The Role of internal auditing n the defense industry : an empirical study

Boyle, Edmund Joseph Pennsylvania State University 1990 해외박사

Learning the ropes: A qualitative study of the socialization of women science, mathematics, and engineering faculty

Boyle, Kathleen M Indiana University 2003 해외박사(DDOD)

Relatively few women are welcomed into the world of academia, particularly in the male-dominated fields of science, mathematics, and engineering (SME). At the majority of institutions of higher education, women are found in less than 10 percent of the faculty positions in SME disciplines (Sonnert, 1995). Socialization and mentoring are key ways in which faculty succeed in higher education (Clark & Corcoran, 1986; Pistole, 1994). The purpose of this study was to discover the factors that make up the socialization process for women faculty in SME and the role of mentoring in women SME faculty members' professional careers. This qualitative study tells the stories of the socialization and mentoring experiences of women faculty in SME. The primary method of data collection for this study was multiple, semi-structured, in-depth interviews with the women faculty participants. In particular, I sought to understand how these women have constructed meaning from all the phenomena that create an experience of socialization and mentoring within academe---their environment, perceptions, beliefs, and conversations with others---in order to capture some of the meaning in the experiences of these women, and to give that meaning voice and power. The findings indicated a variety of influences on the participants' choice to enter SME academic fields---parents, teachers, professors, interests, and at times, chance. When participants reflected on their early life-stories, three primary findings emerged: (1) supportive parents assisted with their SME identity development, (2) educational experiences enhanced their interest in SME, and (3) opportunities existed for them to experience anticipatory socialization into SME academic disciplines. As their life-stories progressed, additional findings emerged surrounding their faculty experiences, the women: (1) transitioned to academe (with some dissonance and lack of knowledge of what to expect), (2) built mentor relationships, (3) learned opportunities "on the job," (4) balanced professional and personal roles, and (5) made meaning from their experiences as women SME academics. The majority of the women in the study identified a growing awareness of gender issues and concerns during their undergraduate and graduate years as they went through the anticipatory stages of their socialization into academe. Participants often turned to male advisors and colleagues to provide them with the knowledge needed for success in academia and within their specific fields because there were not key females to provide these roles. Changes to the culture of SME are necessary to enhance women's experiences in SME and reverse their migration from SME. For many of these departments, men will need to be the initial leaders in creating atmospheres in which women can develop their talents and provide role models for future girls and women interested in faculty positions in SME disciplines.

Temporal and spatial regulation of morphogenesis during Drosophila egg chamber development

Boyle, Michael James University of Washington 2009 해외박사(DDOD)

Dorsal appendage (DA) morphogenesis is a simple but powerful system for the study of organ morphogenesis. A tube-forming process that resembles neurulation DA morphogenesis occurs within the convenient and well-studied context of the Drosophila ovary. In this dissertation, I use DA morphogenesis as a template to explore two great themes of developmental biology: the temporal and spatial regulation of cellular behaviors required to coordinate developmental processes, and second, the division of function among cells collaborating to form a structure. In Chapter I, I introduce Drosophila oogenesis in general and DA morphogenesis in particular, and review the literature surrounding several genes whose function is critical to the processes discussed in this dissertation. In Chapter II, I present experiments that demonstrate previously unappreciated roles for Tramtrack69 (TTK69), Notch (N), and ecdysone signaling in coordinating a response to temporal signaling with spatial information. In Chapter III, I present experiments that demonstrate a differential of function among the DA-forming cells and show that the population of DA roof cells is more finely subdivided than previously appreciated. Further I demonstrate that heterotrimeric G protein signaling is required for proper DA morphogenesis: G protein function in the floor is required for control of appendage width and G protein function in a subset of roof cells regulates elongation of the appendage and convergent extension of the entire roof cell population. Finally, in Chapter IV , I summarize the conclusions presented in this dissertation and propose further experiments that will shed light on some of the many questions arising from the work in this dissertation.

Dispersed deception: An examination of the impacts of computer mediation, proximity, and familiarity on truth bias

Boyle, Randall John The Florida State University 2003 해외박사(DDOD)

This research examines the impact of computer-mediated communication, distributed communication, and knowledge of prior baseline behavior on an individual's propensity to believe what is being communicated. This study is focused on the impact of technology and individual experience on a person's ability to make veracity judgments. Contributions from this study include a greater awareness of the added susceptibility to deception when using computer-mediated communication. This study found that higher deception detection accuracy rates could be achieved if individuals had prior baseline knowledge of their partner's nominal behavior. This study also showed that more detection confidence can come from knowledge of a person's prior baseline behavior, being proximally located, the type of communication media used, and perceived relational closeness. Subjects with a high level of confidence in their ability to detect truthful/deceptive behavior were more reliant on the truth bias to make veracity judgments. Findings also show that self-report measures used to operationalize truth bias were good indicators of detection accuracy. This finding would seem to indicate that individuals are generally good judges of truthfulness/deceptiveness when they utilize a heuristic of truthfulness. However, this study did find systematic error when individuals relied on their assumption of truthfulness. Thus, consistent with other cognitive biases, a truthful heuristic does generally result in correct decisions, but also introduces some systematic error.

From Iberian Innovation to Sardinian Appropriation: Breaking down Giovanni Delogu Ibba's Index libri vitae

Boyle, Kathleen Crawford The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 2013 해외박사(DDOD)

To reach the rich core of the culture of Sardinia, one must sift through the layers of sediment left by the people that have lived their history on Sardinia's soil. The early chapters of the dissertation provide important cultural and historical background information for my analysis. But even in the light of the innumerable outside influences on Sardinia over the years, it would be incorrect to view the island's culture as a chameleon that simply takes on any and all aspects of the currently dominating tribe of people because this assumes that the civilization of the island is completely devoid of its own long standing and very unique traditions. My dissertation examines one of the primary theatrical genres of Sardinia, the sacre rappresentazioni, and traces the origins of this genre through two different religious-based literary traditions of the island, the letteratura agiografica and the gosos, religious poetic compositions, performed through song and written in praise of the Lord, the Virgin Mary or the saints. One of the primary focuses of this study is to examine what influence the roughly 400-year Spanish presence had on these religious works in Sardinia. I explore the ways in which Iberian culture at times blended into the already established traditions of the island, and at other times imposed itself on these traditions, by introducing something entirely new. As the primary text for my study, I have Giovanni Delogu Ibba and his 18th century work Index libri vitae, as it provides a very characteristic presentation of Sardinia at the time in which he was writing. Delogu Ibba's ILV (1736) is divided by the author into seven books, written in three different languages (Latin, Castilian and Logudorese) and contains multiple genres including hagiographic material in its simplest forms, elaborate gosos likely performed on feast days or during processions, and a well-developed passion play focusing on the isclavamentu. Through an analysis of Delogu Ibba's work it is possible to see how these genres, not always of Sardinian origin, are adapted by the author for his own didactic purposes and also indicative of 18th-century Sardinia in which he was writing.

Barriers and needs to academic success of college students diagnosed with autoimmune related diseases

Boyle, Lauren Elizabeth Indiana University 2012 해외박사(DDOD)

The problem of this baseline study was to identify college students enrolled in four year institutions of higher education in the United States who were diagnosed with autoimmune diseases and to assess their health status, campus services utilized, and barriers and needs to academic success. A survey instrument was developed from a preliminary focus group study and national college health risk surveys, jury validated and administered online nationally via assistance of 29 autoimmune disease associations that posted a link to the 97 item survey on their respective websites. Data were collected between November, 2008 and February, 2009 and analyzed applying descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests of independence, Fisher's exact test, independent sample t-tests and thematic analysis. Respondents were 90 undergraduate and graduate college students (91.1% female) between ages 18 and 54 representing a range of one to six diseases and 29 different autoimmune diseases. Over 90% of respondents were not using campus health services as their primary provider to treat their autoimmune disease flare-ups that potentially affected their academic performance; about one half who did use this service were dissatisfied. Almost two-thirds of respondents (65.3%) did not register with university disability services. Over 60% of respondents reported sleep, weather changes and, other illness as major triggers to disease flare-ups. Over two-thirds of respondents (68.7%) felt tired/worn out all or most of the time, about two-thirds (62.7%) experienced moderate to very severe body pain, and over one-half (58.2%) described their health status as fair or poor during the previous 30 days. Significant differences indicate that the more the number of co-occurring diseases within respondents, the more they experienced severe pain, tiredness, poor health, difficulty getting to class, difficulty completing class and independent academic tasks, and difficulty with professors' understanding. About one half of respondents were behind schedule to graduate and dropped one or more courses during that academic year. Respondents desired faculty empathy, flexibility of course requirement deadlines, and more online courses. Implementations from this study target: students diagnosed with autoimmune related diseases, campus health and disabilities services, academic advisers and college professors/instructors.

The Athenian courtroom: Politics, rhetoric, ethics

Boyle, Brendan P The University of Chicago 2007 해외박사(DDOD)

The dissertation investigates what I call the 'political thinking' of the Athenian courtroom. The Athenian courtroom's political thinking turned crucially on questions about the relationship between constitutions and the common good, about the role rhetoric played in articulating that good, and about the scope of the friendship structuring that good's pursuit. These are essentially Aristotelian questions, and it is against the background of his answers to them that my reading of several legal cases takes weight and shape. In between an Introduction and Conclusion stand three central chapters, 'Politics,' 'Rhetoric,' and 'Ethics,' each taking up one of these questions posed above. And while the chapters stand on their own, they are deeply interconnected, much in the way Aristotle insisted politics, rhetoric, and ethics were. What it means to treat the Athenian courtroom in this Aristotelian way is evident in the first chapter, 'Politics,' which looks at three trials held in the period immediately after the Athenian civil war. These cases all take up a difficult 'constitutional' question occasioned by the Thirty's ouster. But because their talk remains frustratingly vague, we do well to consider Aristotle's more patient investigation of similar territory. He helps us think about, first, the significance of setting the common good as the polis' end and, second, the need for pursuing that good in and through friendship with others. For alongside their talk of the common good sits language that suggests a need for a new kind of ethical relationship between the polis' residents. The second chapter turns to rhetoric and ethics and asks whether there is any sense in which courtroom rhetoric was itself 'ethical.' Aristotle, I argue, helps us see how persuasive speech guided by a proper understanding of logical demonstration, character, and the emotions can be ethical. This is a claim that litigants also endorsed, a claim they signal in their promise to deliver a case ex arches---'from the beginning.'. The final chapter, 'Ethics,' locates the ethical standing of non-citizen Athenians through a close reading of a speech of Lysias. The speech turns on the question of the possibility of bringing others into the friendship that structures political life and asks, in Aristotelian fashion, where citizens' affective ties run out. This means the dissertation, in a sense, begins and ends with friendship. In between---between, that is, politics and ethics---comes rhetoric. And that seems right, for rhetoric is a mode of speaking to 'political' friends that itself needs to be 'ethical.'.

Pollinator-mediated gene flow in and among fields of alfalfa produced for seed

Boyle, Natalie Kira Washington State University 2015 해외박사(DDOD)

Cross-pollination by bees is necessary for commercial alfalfa seed production. To maintain varietal purity in alfalfa, seed producers adhere to spatial isolation standards to minimize or prevent bee flight and subsequent pollen flow between fields. The increased use of genetically-engineered (GE) crops in agriculture has raised concerns over pollinator-mediated gene flow between transgenic and conventional agricultural varieties. The 2011 deregulation of genetically engineered glyphosate-resistant alfalfa by the USDA has generated public concern and scientific debate over current recommended bee management practices and their ability to maintain varietal purity of alfalfa grown for seed production. The primary objective of this research is to determine the roles that pollinators play in contributing to undesired gene flow between alfalfa fields. We evaluated the impact of migratory beekeeping practices on transgenic pollen flow between spatially isolated alfalfa fields by permitting honey bees, Apis mellifera, to openly forage upon transgenic alfalfa blossoms, and transporting them 112 km to forage on caged conventional alfalfa following either 8 or 32 hours of isolation from the transgenic source. Cross-pollination between transgenic and conventional alfalfa was nearly eliminated (0.00008%) following eight hours of isolation from the transgenic source. The alfalfa leafcutting bee, Megachile rotundata (ALCB), is another commercially managed pollinator used extensively in alfalfa pollination. We evaluated the influence of the ALCB on gene flow between GE and conventional alfalfa seed fields by testing for the presence of the GE trait in pollen provisions collected from domiciles located in conventional alfalfa seed fields planted directly adjacent to GE alfalfa fields. Pollen samples collected from domiciles in conventional seed fields were at variable distances from the adjacent GE fields. Alfalfa seed in the vicinity of each domicile was harvested and tested for the transgene. We found that the ALCB frequently forages at distances which exceed current estimates for ALCB foraging range. Additionally, GE trait expression in harvested conventional seed was detected at rates that surpass established thresholds for varietal purity. Measurable impacts of ALCB-mediated pollen flow were confirmed and can be used to inform science policy regarding the development of best management practices mitigating undesired gene flow between genetically distinct alfalfa varieties.

Social networks, mass media, and efficacy: Implications for protest participation

Boyle, Michael P The University of Wisconsin - Madison 2004 해외박사(DDOD)

This dissertation explores the relationships of social network characteristics, alternative and mainstream mass media use, and efficacy with participation in protest events. To test these relationships, a random sample of students from University of Wisconsin-Madison and a snowball sample of local activists were recruited to participate in an online survey. Five respondents from the online portion of the study were recruited for depth interviews. The quantitative and qualitative data suggest the importance of social networks, alternative media, and efficacy to participation in protest events. Perhaps more importantly, however, the data indicate that the relationships between these key variables and protest participation change over the course of involvement in activism. Specifically, network ties to family, newspaper use, and efficacy for protest were essential elements for those new to activism. For those already steeped in activism and protest, friendship ties, homogeneous social networks, and alternative Internet media use were key predictor variables. For the established protesters, efficacy for protest was no longer an important predictor. Taken together, these quantitative and qualitative findings indicate that, much like traditional participation, protest participation is a complicated process resulting from numerous variables working with and against one another.

Characterization of DNA helicase-III in replication complexes isolated from embryonic chicken brains and breast carcinoma cells

Boyle, Patrick John University of Notre Dame 2005 해외박사(DDOD)

Enzymes involved in eukaryotic DNA replication were studied in developing embryonic chicken brains (ECB) and in human breast carcinoma cells (BRCC) during apoptosis. A systematic study was undertaken to search for the presence of a DNA helicase in complex with the known replication enzyme DNA polymerase-alpha (pol-alpha). Antibodies against human helicases (I, IIA, IIB, III, IV) were used in ELISA to test for the presence or absence of helicases in the replication complex (RC) isolated from ECB or BRCC. In the present study we characterize pol-alpha and DNA helicase-III (hel-III) in ECB during brain development and in BRCC's going through the stages of apoptosis. In both ECB and in human breast carcinoma cells, it was determined that hel-III forms a complex with pol-alpha. In ECB, the pol-alpha/hel-III complex was shown to be developmentally regulated. In the 11th day after fertilization, the pol-alpha/hel-III complex is present whereas by the later stages of development, the complex is no longer detectable. The level of enzymatic activity of both pol-alpha and hel-III was shown to decrease with embryonic aging. A novel DNA helicase assay, the radioactive oligonucleotide in membrane filtration effluent (ROME) assay, was developed. The ROME assay uses radiolabeled calf thymus DNA as the enzyme substrate. The oligonucleotide helicase product is then separated by membrane filtration and quantified. The ROME assay was then used to characterize DNA helicase activities in ECB. Optimum parameters (metal, nucleotide, and pH requirements) for the measurement of ECB DNA helicase activities were determined. The effect of cis-platin treatment on pol-alpha and helicase was tested. Treatment of human BRCC (SKBR3, MCF-7, and MDA-468) with cis-platin (anti-cancer drug) proved to induce apoptosis in each cell line. The progress of apoptosis was determined by phosphatidyl serine flopping with a novel dye (PSS-380) and DNA laddering. Activation of caspase-3 was observed within 24 hours of treatment. A dose dependent decrease of activities of pol-alpha and helicases was observed after 48 hours. Treatment with low concentration of cis-platin was able to break up the complex while high concentration treatment caused proteolysis of the proteins in the complex.