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Attitudes and reactions to a healthcare robot.
Broadbent, Elizabeth,Kuo, I Han,Lee, Yong In,Rabindran, Joel,Kerse, Ngaire,Stafford, Rebecca,Macdonald, Bruce A Mary Ann Liebert, Inc 2010 Telemedicine and e-Health Vol.16 No.5
<P>Abstract Objective: The use of robots in healthcare is a new concept. The public's perception and acceptance is not well understood. The objective was to investigate the perceptions and emotions toward the utilization of healthcare robots among individuals over 40 years of age, investigate factors contributing to acceptance, and evaluate differences in blood pressure checks taken by a robot and a medical student. Materials and Methods: Fifty-seven (n = 57) adults aged over 40 years and recruited from local general practitioner or gerontology group lists participated in two cross-sectional studies. The first was an open-ended questionnaire assessing perceptions of robots. In the second study, participants had their blood pressure taken by a medical student and by a robot. Patient comfort with each encounter, perceived accuracy of each measurement, and the quality of the patient interaction were studied in each case. Readings were compared by independent t-tests and regression analyses were conducted to predict quality ratings. Results: Participants' perceptions about robots were influenced by their prior exposure to robots in literature or entertainment media. Participants saw many benefits and applications for healthcare robots, including simple medical procedures and physical assistance, but had some concerns about reliability, safety, and the loss of personal care. Blood pressure readings did not differ between the medical student and robot, but participants felt more comfortable with the medical student and saw the robot as less accurate. Although age and sex were not significant predictors, individuals who held more positive initial attitudes and emotions toward robots rated the robot interaction more favorably. Conclusions: Many people see robots as having benefits and applications in healthcare but some have concerns. Individual attitudes and emotions regarding robots in general are likely to influence future acceptance of their introduction into healthcare processes.</P>
Epidemiological evidence in law:
Alex Broadbent 한국역학회 2015 Epidemiology and Health Vol.37 No.-
This paper offers a commentary on three aspects of the Supreme Court’s recent decision (2011Da22092). First, contrary to the Court’s finding, this paper argues that epidemiological evidence can be used to estimate the probability that a given risk factor caused a disease in an individual plaintiff. Second, the distinction between specific and non-specific diseases, upon which the Court relies, is shown to be without scientific basis. Third, this commentary points out that the Court’s finding concerning defect of expression effectively enables tobacco companies to profit from the efforts of epidemiologists and others involved in public health to raise awareness of the dangers of smoking.
Quality Control of the Mass-Reared Predatory Mite, Amblyseius cucumeris (Acarina: Phytoseiidae)
Kim, Jeong-Hwan,A. Bruce Broadbent,Lee, Sang-Guei Korean Society of Applied Entomology 2001 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.4 No.2
Quantity, sex ratio, survival, fecundity, mobility, predation and feeding preference were investigated to assess the post-shipment quality of commercially available strains of Amblyseius cucumeris from 3 different companies supplying this product to growers in Canada. The quantity of live mites promised on the labelz was close to the number estimated from subsampling for companies A and C; whereas company B had provided only 66% of the number of mites on the label. The sex ratio of mites from company A was close to 1:1, whereas companies B and C had a greater proportion of females. All 3 products failed to meet the IOBC guideline of 7 eggs per female over 7 days at $22^{\circ}$, although companies B and C were close to this standard. Survival of mites over 9 days was quite variable among companies. Only products B and C reached the IOBC standard of 80% survival over 5 days. Product A with only 58% survival on day 5 is unacceptable. Mobility of mites was good and similar for products B and C; whereas mites from product A were the least mobile. Predation tests indicated similar consumption of grain mite nymph in 24 hours for A. cucumeris from products B and C, whereas mites from product A consumed approximately 25% less nymphs in 24 hours. Feeding preference tests of adult predator mites from companies B and C indicated a preference for spider mite eggs rather than grain mite eggs.
Lee, Sang-Guei,Stephanie A. Hilton,A. Bruce Broadbent,Kim, Jeong-Hwan Korean Society of Applied Entomology 2002 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.5 No.1
Several methods were investigated to identify insecticide resistance in commercially available Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot and Amblyseius cucumeris Oudemans from 3 different companies supplying this product to growers in Canada. cypermethrin (cymbush) was the most toxic to the mites of the insecticides tested. Imidacloprid (Admire) was the least harmful of the 5 insecticides/acaricides tested. Relative toxicity was measured in the slide dip tests wherein 5 insecticides were tested against all three commercial strains of both species of mites. The greatest relative toxicity was seen with mites from company B: comparing the LC$_{50}$'s cypermethrin was 2429 times more toxic to P. persimilis than was imidacloprid, and >4000 times more toxic to A. cucumeris than was imidacloprid. The leaf dip method tested residual toxicity of residues remaining on the leaf disks while the potter spray tower method combined both direct contact and residual toxicity, which is reflected by intermediate toxicities between those of the leaf dip and slide dip results. Of the three commercial strains of both species of mites, those mites from company B were the most tolerant to imidacloprid and dicofol (Ketlhane) compared to company A and company C. In the slide dip test with P. persimilis, mites from company B are 4.7 and 5.7 times more tolerant to imidacloprid than comapnay C and company A mites, respectively. As well, in the slide dip test with P. persimilis, mites from company B are 5.3 times more tolerant to imidacloprid than company C mites. On the other hand, mites from company B appeared to be the most susceptible to cypermethrin, but it was a small difference. There was little difference between the commercial strains in their response to pyridaben and thiamethoxam (actara). Of the two mite species tested, P. persimilis was more susceptible to the insecticides tested by slide dip than A. cucumeris in most cases or not significantly different. In leaf dip tests with dicofol and pyridaben against both species, the result appeared to be the opposite, that is, A. cucumeris was more susceptible, particularly to dicofol In conclusion, we have identified that imidacloprid is a preferable candidate for use in an Integrated Pest Management (IPM) program because of its low toxicity to predatory mites when imidacloprid is being used against other pests. Dicofol and pyridaben are acaricides that should be considered as products for selection of resistance in mites.s.
Darragh, Margot,Ahn, Ho Seok,MacDonald, Bruce,Liang, Amy,Peri, Kathryn,Kerse, Ngaire,Broadbent, Elizabeth Elsevier 2017 Journal of the American Medical Directors Associat Vol.18 No.12
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P><B>Objectives</B></P> <P>This scoping study is the first step of a multiphase, international project aimed at designing a homecare robot that can provide functional support, track physical and psychological well-being, and deliver therapeutic intervention specifically for individuals with mild cognitive impairment.</P> <P><B>Design</B></P> <P>Observational requirements gathering study.</P> <P><B>Participants and settings</B></P> <P>Semistructured interviews were conducted with 3 participant groups: (1) individuals with memory challenges, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), or mild dementia (patients; n = 9); (2) carers of those with MCI or dementia (carers; n = 8); and (3) those with expertise in MCI or dementia research, clinical care, or management (experts; n = 16). Interviews took place at the university, at dementia care facilities or other workplaces, at participant's homes, or via skype (experts only).</P> <P><B>Measurements</B></P> <P>Semistructured interviews were conducted, transcribed, and reviewed.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>Several key themes were identified within the 4 topics of: (1) daily challenges, (2) safety and security, (3) monitoring health and well-being, and (4) therapeutic intervention.</P> <P><B>Conclusions</B></P> <P>A homecare robot could provide both practical and therapeutic benefit for the mildly cognitively impaired with 2 broad programs providing routine and reassurance; and tracking health and well-being. The next phase of the project aims to program homecare robots with scenarios developed from these results, integrate components from project partners, and then test the feasibility, utility, and acceptability of the homecare robot.</P>