The language of love and friendship in Aelred of Rievaulx (Saint)

Schlubach, Jane Bullock University of Notre Dame 2001 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

Racial tension has remained a consistent problem throughout the 1990's on college campuses and Michigan State University has been no exception. Asked by the Provost of the University in 1995, to develop programming that would build community among the diverse student body, I set out to study what would happen if students were given opportunities that challenged their racial thinking and corresponding behaviors. The research question I posed that subsequently guided the creation and maintenance of a vibrant undergraduate race relations program—the Multiracial Unity Living Experience (MRULE) was: Can a multi-faceted university experience that engages a diverse group of college students to: learn, travel, interact and serve together empower them to become active change agents in their college years and beyond?. Using three major fields of scholarship: history, sociology, and women's studies in an interdisciplinary paradigm, the MRULE program is designed to exemplify the interdependency of theory and practice in an academic living/learning environment. Based on the following three pillars: social justice, human agency, and action research, the program educated over three hundred students in a five year period. Using Action Research methodology we identified problems together and took steps towards solutions, continually shaping and reshaping both theory and practice as the learning community MISSING TEXT family backgrounds and their experiences since coming to Michigan State University. The outcomes from these interviews, focus groups, and student evaluations demonstrated that students: (1) acquired increased knowledge of history and contemporary social problems, (2) experienced inspired activism around racial/social issues, (3) formed new and genuine friendships, and (4) made life-changing decisions. Several foundational conceptual and practical components shape the theory and practice of MRULE. The conceptual components challenge conventional norms in racial thinking and are studied in depth to empower students with applicable knowledge. These include: (1) studying history from a multiracial lens, (2) understanding historical agency, (3) contrasting the social construction of race and the oneness of the human race with fixed and distinct racial categories, (4) interrogating racial hierarchies, power and privilege, (5) exploring expansive definitions of unity in diversity which problematizes unity as sameness and diversity as divisiveness, and (6) looking at genuine, authentic interracial relationships based on mutuality and trust in both historical and contemporary settings. The MRULE practical components include: (1) substantial skill building in dialogue around sensitive and controversial issues, (2) building and sustaining genuine relationships, (3) developing leadership skills, and (4) community outreach. This study outlines how the MRULE program is a living, breathing example of scholarship and activism. Those concerned with the responsibility of higher education to create and sustain inclusive living and learning programs that: (1) attract a thoroughly diverse learning community, (2) provide academically challenging material on racial/social issues, and (3) offer meaningful opportunities to build genuine relationships across traditional racial lines, may find these discoveries compelling.

A rich metadata filesystem for scientific data

Bui, Hoang University of Notre Dame 2012 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

As scientific research becomes more data intensive, there is an increasing need for scalable, reliable, and high performance storage systems. Such data repositories must provide both data archival services and rich metadata, and cleanly integrate with large scale computing resources. ROARS is a hybrid approach to distributed storage that provides both large, robust, and scalable storage and efficient rich metadata queries for scientific applications. This dissertation presents the design and implementation of ROARS, focusing primarily on the challenge of maintaining data integrity and achieving data scalability. We evaluate the performance of ROARS on a storage cluster compared to the Hadoop distributed file system. We observe that ROARS has read and write performance that scales with the number of storage nodes. We show the ability of ROARS to function correctly through multiple system failures and reconfigurations. We prove that ROARS is reliable not only for daily data access but also for longtime data preservation. We also demonstrate how to integrate ROARS with existing distributed frameworks to drive large scale distributed scientific experiments. ROARS has been in production use for over three years as the primary data repository for a biometrics research lab at the University of Notre Dame.

Type Ia Supernovae: Testing the Cosmological Principle and Improving Distance Measurements with Implications for the Hubble Constant

Rose, Benjamin M. University of Notre Dame 2018 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

Type Ia supernovae (SN Ia) are standardizable candles and excellent distance indicators. For almost 25 years they have been used to measure the distance to extragalactic objects. When comparing distance versus velocity of distant objects, astronomers can put constraints on the content and dynamics of the universe.A major assumption of the best fit cosmological model (CDM) is that the universe is homogeneous and isotropic on large scales. That means there is no preferred location or direction. In relation to cosmology, isotropy means that at a sufficiently large scale, the relationship between distance and redshift should be uniform across the sky. That is, there should be no bulk flows at very large scales. Both theoretical and observational research in the past decade have begun to challenge this assumption.In the first part of this dissertation, I re-analyze the detectability of this large scale bulk flows based upon the redshift-distance relation for SN Ia. These are commonly referred to as dark flows. This analysis uses a model based upon the angular dependence of the deviation from Hubble flow on the sky. I apply this analysis to the Union2.1 SN Ia data and to the SDSS-II supernova survey. Results for low redshift, z < 0.05, are consistent with previous searches. I find a local bulk flow of vbf ~ 300 km s−1 in the direction of (l, b) ~ (270, 35)°. However, the search for a dark flow at Based upon simulated data sets, I deduce that the difficulty in detecting a dark flow at high redshifts arises primarily from the observational error in the distance modulus. Thus, even if it exists, a dark flow is not detectable at large redshifts with current SN Ia data sets. I estimate that a detection would require a SN Ia data set with both significant sky coverage, and a reduction in the effective distance modulus error from 0.2 mag to < 0.02 mag, at a redshift of 0.3. I estimate that a greatly expanded data sample of ~ 104 SN Ia might detect a dark flow as small as 300 km s−1 out to z = 0.3 even with a distance modulus error of 0.2 mag. This may be achievable in a next-generation large survey like the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope z > 0.05 is inconclusive.The second part of this dissertation focuses on improving the standardization of SN Ia. Since the mid 1990s, SN Ia have been corrected for light curve decline rate and photometric color. In the early 2000s, it started to become apparent that SN Ia peak luminosity was not just correlated with properties of the SN Ia but also with properties of the host galaxy. The residuals of the best fit cosmology should be the uncorrelated noise, but quantities like host stellar mass appear to be correlated with Hubble residuals.I continue the effort to improve distance measurements by looking to see if the age of the local stellar environment trends with Hubble residuals. I use a Bayesian method to estimate the age of the supernova's local (and global) environment by matching observed SDSS SEDs to an FSPS stellar population. At ~ 8 Gyr, there appears to be a 0.114±0.039 mag "step" in the average Hubble residual. This step is seen in both the local environment age and the average age of the host galaxy. Using principal component analysis (PCA) on the SALT2 parameters, host stellar mass, and local environment age we see that a combination of light curve stretch (x1), host stellar mass, and local age have a significant (4.7σ) correlation with Hubble residual. I find that x1, host mass, and age should be combined into a single parameter that best corrects for residuals in the Hubble diagram. Because there is a difference in the average properties of galaxies in the Hubble flow and nearby hosts used to calibrate the luminosities of SN Ia, this parameter may have a strong impact on the measurement of the current Hubble constant (H0). There appears to be a ~1.3% overestimation of H0 using SN Ia, detected at a a ~ 2.5σ level. This effect is less then the current 1! uncertainty of H0 and as such, does not relieve the full difference currently seen in the the measurement of H0 via the Cosmic Microwave Background radiation and with SN Ia.

By the same word: The intersection of cosmology and soteriology in Hellenistic Judaism, early Christianity and "Gnosticism" in the light of Middle Platonic intermediary doctrine

Cox, Ronald R University of Notre Dame 2005 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

Middle Platonism espoused an intellectual system that would explain how a transcendent supreme principle could relate to the material universe. The central aspect of this system was an intermediary, modeled after the Stoic active principle, which mediated the supreme principle's influence to the material world while preserving its transcendence. Having similar concerns as Middle Platonism, three religious traditions from the turn of the era (Hellenistic Jewish sapientialism, early Christianity, and "Gnosticism") appropriated Middle Platonic intermediary doctrine as a means for understanding their relationship to the Deity, to the cosmos, and to themselves. However, each of these traditions varies in their adaptation of this doctrine as a result of their distinctive understanding of creation and humanity's place therein. In particular Hellenistic Jewish sapientialism (Philo of Alexandria and Wisdom of Solomon) espouses a holistic ontology, combining a Platonic appreciation for noetic reality with an ultimately positive view of creation and its place in human fulfillment. Early Christians (those who speak in 1 Corinthians 8:6, Colossians 1:15-20, Hebrews 1:2-3, and the Johannine prologue) provide an eschatological twist on this ontology when the intermediary figure finds its final expression in the human Jesus Christ. On the other hand, Poimandres ( CH 1) and the Apocryphon of John, both associated with the traditional rubric "gnosticism," draw from Platonism to describe how creation is antithetical to human nature and its transcendent source.

Molecular quantum cellular Automata: synthesis and characterization

Christie, John A University of Notre Dame 2015 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

Molecular quantum cellular automata (QCA) is a computing paradigm that solves many of the problems plaguing current microprocessors. Molecules suitable for QCA are generally mixed-]valent and organometallic in nature. The aim of this thesis is to describe the synthesis and characterization of a variety of molecules. The majority of the molecules were targeted with the aim of studying their utility for molecular QCA. This thesis is a portion of a larger collaborative work that includes work from the labs of Lent, Snider, Kandel, and Corcelli at the University of Notre Dame. The introduction builds context for the majority of the work done in this dissertation. This includes a brief introduction to QCA and electron transfer in molecular systems. Chapter 2 focuses on the synthesis and characterization of a variety of substituted 1,2-]diferrocenylacetylenes. The synthesis of substituted 1,2-] diferrocenylacetylenes supports two goals: to study substituent effects on electron transfer and redox chemistry in the 1,2-]diferrocenylacetylene system, and to synthesize precursors for the preparation of more complex molecules found in later chapters. Chapter 3 focuses on the synthetic extension of substituted 1,2-] diferrocenylacetylene compounds from Chapter 2 to square planar tetraferrocenyl compounds. This supports two goals: incorporating functionality that allows for the exploration of supramolecular interactions on surfaces with our scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) collaborators, and incorporating functionality to prevent thermal motion during STM imaging. Chapter 4 focuses on the synthesis, oxidation, and characterization of a series of ferrocene substituted carboranes. Emphasis is placed on the characterization of electron transfer within 7-]Fc-]8-]Fc+-]7,8-nido -][C2B9H10]-] (4.3), which is found to be bridge mediated. Chapter 5 focuses on the synthesis and structural characterization of 1,2-]Fc-]1,2-] closo-]C2B10H10 (5.1 ). The compound is also explored computationally. Possible synthetic routes are discussed in the future work section with the intent of creating alternate metal analogues of this interesting compound. Chapter 6 is from an earlier, unrelated project. The focus of Chapter 6 is the synthesis of imidazolium-]containing metal organic frameworks with the end goal of utilizing these materials for gas separation, specifically, CO2 from N2. The work outlined in this chapter is incomplete due to a change in project focus.

Peace or war? Religion in the debate before the Iraq war

Morrissey, Christopher A University of Notre Dame 2012 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

In this dissertation, I analyze religious actors debating the decision to go to war in Iraq in 2003 as well as the religious cultural dimensions of the larger public discussion. I argue that one cannot adequately explain the country's entry into the war without understanding the role of public Christianity in the argument for it. Furthermore, by analyzing elite religious advocacy both opposed and in favor of the conflict, I theorize the sets of identity relations and cultural repertoires that explain whether religious advocates will support or criticize state-sponsored violence. I find that the varying identity relations between religion, nation, and state largely predict religious advocates' positions on the war. Given these basic religious positions, I then explicate the constellation of symbolic codes that inform and sustain the basic positions of religious advocates vis-a-vis war. These include the nature and constitution of political order, the nature of evil, the role of peace---particularly as it relates to the political order, the proper object of Christian love, and the value and practicality of nonviolence in the world. Additionally, I analyze patterns of discourse that differentiated between war supporters and war opponents---war supporters used less secular discourse than war opponents. I find that the social and political context primarily explains the particularly religious tenor of these actors. Advocates' sense of identity and their expertise influenced how they participated in the debate. Finally, I find the social sources of these distinct positions. Significant social contact with victims of structural violence tended to lead advocates to positions against the war. The dissertation concludes with a consideration of the direct contributions of this dissertation to academic understandings of religion, politics, war, and peace as well as its contributions to knowledge about public religion's relations to the politics of war and peace in America and our understanding of the relations between religion and violence.

Essays in economics using military-induced variation to study human capital development, excess sensitivity to income, and labor market decisions

Wojtaszek, Carl J University of Notre Dame 2015 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

This dissertation contains three essays that leverage the detailed nature of military data along with natural experiments found within the military environment to investigate questions that pertain to the manning and welfare of our modern military as well as inform areas of public and labor economics. The first chapter investigates the effect of job exit timing on the educational attainment of workers. A successful job transition often hinges on a worker's access to education and retraining. Yet, many obstacles outside the traditional education investment model potentially prevent this sizable non-traditional student population from attending college. I use a two-stage least-squares approach to investigate a previously unexplored dimension - the effect of job exit timing on educational attainment. Using detailed military records and GI Bill benefits data, I find that exiting the military with a seven months wait before a traditional semester start date reduces the likelihood that veterans use their GI Bill benefits by 8 percent and reduces their overall educational attainment by two months as compared to veterans who exit and experience no wait time. The effect of wait time is even larger in the first year of a veteran's transition from the military and is more pronounced among those in the middle third of the AFQT score distribution. The second chapter explores the sensitivity of charitable giving to the realization of large anticipated income changes. How charitable giving responds to these types of shocks has proved difficult to identify. Furthermore, decades of empirical research on the permanent income hypothesis provide no clear answer for the presence of excess sensitivity to income. Using information on soldier's charitable giving through the Combined Federal Campaign and variation in military income generated by bonus size and payment timing, I estimate the sensitivity of charitable giving to income changes. My findings suggest that soldiers are 5 -- 10 percent more likely to contribute to charity if they receive a large anticipated income shock during the charity campaign. I also find that the excess sensitivity diminishes with age and previous bonus exposure, suggesting that experience with consumption smoothing plays an important role. The third chapter examines the impact of military casualties and their salience on both the type and number of enlistments that occur in the following months. For over 40 years, the U.S. has relied on an all-volunteer military to defend its national interests. However, until the War on Terror, the sustainability of a volunteer army during war has remained untested. I exploit the timing and geographic variation of war casualties to estimate the impact of national and local war casualties on the enlistment decisions of new recruits. Using detailed data on military enlistments and casualties sustained during the War on Terror, I find a local casualty decrease the number of enlistments at the local entry station by .6 percent while a national level casualty decreases the number of enlistments by only .03 percent. More importantly, I find, conditional on enlisting, that local casualties also reduce enlistments into riskier military jobs and reduce the length of initial contracts more strongly than national casualties - presenting additional manning challenges for the military.

Nano-hetero functional materials for photocatalytic hydrogen generation

Tongying, Pornthip University of Notre Dame 2015 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

This dissertation focuses on designing nanomaterials and investigating their photocatalytic response for H2 generation. Hydrogen has gained a lot of attention as a new source of sustainable energy. It can be used to directly generate power in fuel cells and to produce liquid fuels such as methanol. Water splitting is an ideal (clean) way of producing H2 because it uses water and sunlight, two renewable resources. To explore the use of nanostructures and particularly nanostructure heterojunctions for photocatalytic H2 generation, four different systems have been synthesized: (i) CdSe nanowires (NWs), (ii) CdSe/CdS core/shell NWs, (iii) CdSe NWs decorated with Au or Pt nanoparticles, and (iv) CdSe/CdS NWs decorated with Au or Pt nanoparticles. This is motivated by (a) the fact that CdSe NWs absorb light from the UV to the near infrared (b) the NW morphology simultaneously enables us to explore the role of nanoscale dimensionality in photocatalytic processes (c) a CdS coating can enhance photogenerated carrier lifetimes, and (d) metal nanoparticles are catalytically active and can also enhance charge separation efficiencies. Charge separation and charge transfer across interfaces are key aspects in the design of efficient photocatalysts for solar energy conversion. Femtosecond transient differential absorption (TDA) spectroscopy has been used as a tool to reveal how semiconductor/semiconductor and metal/semiconductor heterojunctions affect the charge separation and hydrogen generation efficiencies of these hybrid photocatalysts. The use of this technique in concert with hydrogen evolution tests also reveal how CdS, CdSe and metal NP interact within metal NP decorated CdSe and CdSe/CdS NWs during photocatalytic hydrogen generation reactions. Electron transfer events across both semiconductor/semiconductor and metal/semiconductor heterojunctions are followed to identify where H 2 is evolved and the role each heterojunction plays in determining a system's overall efficiency. To extend my study beyond 1D CdSe NWs, 2D CdSe nanosheets (NSs) have been synthesized. The use of cation exchange allows synthesizing micrometer-sized crystalline thin CdSe nanosheets (NSs), otherwise difficult to produce directly through solution-based methods. Starting from cubic-phased Cu2-xSe NSs as a template, CdSe NSs are obtained by cation exchange of copper to cadmium. This exchange reaction preserves the 2D morphology of the starting NSs and also retains the cubic crystal structure. Resulting CdSe NSs have a lateral size up to 6 mum and an average of thickness approximately 6 nm. Such large lateral dimensions are advantageous for single sheet optical measurements and for applications in optical and electronic devices.

The development of metal-mediated methodologies for the syntheses of monocyclic and bicyclic oxamazins

Watson, Kyle D University of Notre Dame 2016 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

beta-Lactam antibiotics are arguably the most important discovery in the history of modern medicine. Because of these small molecules, minor infections are no longer necessarily considered a death sentence. However, in recent years, the prevalence of resistance to these life-saving compounds has dramatically increased. One way to combat resistance is to generate both new antibiotic compounds and new synthetic strategies to make these chemical entities. Oxamazins, heteroatom-activated beta-Lactams, have demonstrated activity similar to traditional beta-Lactams, and thus are of interest. Herein, we report different strategies for the syntheses of bicyclic and monocyclic oxamazins. In chapter 1, a broad overview of beta-Lactam antibiotics will be given including the discovery of these life-saving compounds and their historical syntheses. Several synthetic strategies for the closure of the beta-Lactam ring and subsequent elaboration will be discussed. The rapidly growing concern of bacterial resistance development and the means by which bacteria maintain their resistance will also be presented. In chapter 2, initial studies incorporating Pd (0) methodology will be discussed. In an attempt to take advantage of pi-allyl chemistry, several acyclic substrates were generated to test the utility of pi-allyl chemistry for the formation of monocyclic and bicyclic oxamazins. The syntheses of the substrates and the challenges associated with the Pd (0) chemistry are discussed. Additionally, an interesting new route to cephalosporins through the use of Pd(0) chemistry will be proposed. Finally, a new synthetic strategy for the rapid access of carbocyclic nucleosides utilizing the protocols discussed in this chapter will be hypothesized. In chapter 3, ring-closing olefin metathesis will be introduced and the utility of this versatile chemistry for the synthesis of the bicyclic oxamazin core will be explored. The core backbone of bicyclic oxamazins were synthesized and used in intramolecular ring-closing olefin metathesis reactions. The results of those studies will be presented. Finally, the potential of this chemistry to generate fully realized antibiotics will be discussed. In chapter 4, the incorporation of peripheral C-3 acylamine and ionizable group functionalization on the bicyclic oxamazin core generated from the use of ring-closing olefin metathesis will be presented. The synthesis of the fully functionalized bicyclic oxamazin was addressed through three pathways. The first focused on the generation two subunits: and amino acid and an aminooxy acid ester. Two other strategies employing later stage synthetic intermediates as scaffolds for further functionalization were also explored. Compounds generated through these pathways were tested for their biological activity and those data are presented as well.

Epistemic values in theoretical physics: Symmetries, conservation laws, and the strong nuclear interaction

Ruiz de Olano, Pablo University of Notre Dame 2016 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

In this dissertation I make three different claims concerning the role that symmetries and conservation laws played in particle physics in the 1950s and the 1960s, during the early history of the discipline. (Abstract shortened by ProQuest.).