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Recent Asian origin of chytrid fungi causing global amphibian declines
O’Hanlon, Simon J.,Rieux, Adrien,Farrer, Rhys A.,Rosa, Goncalo M.,Waldman, Bruce,Bataille, Arnaud,Kosch, Tiffany A.,Murray, Kris A.,Brankovics, Balá,zs,Fumagalli, Matteo,Martin, Michael D.,Wales American Association for the Advancement of Scienc 2018 Science Vol.360 No.6389
<P>Globalized infectious diseases are causing species declines worldwide, but their source often remains elusive. We used whole-genome sequencing to solve the spatiotemporal origins of themost devastating panzootic to date, caused by the fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, a proximate driver of global amphibian declines. We traced the source of B. dendrobatidis to the Korean peninsula, where one lineage, BdASIA-1, exhibits the genetic hallmarks of an ancestral population that seeded the panzootic. We date the emergence of this pathogen to the early 20th century, coinciding with the global expansion of commercial trade in amphibians, and we show that intercontinental transmission is ongoing. Our findings point to East Asia as a geographic hotspot for B. dendrobatidis biodiversity and the original source of these lineages that now parasitize amphibians worldwide.</P>
Suzana Brankovic,Dusanka Kitic,Mirjana Radenkovic,Slavimir Veljkovic,Teodora Jankovic,Katarina Savikin,Gordana Zdunic 한국식품영양과학회 2011 Journal of medicinal food Vol.14 No.5
Sideritis raeseri spp. raeseri Boiss. & Heldr., known as “mountain tea,” has been widely used in the Mediterranean region as a spice and in folk medicine as a very popular decoction because of its anti-inflammatory, carminative, analgesic, antitussive, stomachic, and antimicrobial properties. The study was aimed to investigate the effects of an ethanol extract of S. raeseri on intestinal activity. Air-dried and powdered aerial parts were extracted with 96% ethanol. The rat ileum preparations were incubated in Tyrode's solution gassed (95% O_2/5% CO_2) at 37°C. The ethanol extract of S. raeseri (0.03–0.3 mg/mL) relaxed spontaneous contractions in isolated rat ileum, similar to that produced by papaverine. The plant extract in a concentration-dependent manner (0.015–0.15 mg/mL) significantly inhibited the contractile response to acetylcholine (P<.01). Atropine inhibited the response to acetylcholine. A similar relaxation-inducing effect of the S. raeseri extract was observed on the precontracted ileum by histamine and barium chloride. Plant extract (0.03–0.3 mg/mL) significantly shifted the histamine concentration–response curve to the right and down (P<.01). The S. raeseri extract (0.03–0.3 mg/mL) significantly inhibited the contractions induced by barium chloride (P<.01). The results show that the ethanol extract of S. raeseri can produce inhibition of the the spontaneous rat ileum contractions and contractions induced by different spasmogens. These data indicate that S. raeseri acts as a spasmolytic on intestinal smooth muscle, which justifies its use in gastrointestinal disorders.
Evaluation of the Composition and Morphology of a WTi/Si System Processed by a Picosecond Laser
Suzana Petrovic,D. Peruško,I. Radovi-Bogdanovic,G. Brankovic,M. Cˇekada,B. Gakovic,M. Jakšic,M. Trtica,Milosavljevic 대한금속·재료학회 2012 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.18 No.3
In this work we studied the influence of laser radiation on the composition, structure and morphology of WTi thin films deposited on n-type (100) silicon wafers. The films were deposited by d.c. sputtering from a 70:30 at% W-Ti target, using Ar ions, to a thickness of ~190 nm. Irradiation was performed with a pulsed Nd:YAG laser operating at 1064 nm, whereas the pulse duration was 150 ps. Laser fluences of 3.2and 5.9 J/cm2were found to be sufficient for modification of the WTi/silicon target system. The results show: (i) ablation of WTi thin film and a Si substrate in the central zone of spots, (ii) appearance of hydrodynamic features like resolidified material, (iii) partial ablation of the WTi thin film at the periphery and (iv) appearance of thin film cracks at the far periphery. On the non-ablated areas, the laser modifica-tion induced changes in composition, such as inter-mixing of components at the WTi/Si interface with for-mation of silicides in both metals. Surface oxidation was the dominant process in the ablated areas, which is demonstrated by the presence of a SiO2 phase.
Microstructural and mechanical characteristics of self-compacting concrete with waste rubber
Marijana Hadzima-Nyarko,Karlo E. Nyarko,Daniela Djikanovic,Goran Brankovic 국제구조공학회 2021 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.78 No.2
Due to the increasing environmental pollution caused by scrap tires, a solution is being sought to recycle and use them in a field of civil engineering, i.e., construction. This paper will provide a brief overview of previous researches that give detailed information on the advantages and disadvantages, considering the microstructural and mechanical characteristics of self-compacting concrete, when waste tire rubber as an aggregate is added. With this aim, a database of 144 different mixtures of self-compacting concrete with partial substitute of natural aggregate with recycled tire rubber (self-compacting rubberized concrete, SCRC) provided by various researchers was created. In this study we show that Gaussian process regression (GPR) modelling is an appropriate method for predicting compressive strength of SCC with recycled tire rubber particles and is in accordance with the results displayed by SEM images.