A cephalometric study on the velopharyngeal changes after maxillary protraction

Lee, Nam-Ki,Cha, Bong-Kuen 대한치과교정학회 2006 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.36 No.2

이 연구의 목적은 훼이스마스크로 상악 전방견인치료를 받은 성장기 골격성 Ⅲ급 부정교합자 25명(남 10, 여 15, 평균나이 9.9세)에서 단기간의 정적인 구개범인두 변화를 측모두부방사선 계측사진상에서 선 계측, 각도 계측 및 비율 계측을 시행하여 평가하는 것이다. 경구개 평면각의 변화량은 maxillary depth 또는 N perp to A의 변화량과 음의 상관관계를 보였다(p <0.01). 경 연구개 각의 증가는 유의성이 있었으며, 이는 경구개 평면각의 변화보다 연구개 평면각의 변화의 영향을 더 받았다(p <0.001). 연조직 과 경조직 비인두 깊이의 증가는 유의성이 있었으며 (p <0.001), 이들의 변화량과 연구개 평면각의 변화량간에는 양의 상관관계를 보였다(p <0.05). 경구개 길이의 증가는 유의성이 있었으며 (p <0.001), 이는 연조직 비인두 깊이의 증량과 음의 상관관계를 보였다(p <0.05). Need 비율 S (C)의 증가는 유의성이 있었으나 (p <0.001), 이러한 증가는 이전 연구에서 보고된 Need 비율 S (C)의 정상범위 내에 있었다. 이 연구로 상악골의 전방견인 후에 정적인 구개범인두 부위에 변화가 있을지라도 구개범인두의 적격성이 유지됨을 알 수 있었다. The purpose of this study was to investigate cephalometrically the short term static velopharyngeal changes in 25 patients (10 boys and 15 girls, aged from 5 years 9 months to 12 years 10 months in the beginning of treatment) with skeletal Class Ⅲ malocclusions who underwent nonsurgical maxillary protraction therapy with a facemask The linear, angular and ratio measurements were made on lateral cephalograms. Only the change in hard palatal plane angle was negatively correlated with the change in maxillary depth or N-perp to A (p < 0.01). The change in velar angle showed a statistically significant increase (p < 0.001). This change was influenced more by the soft palatal plane angle than by the hard palatal plane angle (p < 0.001). The changes in soft tissue nasopharyngeal depth and hard tissue nasopharyngeal depth showed statistically significant increases (p < 0.001). Correlations between the changes in soft tissue (or hard tissue) nasopharyngeal depth and the change in soft palatal plane angle were significant (p < 0.05). The increase in hard palate length was statistically significant (p < 0.001). The change in hard palate length was negatively correlated with the change in soft tissue nasopharyngeal depth (p < 0.05). The change in need ratio S (C) showed a statistically significant increase (p < 0.001). But this difference was within the normal range reported by previous studies. These findings indicate that the velopharyngeal competence was maintained even if the anatomical condition of the static velopharyngeal area were changed after maxillary protraction.

茶山 詩文에 나타난 불교에 대한 인식 고찰

김봉남(Kim Bong nam) 대동한문학회 2017 大東漢文學 Vol.51 No.-

다산 정약용과 불교는 어떤 관계인가? 이것은 다산의 삶을 온전히 이해하고자 한다면 밀도 있게 살펴보지 않을 수 없는 문제이다. 왜냐하면 다산의 족적이 일생동안 전국의 여러 사찰들에 이르렀고, 여러 스님들과 교유를 맺었기 때문이다. 다산은 14세에 수종사를 유람한 것을 시작으로 전국의 여러 이름난 사찰을 방문하였다. 동림사･봉은사･천정암･천진암 등에서 다산은 청정한 삶을 견지하였고, 세속의 명리와 부귀공명을 멀리하였으며, 고단한 심신을 위로 받았다. 그리고 퇴락해가는 사찰의 운명을 안타까워 한 시를 통해 다산이 사찰의 존재를 소중하게 여겼다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 조선후기에 이르러 우리나라 전역에는 퇴락한 사찰이 많았는데, 이에 대해 다산은 관리들의 끝없는 탐욕이 사찰에까지 미쳐 털끝 하나의 이익도 놓치지 않으려고 하였기 때문이라고 하였다. 이는 조선후기에 많은 사찰이 황폐해진 이유가 탐관오리의 탐욕으로 인한 가혹한 세금 징수 때문이었음을 나타내는 대목이다. 다산은 청파 혜원･연담 유일･설파 상언･해일･연파 혜장･수룡 색성･기어자홍･망해 하일･석봉 현･초의 의순･수운 스님 등 여러 스님들과 교유하면서 주고받은 것이 많았다. 그 중에 다산이 가장 큰 영향을 받은 사람은 연담 유일과 연파 혜장이었다. 다산은 젊은 시절에 유일 스님으로부터 자신과 다른 것을 배척하지 않아야 淸淨함을 얻을 수 있고 청정해야 天眞을 얻을 수 있다는 가르침을 받았고, 유배지에서는 혜장 스님으로부터 존경과 사랑을 받으며 힘든 시간을 이겨냈다. 이처럼 다산이 연담 유일을 비롯한 여러 스님들과 사상적으로 통했던 것은 다산의 학문적 스펙트럼이 넓었던 이유도 있었지만, 조선후기의 불교가 유교사회에서 존립하기 위해 충효와 같은 윤리와 성리학적 명분을 적극 수용하고 성리학적 가치에 입각한 사상과 이념을 받아들였기 때문이었다. What is the relationship between Dasan Jeong Yak-yong and Buddhism? This is a problem that can not be overlooked if you want to fully understand the life of fertility. Because the footprints of Dasan have reached the various temples throughout the country for a lifetime, and they have formed communities with various monks. Dasan visited several famous temples throughout the country, starting with the tour of a ship at the age of 14. In donglimsa･bong-eunsa･cheonjeong-am･cheonjin-am, Dasan sustained a clean life, kept away from the spirit of secularism and riches, and comforted his tired mind and body. And I was able to find out that Dasan treasured the existence of the temple through the poetry of the fate of the deserted temple. In the late Joseon Dynasty, there were many deserted Buddhist temples all over the country, and Dasan said that the endless greed of the officials had gone to the temples and tried not to miss the profit of the bristles. This indicates that the reason for the ruin of many temples in the late Joseon period was due to the harsh taxes levied by corrupt greed. Dasan has many things that we exchanged with other monks such as Cheongpa Hyewon, Chongam Unique, Sulpa Sangnong, Haeil, Seo Haejang, Sui Ryongchung, Gear Maghong, Manghae Haile, Seokbong Hyun. Among them, the monks who had the greatest influence on Dasan were Yuil and Hyejang. Dasan was taught that when he was a young man, he must get rid of his own and other things from the monk Yuil to be cleansed and to be cleansed to obtain heavenly truth. And in the exile, I received the admirable love from the monk Hyejang. The reason why Buddhism in the late Joseon Dynasty accepted the moral and ethical justification as loyalty to exist in the Confucian society was that Dasan communicated ideologically with the monk Yuil, It was because he accepted ideas and ideas based on the values of the neo-Confucian values.

정상인의 경락전위측정 실험에 대한 연구(4) : 측정방법에 따른 정상인의 경락전위 비교를 중심으로 Comparing electrical potentials of healthy volunteers between two measurements

남봉현,최환수 대한침구학회 2001 대한침구의학회지 Vol.18 No.6

Objective : Assuming that the characteristic of meridian system has been similar to this of electric potentials in human body and that measurements of electric potential at well(井穴) and sea(合穴) points in branches of the twelve meridians will be representative of measurements of the twelve meridians, to measure the electric potentials in twenty aged and fifty aged healthy volunteers groups at sleeping(SG) and awakening(AG), and then to find out the characteristic of meridian system among 2 groups. Methods : We selected who thirty healthy volunteers were diagnosed by a blood test, urine examination and differentiation of syndromes by five viscera(五臟辨證) among volunteers. Their electric potential of well and sea points in the meridians were simultaneously measured by physiograph. Results : Measurements were analyzed by statistical factor analysis, we obtained that the both left and right side electric potential of well and sea points in branches of the twelves meridians were unclearly divided into four factors according to age and whether sleeping or not, which were the three Yin meridians of the hand, the three Yang channels of the hand, the three Yin meridians of the foot, and the three Yin meridians of the foot. Conclusion : In conclusion, using the sequently measuring method, we obtained that electrical potentials of well and sea points in branches of the twelves meridians were divided into two factors, but the simultaneously measuring method, those were divided into four factors. The latter result means that the electrical potentials of twelve meridians were reflected by the function of the viscera and bowels.

전도성 충전물을 이용한 도전성 판재의 제조기술 개발

남효덕,이현석,박봉국 嶺南大學校 工業技術硏究所 2003 工業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.31 No.1

As an effort of developing efficient materials for shielding EM waves, a fibrous sheet for shielding EMI is developed by adding conductive filler to fibrous sheet during hardening process. From the aspect that the conductivity is inversely proportional to the square value of the length of added material, the conductive filler is fabricated by electroless plating with nickel and copper to the polymer textile power which has very high anisotropy. The conducting sheet was also fabricated by applying proper amount of highly efficient conductive filler to the fibrous sheet. The results obtained by measuring the shielding characteristics of 1㎒∼1㎓ frequency range showed the EMI suppressing effectiveness of 10∼20 ㏈.

TV광고에 등장하는 어린이 모델의 표상에 관한 내용 분석

남경태,김봉철 한국방송광고공사 2004 광고연구 Vol.0 No.63

본 연구에서는 그 중요성에도 불구하고 학계의 연구가 소홀했던 어린이 광고모델의 사용 실태를 내용분석을 통해 알아보았다. 본 연구에서 사용된 표본 광고물은 OTTO사가 매달 제공하는 5개월간의 TV 광고물들이다(n=678). 국내 어린이 광고의 특징은 전통적으로 어린이 모델이 많이 사용되는 업종 외에, 가전제품, 자동차 등 다양한 제품군에 어린이 모델이 사용되고 있다는 점이었다. TV광고에서 어린이 모델이 보이는 다섯 가지 요인은 능력, 희망, 착함, 안정, 귀여움이었다. 속성에 관한 비교에서 여자 어린이가 남자 어린이보다 더욱 긍정적으로 묘사되고 있는 현상은 주목할 만하다. 선행연구와 비교했을 때, 그 정도가 약하다고는 해도 남녀 어린이가 등장하는 제품의 종류나 어린이 모델이 보이는 폭력성의 정도에서는 여전히 성별 차이를 드러내고 있었다. 마지막으로 본 연구의 한계를 극복하기 위한 연구주제와 방법들이 논의됐다. The authors content analyzed children models in advertising, the field of which has been neglected despite its importance. The sample (n=678) of the current study was the collection of 5 months TV commercials provided by OTTO. Children models were used not only in commercials for the products which children models were traditionally prevalent but also in various product types such as household electric appliances and automobiles. Five factors by which children models were portrayed in Korean TV advertising were capability, hope, goodness, composure, cuteness. In these factors, female children were depicted more positively than male children. Although gender inequality in children advertising was less serious than the findings of past studies, gender differences were still found in the kinds of products appropriate for each gender and the level of aggression. Finally, topics and methods for future researchers were discussed to overcome limitations of the current study.

Saccharomyces cerevisiae에서 Clostridium thermocellum Endoglucanase 유전자의 구성적 발현

남수완,정대균,정봉현 동의대학교 기초과학연구소 1998 基礎科學硏究論文集 Vol.8 No.1

To develop an effective and powerful yeast probiotics, Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains producing cellulolytic enzymes were genetically engineered. We constructed two plasmids in which the endoglucanase A gene, celA, of Clostridium thermocellum was connected in frame with ADH1 or GAPDH promoter. These plasmids were transformed into various S. cerevisiae host strains, and then the cell growth, expression level and plasmid stability between the transformed yeast cells were examined in the flask culture. The difference in genetic background of host strains did affect significantly the cell growth and expression level of endoglucanase. Based on the higher levels of cell growth(5.4∼5.9 g-DCW/L) and plasmid stability(79∼85%), three host cells(YNN27, 2805 and SEY2102) and ADH1 promoter were selected as optimal host-vector systems for the constitutive expression of celA. The recombinant yeast produced about 200 unit/L of endoglucanase as a growth-associated manner in the batch fermentation, due to the increased cell growth of 11∼13 g-DCW/L. In addition, 25∼38% and 53∼64% of the endoglucanase activity were detected in the culture medium and periplasmic space, respectively. These results indicate that the signal sequence of celA functioned well in S. cerevisiae cells and the recombinant yeast cells can be employed for the production of probiotics.

誤認된 科學的 槪念의 矯正을 위한 授業方法 探索

金奉珉,尹南渟 순천대학 학생생활연구소 1995 學生生活硏究 Vol.14 No.-

有機廢棄物의 Composting에 관한 實驗的 硏究

鄭鳳洙,許南秀 진주산업대학교 1984 論文集 Vol.22 No.-

This study has been carried out to investigate the condition to the change of ventilating amount and moisture content and the most suitable condition of each factor that organic matter in wastes is composting with small experimental apparatus during a week, The results of the study indicate the following conclusions: 1. At the moisture in the range of 40­70% the mean moisture content during discharge is showed the low value of 4.8% and it is considered that the most suitable moisture content is proper in the range of 55­65%. 2. At the ventilating amount in the range of 0.05­3.5ℓ/min. ㎏­vm, anaerobic condition at 0.05ℓ/min. ㎏­vm is unable to make rapid composting and at 3.5ℓ/min. ㎏­vm is able to make rapid composting to have weight loss of 3.3% because of moisture evaporation with excessive ventilation. 3. In the proper condition, the most suitable ventilating amount is in the range of 0.7­2.0ℓ/min. ㎏­vm and the highest temperature is 70℃. 4. pH value of each matter in the range of 4.7­8.0 and pH value during discharge is generally showed high value. 5. The sawdust with pH value at 4.7 is not become rapid composting because of slow temperature rising and the proper pH value is in the range of 7­8. 6. C/N ratio of each matter is showed in the range of 30­110 and generally its proper range is about 60. 7. The activity of microbes is the most active in the range of 45­50℃.

대전 3ㆍ4 산업단지 주변의 하천수 및 지하수오염 실태조사

조남운,김태응,손동훈,임봉수 대전대학교 산업기술연구소 2000 산업기술연구소 論文集 Vol.11 No.2

The purpose of this study is to investigate the quality of surface water and groundwater near the Daejeon 3.4 industrial complex. In the case of surface water quality as considered by BOD, the water quality of the Hyun-do Bridge in Kum river was suitable to the class II (less than 3mg/L) of environmental standard for the river. The water quality of Bool-lo Dong in Kum river after joins Kab stream was class III (less than 6mg/L) and the water quality of Kab-chun Bridge was over class V as over about 8mg/L(less than 10mg/L). In the result for the groundwater at Wit-mal, the NO3-N concentration was average 14.6mg/L and maximum 23.4mg/L that was about twice more than the drinking water quality standard regulations(10mg/L). In other points, the groundwater quality was inadequate to the standard for a few items.

척수손상 환자의 합병증

김봉옥,박상균,남명호,윤승호 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1990 충남의대잡지 Vol.17 No.2

To evaluate the rehabilitative care needs of the patients with spinal cord injury in this regional area, the complications which were seen in the department of rehabilitation medicine in Chungnam National University Hospital during the 1st year since the opening of the isolated rehabilitation medicine ward in September 1989 were analyzed. The study population was consisted of 25 men and 2 women. Nine cases (33.3%) were in the 20-29 age group and 11 cases (40.8%) were injured by traffic accident, the most common cause of traumatic spinal cord injury in this study. Sixteen cases(59.2%) were paraplegics and eleven cases(40.8%) were quardriplegics. The duration from the onset of injury to admission to the department of rehabilitation medicine ranged from 21 days to 14 years with mean of 18 months. The complications seen in this study were as follows. 1. Urinary tract infections, most common complication, were found in 14 cases (51.6%) followed by decubitus ulcers (44.4%), edema of leg (22.2%), spasticity (18.5%). 2. The most common organism of urinary tract infection was E.coli(43.0%). 3. Among the 22 cases which underwent IVP and VCUG, 2 cases showed hydronephrosis in IVP and 4 cases showed vesicoureteral reflux in VCUG. 4 The most common site of pressure sores was sacrum(53.3%). 5. The mean duration of pressure sore healing with non-surgical treatment was 18 days in Grade II and 42 days in Grade III. With the above results, it is concluded that most frequent complications of patients with spinal cord injury were urinary tract infection and pressure sores, with most of them being occurred before the admission to department of rehabilitation medicine and being treated completely during the stay in the department of rehabilitatiom medicine, and that the comprehensive rehabilitation treatment for the prevention of complications is necessary from the onset of injury.