),( Vilhelm A. Bohr ) 한국생화학분자생물학회 (구 한국생화학회) 2004 생화학분자생물학회 춘계학술발표논문집 Vol.2004 No.-

Twilight

Ahn, Byung Taek 한국콘텐츠학회 2012 ICCC International Digital Design Invitation Exhib Vol.8 No.2

Effective Estimation Method of Routing Congestion at Floorplan Stage for 3D ICs

Ahn, Byung-Gyu,Kim, Jae-Hwan,Li, Wenrui,Chong, Jong-Wha The Institute of Electronics and Information Engin 2011 Journal of semiconductor technology and science Vol.11 No.4

Higher integrated density in 3D ICs also brings the difficulties of routing, which can cause the routing failure or re-design from beginning. Hence, precise congestion estimation at the early physical design stage such as floorplan is beneficial to reduce the total design time cost. In this paper, an effective estimation method of routing congestion is proposed for 3D ICs at floorplan stage. This method uses synthesized virtual signal nets, power/ground network and clock network to achieve the estimation. During the synthesis, the TSV location is also under consideration. The experiments indicate that our proposed method had small difference with the estimation result got at the post-placement stage. Furthermore, the comparison of congestion maps obtained with our method and global router demonstrates that our estimation method is able to predict the congestion hot spots accurately.

Hyundai`s FCEV : A Pathway to New Possibilities

Byung Ki Ahn(안병기) 한국자동차공학회 2014 한국자동차공학회 Workshop Vol.2014 No.9

Effect of Sophora japonica Extract on Lipid Content in High Fat Diet Fed Rats

Byung-Yong Ahn,Sung-Jin Park 한국응용생명화학회 2009 Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry (J. Appl. Vol.52 No.2

The effect of hot water extract of Sophora japonica Linne (Koehwa) flower on lipid content were studied in terms of hematological variables in rats fed with high fat diet. Experimental rats were divided into basal diet only (BDG), high fat diet control (FDC), high fat diet and 6% Sophora japonica extract powder (FD6S), and high fat diet and 12% Sophora japonica extract powder (FD12S) groups. The levels of hematological variables were not significantly different among the four groups, whereas transferrin concentration and glutamic oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) activity in serum metabolic variables were significantly different. Transferrin concentration was higher in the FD6S and FD12S groups than in BDG and FDC groups. FD6S and FD12S groups showed significantly lower level of GOT activity. Total cholesterol levels of FD6S and FD12S groups were 220.38 and 205.02 mg/dL in the serum, respectively. Total cholesterol levels of FD6S and FD12S groups were lower than that of FDC group (341.38 mg/dL) and the same level as that of FDG group (216.18 mg/dL). HDL- and LDL-cholesterol levels of FDC group were 26.84 and 62.91 mg/dL, whereas those of FD12S group were 38.02 and 44.16 mg/dL. Supplementation of 12% Koehwa extract powder remarkably increased HDL-cholesterol level and greatly decreased LDLcholesterol level. Atherogenic indices in FD6S and FD12S groups were significantly lower than those of yje FDG group. The FD12S group supplemented with Koehwa extract showed lower triglyceride concentration than that of the FDC group. These results suggested that dietary supplementation of Koehwa extracts did not have any adversary effect on the hematological variables, but improved the lipid content and reduced hepatic damage of the high fat fed rats. The effect of hot water extract of Sophora japonica Linne (Koehwa) flower on lipid content were studied in terms of hematological variables in rats fed with high fat diet. Experimental rats were divided into basal diet only (BDG), high fat diet control (FDC), high fat diet and 6% Sophora japonica extract powder (FD6S), and high fat diet and 12% Sophora japonica extract powder (FD12S) groups. The levels of hematological variables were not significantly different among the four groups, whereas transferrin concentration and glutamic oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) activity in serum metabolic variables were significantly different. Transferrin concentration was higher in the FD6S and FD12S groups than in BDG and FDC groups. FD6S and FD12S groups showed significantly lower level of GOT activity. Total cholesterol levels of FD6S and FD12S groups were 220.38 and 205.02 mg/dL in the serum, respectively. Total cholesterol levels of FD6S and FD12S groups were lower than that of FDC group (341.38 mg/dL) and the same level as that of FDG group (216.18 mg/dL). HDL- and LDL-cholesterol levels of FDC group were 26.84 and 62.91 mg/dL, whereas those of FD12S group were 38.02 and 44.16 mg/dL. Supplementation of 12% Koehwa extract powder remarkably increased HDL-cholesterol level and greatly decreased LDLcholesterol level. Atherogenic indices in FD6S and FD12S groups were significantly lower than those of yje FDG group. The FD12S group supplemented with Koehwa extract showed lower triglyceride concentration than that of the FDC group. These results suggested that dietary supplementation of Koehwa extracts did not have any adversary effect on the hematological variables, but improved the lipid content and reduced hepatic damage of the high fat fed rats.