Phylogeny, distribution and evolution of the filamentous Red Algae: Polysiphonia sensu lato (Rhodomelaceae, Rhodophyta)

Danilo Edson Bustamante Mostajo? Chosun University Graduate School 2015 국내박사

붉은실속 (Polysiphonia) sensu lato는 열대, 온대, 한대지역에서 남극에 가까운 지역, 그리고 맹그로브 (mangrove)가 서식하고 있는 담해수 지역까지도 매우 광범위 하게 분포하고 있는 그룹이다. 2003년부터 2015년까지 총 16개국, 156개의 채집지로부터 채집된 1088개의 붉은실속 (Polysiphonia) sensu lato 샘플들을 형태적, 분자적 연구를 수행한 결과 이들은 총 15개의 속으로 분류되었다 (Boergeseniella, Bryocladia, Diplocladia, Dorsisiphonia, Hapterosiphonia, Lampisiphonia, Lepto-siphonia, Neosiphonia, Neostreblocladia, Phillipsiphonia, Polyostea, Polysipho-nia sensu stricto, Streblocladia, Tolypiocladia, Vertebrata, Wilsonosiphonia). 이 중 형태학적 특징들과 분자분석 방법의 최대우도추정법 (Maximum likelihood)과 베이시안 네트워크 분석 (Bayesian analyses)의 높은 bootstrap value에 기반하여 Dorsisiphonia, Hapterosiphonia, Neostreblocladia, Phillipsiphonia, Wilsonosi-phonia 5개의 속이 신속으로 추가되었고, 식별형질이 명확하지 않았던 Leptosiphonia 속의 형질들을 추가하여 속의 범위를 더 광범위하게 한정하였고, Polystea 속을 다시 부활시켰다. 따라서, Polysiphonia sensu lato 그룹 내에서 총 16개의 신종과 31개의 new combination을 제안하였다. Neosiphonia 속은 3개의 세포로 구성된 조과사를 가진다는 점에서 Polysiphonia 속으로부터 분리되었다. 그 중, 4개의 주심세포와 피층세포를 가지는 6개의 Neosiphonia 종들은 Neosiphonia harveyi complex 그룹으로 보고 되어왔다. 본 연구에서는 형태적으로 종을 구분하는 뚜렷한 형질은 나타나지 않지만 유전적인 염기서열 사이에서는 뚜렷이 구분되는 이 종들의 분류학적 위치를 규명하고 그 종들의 진화를 연구하기 위해 전 세계에서 채집된 Neosiphonia harveyi complex에 속하는 표본들을 엽록체의 rbcL 유전자와 미토콘드리아의 cox1 유전자로 염기서열을 분석하였다. 그 결과, 종 수준으로는 N. harveyi와 “P. strictissima” 두 종이 Neosiphonia harveyi complex 내에 존재하는 것으로 분석되었다. 유전적으로 6개의 분류군으로 구성되었던 N. harveyi는 DNA-based delimitation models 분석방법에 의해 아종 (subspecies)의 범위로 한정하였다. 또한, rbcL과 cox1의 염기서열 자료의 치환비율을 이용하여 이들 종들이 계통지리학적으로 언제, 어디에서 기원하였는지 알아보기 위하여 divergence time을 측정해 본 결과, 이 종들은 Iceland에서 홍적세 빙기가 널리 퍼지기 이전인 무빙극 시대였던 약 700,000년 전에 동아시아 (한국과 일본)로부터 기원하여 북대서양으로 이동을 한 것으로 분석되었다. 이러한 결과에 반해, 몇몇 Polysiphonia와 같은 종들은 외래종이나 도입종으로써 인식되어 왔고 본 연구에서 Neosiphonia haveryi subsp. harveyi, Neosiphonia harveyi subsp. japonica, Neosiphonia echinata, Pterosiphonia arenosa, Womersleyella indica sp. nov. 는 전 세계적으로 널리 분포한다는 것을 입증하였다. The genus Polysiphonia sensu lato is widely distributed in tropical, warm-temperature, cold-temperate, and subantarctic regions including mangrove habitats and estuaries. Our morphological and molecular analyses of 1088 specimens of Polysiphonia sensu lato (Tribe Polysiphonieae) col-lected from 156 different localities around 16 countries during twelve years (2003-2015) revealed that Polysiphonia sensu lato (Tribe Polysiphonieae) is composed of 17 genera (Boergeseniella, Brongniartella, Bryocladia, Diplocladia, Dorsisiphonia, Enelittosiphonia, Hapterosiphonia, Lam-pisiphonia, Leptosiphonia, Lophosiphonia, Neosiphonia, Neostreblocladia, Phillipsiphonia, Po-lyostea, Polysiphonia sensu stricto, Streblocladia, Tolypiocladia, Vertebrata). Five of these genera were segregated as new genera (Dorsisiphonia, Hapterosiphonia, Neostreblocladia, Phillipsipho-nia, Wilsonosiphonia), two were enlarged (Brongniartella, Leptosiphonia), and one was resurrected (Polyostea) on the basis of diagnostic features and high bootstrap values of Maximum likelihood and posterior probabilities of Bayesian analyses. Also, 16 new species and 34 new combinations have been proposed among Polysiphonia sensu lato on the basis of morphological and molecular analyses of rbcL and cox1 locus. Moreover, Neosiphonia species have been segregated based on the three-celled carpogonial branches. Of them, a group of species having four pericentral cells and cortication, namely, N. harveyi complex is composed of six species. We sequenced genes from plastid (rbcL) and mitochondrial (cox1) genomes to examine the phylogeny, species status, biogeography, and evolution of specimens belonging to this complex collected worldwide. Our data strongly support two species within this complex: N. harveyi and “P. strictissima”. The first species is composed of six genetic taxa described here as subspecies on the basis of DNA-based delimitation models. We also estimated the divergence time of these species using substitution rates of combined rbcL and cox1 data sets. We confirm that the centre of diversity and origin is the East Asia (Korea and Japan) and that these species were originated around 700000 years ago and their migration from the eastern Asia to the north Atlantic likely took place through an ice-free Arctic Ocean before the first widespread Pleistocene glaciations in Iceland. In contrast to these ideas, some polysiphonous species have been considered as invasive or introduced species and our study demonstrated the wide distribution of Neosiphonia harveyi subsp. harveyi, Neosiphonia harveyi subsp. japonica, Neosiphonia echinata, Pterosiphonia arenosa, and Womersleyella indica sp. nov.

Investigating the effects of racioethnic diversity on organizational outcomes: The mediating role of social capital and the moderating role of diversity climate

Bustamante, Jennifer Columbia University 2010 해외박사(DDOD)

This study examined the relationship between organizational-level racioethnic diversity and organizational outcomes by investigating the mediating role of social capital and the moderating role of diversity climate. Social capital, defined as the set of resources available to an organization through the structure and content of social relations among members (Brass, Galaskiewicz, Greve, & Tsai, 2004; Leana & Pil, 2006; Leana & Van Buren, 1999), was hypothesized to explain the proposed negative relationship between racioethnic diversity and organizational outcomes, such as organizational performance and attachment. Diversity climate refers to individuals' shared perception concerning the extent to which their organization values and is committed to diversity (Kossek, Markel, & McHugh, 2003). A positive diversity climate was hypothesized to attenuate the negative relationship between racioethnic diversity and organizational outcomes. The current study utilized a cross-sectional field study design, involving both questionnaires and archival data collection methods. The sample consisted of 285 U.S. colleges and universities. Hypotheses were tested using hierarchical linear multiple regression. Results indicated that: (1) racioethnic diversity negatively influenced organizational performance, (2) social capital partially mediated this negative relationship, (3) diversity climate did not moderate the nature of the racioethnic diversity-organizational performance relationship, but: (4) diversity climate positively influenced organizational performance, regardless of an organization's racioethnic composition. Practical implications of these findings, as well as areas for future research are discussed.

Developing a solar-bio hybrid energy generation system for self-sustainable wastewater treatment

Bustamante, Mauricio Jose Michigan State University ProQuest Dissertations & 2016 해외박사(DDOD)

This study delivers a comprehensive analysis of the integration of renewable energy sources for a self-sustaining organic wastewater treatment operation. The increase in human population and the continuous expansion of residential and industrial activities in the last decades has elevated the generation of wastewater that can irreversibly damage the environment. The current technologies to treat wastewater require significant amounts of energy to operate, and most of them use non-renewable energy sources (fossil-based fuels are the main energy sources), which implies that current treatment technologies are not completely sustainable. The goal of this study is to integrate solar energy into the process of wastewater treatment synergistically. The first stage of this study evaluates the two options to generate electricity (Rankine and Brayton cycles for steam and gas turbines, respectively) using biogas as a sub-product of anaerobic digestion (the first stage in the proposed wastewater treatment) and incorporating solar energy to balance the thermal energy requirements. The results indicate that a steam turbine is the most convenient technology for the integration into a solar--bio concept, although its thermal-to-electrical energy conversion efficiency is lower than that for gas turbines. The second stage studies the steam turbine energy generation system to provide electricity for the wastewater treatment plant (anaerobic and aerobic digestion), considering two options for solar--bio hybridization: concentrated solar power (CSP) and photovoltaics (PV). Results show that PV requires a smaller collection area and biomethane volumetric storage capacity to support the electricity needs. The third stage evaluates the geometrical and operational parameters for a CSP system using refractive Fresnel lenses, as an alternative to parabolic reflectors. The solar concentration ratio and absorber area were the parameters studied to calculate the change in the absorber temperature. The parameters were evaluated using a small bench-scale unit with an accurate solar tracking system using an astronomical algorithm. The results indicate that the absorber area affects the maximum temperature in the solar receiver to a greater degree than the concentration ratio. The last stage involves the design of two solar thermal receivers for a refractive Fresnel lens. The first design is a single path receiver with a conical absorber; the second is a cavity receiver with a spiral groove for multi-path flows. Both receivers were simulated using computational fluid dynamics, obtaining the fluid outlet temperature under different scenarios. The analysis showed that the cavity receiver exhibited higher efficiencies than the conical receiver, but its application is limited to low concentration ratios.

Occupational Radiation, Neighborhoods and Circulatory Disease Incidence and Mortality

Bustamante Callejas, Gabriela ProQuest Dissertations & Theses University of Minn 2019 해외박사(DDOD)

Computational and Experimental Studies Reveal a Role for Airframe Configuration in Insect Flight Control

Bustamante, Jorge, Jr University of Washington ProQuest Dissertations & 2021 해외박사(DDOD)

Implementing Prediabetes Screening During Hospitalization in an Internal Medicine Unit

Bustamante, Roxana Yale University ProQuest Dissertations & Theses 2023 해외박사(DDOD)

About 1 in 3 adults in the United States have prediabetes, yet 8 in 10 of people are unaware of having this condition. The gap in timely diagnosis of prediabetes hinders opportunities for awareness of risk for type 2 diabetes (T2DM), self-management, and referral to preventative interventions. Individuals with undiagnosed prediabetes have 1.3 times higher risk for hospitalization. Extending prediabetes screening to the inpatient hospital setting offers opportunity to identify undiagnosed prediabetes. The purpose of this DNP project was to implement a prediabetes screening algorithm in the hospital setting to identify undiagnosed prediabetes and initiate patient education on preventative lifestyle modifications and coordinate outpatient follow-up. A prediabetes screening algorithm was developed through adaptation of American Diabetes Association guidelines and was used to screen patients admitted to an internal medicine unit using HbA1c testing over a 12-week period. A total of 41 patients met criteria for screening and of these individuals, 51% (n=21) were found to have abnormal HbA1c results. The rate of undiagnosed T2DM and prediabetes was 15% (n=6) and 36% (n=15), respectively. Implementation of patient education occurred in 52% (n=11) of patients, while 76% (n=16) had primary care follow-up arranged. Though limited by a small sample size, utilization of the prediabetes screening algorithm in the inpatient hospital setting was found to be feasible and effective in informing risk of prediabetes and T2DM. This project has potential to offer opportunities for preventative screening through identification of risk factors for undiagnosed prediabetes or T2DM and intervention prior to hospital discharge.

Essential features of cultural proficiency in American international schools in Latin America: A Delphi study

Bustamante, Rebecca McBride University of San Diego 2005 해외박사(DDOD)

American international schools in Latin America can play a vital role in preparing future leaders to effectively interact with people of diverse cultures. These schools provide ideal settings for exploring how policies, programs, and practices that reflect diverse perspectives and encourage intercultural learning might enhance global leadership development. Multidisciplinary reviews of the literature reveal a dearth of studies examining culture and leadership development in American international schools in Latin America. The model of cultural proficiency provides a comprehensive framework for exploring how these schools might proactively and effectively respond to diversity in a crosscultural environment and develop globally competent leaders. This exploratory study aimed to uncover how formal school leaders, working in American international schools throughout Latin America, would characterize cultural proficiency in these schools and what barriers they might encounter. The Delphi method was used to systematically collect the opinions of a geographically disbursed panel of 35 experts representing 25 schools in 14 different countries. Participants completed three rounds of open-ended, on-line questionnaires to determine group consensus on essential features of cultural proficiency; the influence of school leaders; challenges and barriers; and potential success indicators for measuring and monitoring school-wide cultural proficiency and global leadership development. Key findings supported the theoretical framework and suggested a need for American international schools in the Latin American region to consciously assess cultural proficiency and develop school-wide strategies that consider: shared vision building, global curriculum, cultural awareness training, community service, leader influence and development. Resistance to change and elitist and ethnocentric values of students, parent, and teacher groups were cited as primary barriers to cultural proficiency development. Specific strategies for confronting these barriers were also identified. Recommendations include the need for school leaders and supporting credentialing and international education associations to recognize the tremendous impact of culture in these schools and develop comprehensive strategies for cultural proficiency development and assessment. Graduate education programs should enhance development of culturally proficient, global-minded school leaders and teachers to work in international schools. Future research is recommended to further explore cultural proficiency and leadership development in specific school contexts, using multiple methods.

Evaluation of over the counter sales as a syndromic surveillance method for waterborne disease in New Mexico

Bustamante, Camilla M The University of New Mexico 2005 해외박사(DDOD)

This research evaluates the use of Over-the-Counter anti-diarrheal medications as a potential syndromic indicator and surveillance mechanism for waterborne disease in New Mexico. The purpose was to determine the usefulness of such data for either supplemental or stand alone use in a system for waterborne disease surveillance. The use of syndromic indicators for waterborne disease was elevated in 1993 after an outbreak of cryptosporidium was detected in Milwaukee Wisconsin by an alert pharmacist who noticed increased sales of over-the-counter medications over a period of time. In 2001, terrorist threats for anthrax exposure to U.S. populations further prompted funding and research for the use of syndromic indicators as early detection mechanisms. Waterborne disease, as related to six reportable pathogens of concern, is suspected to be underreported nationally and in the State of New Mexico, and adults are more likely to self medicate rather than seek medical attention. Though not typically fatal to the general population, some disease strains such as cryptosporidiosis and shigellosis have proven deadly to vulnerable populations. This study utilizes special mapping and evaluates seasonality, temporality and measures of association in order to determine the potential value of OTC anti-diarrheal sales data as part of an overall surveillance program for waterborne disease in New Mexico.

Borderlands transnationalism: The significance of political, gender, and family ties on Mexican immigrant life in South Texas

Bustamante, Juan Jose Michigan State University 2011 해외박사(DDOD)

This dissertation examines the immigrant experience of Mexican families residing in the Lower Rio Grande Valley (LRGV), a borderlands region geographically located along the Mexico-U.S. international border. From both sides of the U.S.-Mexico border, this research explores factors affecting immigrant family life. Specifically, this study examines how and to what extent Mexican and U.S. state-adopted policies, gender arrangements, and family relations entice LRGV immigrant families to engage Mexican or U.S.-based resources---and why they are more involved in one option rather than another. Two approaches are employed to theoretically capture the behavior of two distinct types of immigrant families: a transnational model focusing on how family life is shaped by numerous external conditions that transcend national borders, and a settler model that examines how family life is shaped within the U.S. This study uses qualitative data gathered between winter 2009 and fall 2010 in the South Texas-Tamaulipas border corridor. Twenty-nine in-depth interviews among ten Mexican immigrant families were conducted; in the field, five local nongovernmental and governmental organizations representatives were also interviewed. This study found that all ten families engaged themselves in politics in varied ways, from embracing Mexican political activism to simply coping with Mexican institutional corruption and institutional racism in the U.S. This research also concludes that urban families, with greater access to education and labor opportunities, are more egalitarian than families from rural environments. The geographical proximity between the rural communities of Tamaulipas and LRGV fosters a constant flow of rural gendered values and practices from Mexico into the Valley. Finally, data reveal that Mexican-focused families benefit from their transnational extended family resources to reconcile work and parenting demands. Of particular significance is the emotional, financial, and childcare support abuelas (grandmothers) residing in Mexico provide to immigrant families living in South Texas.

Measuring motivation in children served by Head Start

Bustamante, Andres Sebastian University of Miami 2016 해외박사(DDOD)

There is a well-established achievement gap between children from low income families and their middle to high income counterparts. One avenue towards narrowing the achievement gap is improving domain-general school readiness skills, such as motivation, persistence, and preference for challenge which support learning regardless of content area. Motivation orientation, one example of a malleable domain-general construct, encompasses two approaches at opposite ends of a continuum: mastery and performance motivations. The former is characterized by viewing failure as an opportunity for growth, while the latter views failure as a confirmation of a low innate ability level. Interventions targeting motivation orientation have successfully improved academic outcomes in older children; however, attempts to downwardly extend this research to early childhood have yielded mixed results due to the absence of developmentally appropriate measures. This study evaluated a newly developed measure of motivation orientation named the Computer Administered Battery of Observed Motivation (CABoOM) which was specifically designed to be sensitive and appropriate for pre-school children from low-income families. Results suggest that CABoOM is sensitive, test-retest reliable, and response process valid for children served by Head Start. While CABoOM did significantly predict gains in approaches to learning, and science school readiness across the year, the relationships were in the negative directions which is the opposite of the original hypothesis. Further research is required to understand these counterintuitive relationships and provide additional evidence for predictive and concurrent validity. A valid and reliable measure of motivation orientation would allow for evaluation of early childhood interventions aiming to close the school readiness achievement gap by targeting this powerful domain-general skill.