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Daily Emotions and Stuttering: What Is the Relation?
Shanley Treleaven,Anthony Buhr,Barbara Kucharski,Geoffrey Coalson 한국언어재활사협회 2018 Clinical Archives of Communication Disorders Vol.3 No.3
The purpose of this study was to examine the relation between daily emotions and stuttering. Daily data was acquired over an academic year from a three-year-old boy near onset of stuttering. The boy’s caregiver provided daily ratings regarding fluency and emotionality of the child during the four greatest emotional events of the child’s day. Each event was rated with respect to (a) event intensity, (b) emotional intensity, and (c) stuttering frequency. Results showed that daily ratings of stuttering frequency, as reported by the child’s caregiver, were related to event intensity rather than the child’s emotional intensity. Emotional intensity was related to stuttering frequency for negative emotions only. Thus, event intensity may contribute to both emotional arousal and stuttering.
A noncanonical E-box enhancer drives mouse Period2 circadian oscillations in vivo
Yoo, S.-H.,Ko, C. H.,Lowrey, P. L.,Buhr, E. D.,Song, E.-j.,Chang, S.,Yoo, O. J.,Yamazaki, S.,Lee, C.,Takahashi, J. S. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2005 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF Vol.102 No.7
<P>The mouse Period2 (mPer2) locus is an essential negative-feedback element of the mammalian circadian-clock mechanism. Recent work has shown that mPer2 circadian gene expression persists in both central and peripheral tissues. Here, we analyze the mouse mPer2 promoter and identify a circadian enhancer (E2) with a noncanonical 5'-CACGTT-3' E-box located 20 bp upstream of the mPer2 transcription start site. The E2 enhancer accounts for most circadian transcriptional drive of the mPer2 locus by CLOCK:BMAL1, is a major site of DNaseI hypersensitivity in this region, and is constitutively bound by a transcriptional complex containing the CLOCK protein. Importantly, the E2 enhancer is sufficient to drive self-sustained circadian rhythms of luciferase activity in central and peripheral tissues from mPer2-E2::Luciferase transgenic mice with tissue-specific phase and period characteristics. Last, genetic analysis with mutations in Clock and Bmal1 shows that the E2 enhancer is a target of CLOCK and BMAL1 in vivo.</P>