EU FP6 Welfare Quality^® Poultry Assessment Systems

Butterworth, A. The Korean Society of Poultry Science 2009 韓國家禽學會誌 Vol.36 No.3

동물복지는 유럽의 소비자들과 시민들에게 상당히 중요하다는 것이 최근의 여론조사에서 확인되었다. 동물복지는 개별동물의 특성이라는 것 때문에 연구자들 뿐만 아니라 다른 사람들도 동물에 근거한 평가기준 (동물에서 측정된 척도, 예를 들면, 동물의 건강과 행동)이 동물복지의 타당한 표식이 될 수 있다고 오래 동안 제안해왔다. 그러므로 복지의 평가기준은 필수적으로 동물을 사용한 평가 척도에 바탕을 둘 수 있으며, 반면에 자원을 근거로 한 평가 기준은 위해요소들을 평가할 수 있는 능력을 제공한다. 이 계획의 첫 번째 목표는 복지를 감시하는 체계를 개발하여 복지의 척도를 접근 가능하고 이해할 수 있는 정보로의 표준화된 변환을 통하여 복지의 상태를 평가할 수 있게 하는 것이다. 한편 얻어진 정보는 동물시설 관리자들에게 제공되어 동물복지의 상태에 대하여 알게 하며, 또 다른 한편으로는 소비자와 소매상에게 동물 관련 제품의 복지 상태에 대한 정보를 제공한다. 두 번째 목표는, 유해한 행동적 및 생리적인 사태의 발생을 최소화하고, 인간과 동물간의 관계를 향상시키며, 그리고 동물에게 안전하고 흥미로운 환경을 제공함으로써, 동물의 복지를 향상시키는 것이다. 포함되어야 할 복지에 대한 다른 측정 가능한 양상들은 복지의 표준들로 변환된다. 이들은, 동물복지과학으로 이해되는 것처럼, 동물에게 의미 있는 것을 반영한다. 일단 동물시설에 대한 모든 평가척도들이 측정되면, 그 시설물의 동물복지에 대한 전반적인 평가를 수행하기 위한 상향식 접근이 있게 된다. 먼저 수집된 자료 (즉, 그 동물 시설에 대한 다른 척도로 얻어진 수치) 는 합쳐져서 표준 점수가 계산된다. 그리고 나서 표준점수는 합쳐져서 원칙 점수가 계산되며, 마지막으로, 얻어진 원칙 점수에 따라서 그 동물 시설에 대한 복지의 범주가 정해진다. Animal welfare is of considerable importance to European consumers and citizens, this being most recently confirmed in EU barometer studies. Researchers and others have long proposed that animal-based measures (measures taken on animals, e.g. their health and behaviour) can provide a valid indicator of animal welfare; since welfare is a characteristic of the individual animal. Therefore, a welfare assessment can be essentially based on animal-based measures, but with use of resource measures to provide the capacity to assess 'risk factors'. The first goal of this project was to develop a welfare monitoring system that enables assessment of welfare status through standardised conversion of welfare measures into accessible and understandable information. The acquired information on one hand provides feedback to animal unit managers about the welfare status of their animals, and on the other, information on the welfare status of animal-related products for consumers and retailers. The second goal of Welfare $Quality^{(R)}$ was to improve animal welfare by minimising the occurrence of harmful behavioural and physiological states, improving human-animal relationships, and providing animals with safe and stimulating environments. The different measurable aspects of welfare to be covered are turned into welfare criteria. The criteria reflect what is meaningful to animals as understood by animal welfare science. Once all the measures have been performed on an animal unit, a bottom-up approach is followed to produce an overall assessment of animal welfare on that particular unit: first the data collected (i.e. values obtained for the different measures on the animal unit) are combined to calculate criterion-scores; then criterion-scores are combined to calculate principle-scores; and finally the animal unit is assigned to a welfare category according to the principle-scores it obtained.

Early Childhood Education in Australia and Korea: a comparative study

Butterworth, Dawn,Lee, Yun-Sup 中央大學校 韓國敎育問題硏究所 1998 韓國敎育問題硏究所論文集 Vol.- No.13

[미국] 고용에서의 협력관계(partnership): 청소년과 청년들을 위한 구조 변화를 유도하는 강력한 연합의 구성

Butterworth, Johna,Christensen, Julieb,Flippo, Karena 한국장애인고용공단 고용개발원 2018 연구자료 Vol.2018 No.1

ED FP6 Welfare Quality<SUP>?</SUP> Poultry Assessment Systems

A. Butterworth 韓國家禽學會 2009 韓國家禽學會誌 Vol.36 No.3

새로운 힘: 물리학에 업데이트가 필요한 시점

존 버터워스(Jon Butterworth) 유니콘웨일 2023 BBC science Vol.2023 No.12

[COMMENT] W 보손: 지금까지의 물리학이 무너지고 있나?

존 버터워스(Jon Butterworth) 유니콘웨일 2022 BBC science Vol.2022 No.7

Early Childhood Education in Australia and Korea : a comparative study

Yun-Sub Lee,Dawn Butterworth 중앙대학교 한국교육문제연구소 1998 한국교육문제연구 Vol.- No.13

Poster Session:PS 0219 ; Gastroenterology : Endoscopic Mucosal Resection in the Treatment of High Grade Dysplasia`s and T1 Tumours of the Oesophagus

( Harshadkumar Rajgor ),( Jeff Butterworth ) 대한내과학회 2014 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2014 No.1

Background: Barretts oesophagus increases the risk of developing oesophageal adenocarcinoma. Over the last 40 years there has been a 6 fold increase in the incidence of oesophageal adenocarcinoma and the incidence rates are increasing at a greater rate than cancers of the colon, breast and lung. Endoscopic mucosal resection is a relatively new technique being used by 2 centres in the greater midlands cancer network. EMR can be used for curative or staging purposes, for high grade dysplasia`s and T1 tumours of the oesophagus. EMR is also suitable for those who are deemed high risk for oesophagectomy EMR has a recurrence rate of 21%. Methods: A retrospective study of prospectively collected data was carried out involving 24 patients who had EMR for curative or staging purposes. Data was collected on effective communication with patients regarding diagnosis and treatment, continuity of care and the use of multidisciplinary teams in managing these patients. The long term effi cacy, cost and complication rates of EMR were considered. Complications included suspicion of residual or recurrent disease that required further treatment with radio frequency ablation. Results: 92% of patients had a confirmed pathological diagnosis prior to endoscopic therapy or oesophagectomy. In 54% of cases residual or recurrent disease was suspected. Conclusions: EMR is a safe and effective treatment for patients who have high grade dysplasia and T1NO tumours. In 54% of cases residual or recurrent disease was suspected. These fi gures are most likely due to the technical skills of the endoscopist and the variability of results depending on endoscopist experience. Initially multiple resection attempts were carried out to reduce the risk of complications such as oesophageal perforation. As familiarity with the EMR increased the recurrence rate of disease was signifi cantly reduced.

The Definition of Fire Resistance Requirements for Stadium and Arena Developments Based on Risk

Florian M. Block,Neal A. Butterworth 한국강구조학회 2009 International Journal of Steel Structures Vol.9 No.1

In the United Kingdom, as in most other countries, the required fire resistance period of a building is traditionally given by the recommendations of prescriptive documents, such as the Approved Document B, depending on the usage and the height of the building. However, for large developments like stadia and arenas, which involve different usages such as assembly, office and retail facilities in combination with a very large number of people and the significance of this type of structure to the communities, these simple rules given in the prescriptive guidance to fire safety are not applicable. Furthermore, structural fire protection forms a significant part of the cost of a structure and also plays a significant part in the environmental impact and the embodied energy. Therefore, a risk based approach to the fire resistance requirements of large stadia and arenas has been developed and validated in this paper to ensure that the appropriate standard of safety is achieved in the most appropriate and economic manner. The approach allows a detailed assessment of the risk of failure of individual elements of structure and structural systems in a stadium rather than specifying a single fire resistance period for the whole building, which might be overly conservative for some members, but potentially unsafe for critical elements. The approach also allows for investigating the influence of individual parameters such as management, and the fire load. The method ensures that all three risk parameters i.e. frequency, probability, consequence will be assessed for the different structural elements based on available data from similar buildings, calculations and experiences. It could be shown that the proposed method gives consistent and comparable results for office, retail and assembly buildings, if compared with the recommendations given in the British Standard BS9999. It should be noted that the approach is based on the principles of risk; however it is semi-quantitative, and as a result contains some subjectivity. Therefore, it is important that the results are assessed for consistency and that they are logical and explainable. In the United Kingdom, as in most other countries, the required fire resistance period of a building is traditionally given by the recommendations of prescriptive documents, such as the Approved Document B, depending on the usage and the height of the building. However, for large developments like stadia and arenas, which involve different usages such as assembly, office and retail facilities in combination with a very large number of people and the significance of this type of structure to the communities, these simple rules given in the prescriptive guidance to fire safety are not applicable. Furthermore, structural fire protection forms a significant part of the cost of a structure and also plays a significant part in the environmental impact and the embodied energy. Therefore, a risk based approach to the fire resistance requirements of large stadia and arenas has been developed and validated in this paper to ensure that the appropriate standard of safety is achieved in the most appropriate and economic manner. The approach allows a detailed assessment of the risk of failure of individual elements of structure and structural systems in a stadium rather than specifying a single fire resistance period for the whole building, which might be overly conservative for some members, but potentially unsafe for critical elements. The approach also allows for investigating the influence of individual parameters such as management, and the fire load. The method ensures that all three risk parameters i.e. frequency, probability, consequence will be assessed for the different structural elements based on available data from similar buildings, calculations and experiences. It could be shown that the proposed method gives consistent and comparable results for office, retail and assembly buildings, if compared with the recommendations given in the British Standard BS9999. It should be noted that the approach is based on the principles of risk; however it is semi-quantitative, and as a result contains some subjectivity. Therefore, it is important that the results are assessed for consistency and that they are logical and explainable.

Electric field induced second harmonic generation on 1-D diffusion flames

Jin Park,Jinwoo Son,Thomas D. Butterworth,Min Suk Cha 한국연소학회 2022 KOSCOSYMPOSIUM논문집 Vol.2022 No.5

Applying an electric field to a flame mobilizes ions and electrons generated in the reaction zone, resulting in the modifications of the flame characteristics and applied field. The total electric field measurement can determine the modified flame structure and ion distribution. We employed the EFISH technique, a high spatial resolution laser diagnostic, on the counterflow diffusion flames. Here, we presented the derived space charge density and electric potential with the measured electric field results.