유질개선(乳質改善)을 통한 락농가(酪農家) 소득증대(所得增大): SCC와 유방염(乳房炎)을 중심으로

손봉환 ( Bong Whan Sohn ),최진영 ( Gin Young Choi ),배도권 ( Do Kown Bae ),정충일 ( Chung Ill Chong ) 한국가축위생학회 1997 韓國家畜衛生學會誌 Vol.20 No.3

The study for a effect of monitoring on bovine mastitis was conduced for improvement of raw milk from Jan. to Dec. in 1996. Sampling the milk of 367 cows(1,406 quarters) from 5 herds in Inchon and were carried out California mastitis test(CMT), somatic cell count(SCC), isolation of pathogens and antibiotic sensitivity tests. The results were summarized as follows, 1. The number of bovine mastitis was 177 cows(48.2%) and 371 quarters(26.4%); clinical mastitis: 25 cows(6.8%), 32 quarters(2.3%) and subclinicsl mastitis: 152 cows(41.4%), 339 quarters(24.1%). Incidence rate of mastitis by season were Summer 52.0%, Fall and Winter 48% and Spring 41%. Incidence rate of mastitis by quarters were Summer 30%, Fall 28%, Winter 25% and Spring 21%, respectively. 2. In the distribution of CMT degree by quarter, CMT positive(CMT±) of 1,406 quarters milk were 50.1%(704 quarters). The ratio of CMT positivity by quarter were left front quarter 55.8%, right front quarter 48.9%, right hind quarter 48.6% and left hind quarter 47%. The ratio of CMT positivity by season were Summer 54.1%, Fall 49.7%, Spring 48.5% and Winter 48%. 3. The highest mean SCC by season among 5 herds was “A” herd. Mean SCC (cell/ml) ofA herd were Summer 2,032,000cells/ml, Fall 1,109,000cells/ml, Winter 782,000cells/ml and Spring 577,000cells/ml. The lowest mean SCC by season among 5 herds was “E” herds. Mean SCC of E herd were Summer 1,064,000cells/ml, Spring 795,000cells/ml, Fall 429,000cells/ml and Winter 400,000cells/ml. Mean SCC of the other herds by season were little difference. 4. The milk samples of “A” herd were collected from 10 cows. In 3 seasons, mean 5CC of No. 2 and 3 cows were than 1,000,000cells/ml. In 1 season, mean SCC of No. 6, 7 and 8 cows were than 1,000,000cells/ml. The more than mean SCC 1,000,000cells/ml of cows by season were distributed Summer 4 cows, Winter 3 cows, Spring and Fall 1 cow respectively. The milk samples of “B” herd were collected from 14 cows. In 3 seasons, mean SCC of No. 1 cow was more than 1,000,000cells/ml. In 2 seasons, mean SCC of No. 5,9 and 14 cows were more than 1,000,000cells/ml. In 1 season, No. 3,6 and 7 cows were more than 1,000,000cells/ml. The more than mean SCC 1,000,000cells/ml of cows by season were distributed Fall and Winter 4 cows respectively, Summer 3 cows and Spring 1 cow. The milk samples of “C” herd were collected from 18 cows. In 2 seasons, mean SCC of No. 16 cow was more than 1,000,000cells/ml. In 1 season, mean SCC of No. 1, 2, 6, 7, 13, 15 and 18 cows were more than 1,000,000cells/ml respectively. The more than mean SCC 1,000,000cells/ml of cows by season were distributed Summer 5 cows, Fall 3 cows, Spring 2 cows and Winter 1 cow. The milk sampes of “D” herd were collected 24 cows. In 3 season, mean SCC of No. 14 cow was more than 1,000,000cells/ml. In 2 seasons, mean SCC of No. 14 and 18 cows were more than 1,000,000cells/ml. In 1 season, mean SCC of No. 1, 2, 3, 8, 12, 17, 19, 20 and 21 cows were more than 1,000,000cells/ml. The more than mean SCC 1,000,000cells/ml of cows were distributed Fall 15 cows, Spring and Winter 4 cows respectively and Summer 3 cows. The milk samples of “E” herd were collected from 27 cows. In 2 seasons, mean SCC of No. 6, 7 and 21 cows were more than 1,000,000cells/ml. In 1 season, mean SCC of No. 2, 4, 7, 11, 14, 16 and 23 cows were more than 1,000,000cells/ml. The more than mean SCC 1,000,000cells/ml of cows were distributed Spring and Fall 5 cows respectively, Summer and Winter 2 cows, respectively. 5. The rate of isolated pathogenic microorganisms from bovine mastitis were summarized as follows: Staphylococcus sp 168 strains(45.8%), Streptococcus sp 82 strains(22.3%), Gram(-) sp 45 strains(12.3%), Gram(+) sp 51 strains and the other sp 21 strains(5.7%). 6. The highest of antibiotic sensitivity test of each microorganism was summarized as follows: Staphyolcoccus sp-cephalosporin 76%, gentamicin 55%, Streptococcus sp-ampicillin 61%, cephalosporin 63%, Gram(-) sp-gentamicin 58%, Gram(+) sp-cephalosporin 63%, The other sp-cephalosporin 90%. Microorganisms showed the highest sensitivity(68%) to cephalospsorin.

간질방제(肝蛭防除)에 대한 지도효과(指導效果)(3)

손봉환 ( Bong Whan Sohn ),황현순 ( Hyun Sun Hwang ),한태호 ( Tae Ho Han ) 한국가축위생학회 1992 韓國家畜衛生學會誌 Vol.15 No.1

For evaluation on effects guiding fasciola prevention of which the specimens collected from 6,011 cows rears at 387 farms in inchon were tested to egg count examination for 4 years(1987-1990), and the questionnaire checked up 181 dairy farms for 2 years (1989-1990). The results were summarized as follows. 1. A yearly variation of fasciola infection rate above 31% were 83% in 1987, 58% in 1988, 25% in 1989, noninfection in 1990. 2. The average concentration in feces of infected dairy cattle was 79.4% below 1-10 eggs for 4 years(1987-1990). 3. In the results of the questionnaire for 2 years(1989-1990) the farmers gradually took interest in fasciola prevention. 4. To re-dose anthelmintics was 75.4% in 1989 and 82.5% in 1990 after 5~7 months from previous dosage.

건유기 유방염 치료제 Nophazin의 야외응용시험

손봉환 ( Bong Whan Sohn ),황현순 ( Hyun Soon Hwang ),김종훈 ( Jong Hoon Kim ),최진영 ( Jin Young Choi ) 한국가축위생학회 1990 韓國家畜衛生學會誌 Vol.13 No.2

A field test using Nophazin (drying off period therapeutics) was done from May, 1989 to October, 1989. 299 quarters of 75 cows from 28 herds were tested. The results were summarized as follows. 1. At the day 7 after parturition, CMT-was 81.60%, clots were removed perfectly, removal rate of hard, hot, pain was 99.6%, only one hard 0.35% was maintained. Recovery rate of general symptoms was 100%. 2. Recovery rate in Nophazin treatment was 100% in Micro-coccus SPP, Corynebacterium SPP, and unisolated, 97.06% in Enterobacterid SPP, 95.58% in Staphylococcus SPP, 91.67% in other Bacilli, 89.19% in Streptococcus SPP, Overall recovery rate was 95.32%, And fungi did not react. 3. The ratio of isolated microorganisms was Staphylococcus SPP 49.8%, Streptococcus SPP 16.3%, Enterobacteria SPP 15.0%, Micrococcus SPP 7.9% Corynebacterium SPP 4.4%, Pseudomonas SPP 2.6%, Bacilli 2.6% and Fungi 1.3%. 4. The range of sensitivity of each microorganism to therapeutics is as follow: Staphylococcus SPP 61.1~94.7%, Streptococcus SPP 51.4~91.9%, Micrococcus SPP 44.4~94.4%, Corynebacterium SPP 70~80%, Enterobacteria SPP 11.8~88.2%, and other Gram negative bacilli 8.3~83.3%. Overall sensitivity was in the range of 50.4~92.0%, Microorganisms showed the highest sensitivity (80~94.7%) to Nophazin. 5. New intramammary infection rate was 3.96% (9 strains) at paturition, 8.37% (19 strains) at the day 7 after paturition. Persistent organism was 6.17% (14 strains). 6. There was no side effect of Nophazin treatment.

간질감염우(肝蛭感染牛)에 대한 구충적기(驅蟲適期) 검토(檢討)(2)

손봉환 ( Bong Whan Sohn ),강구식 ( Gu Sik Kang ),한태호 ( Tae Ho Han ) 한국가축위생학회 1992 韓國家畜衛生學會誌 Vol.15 No.1

A survey on the dosage optimal time for the bovine fascioliasis was carried out from Jan. 1987 to Dec. 1990. The results were summarized as follows: 1. The mean infection rate was 27.7%(1,662 heads were infected out of 3,247 heads in 205 herds). A seasonal infection rate was winter(34.6%) >spring(32.5%) >summer(24.7%) > autumn(22. 8%) 2. In the density of the fasciola spp. egg of infected bovine feces remarks 79.6% on the range below 10. 3. The density of fasciola spp. egg is not directly proportinal to the infection rate, and remarks on the range from 5 to 20. 4. In the herds dosed vermifuge the appearance of the fasciola spp. egg is as follows; 1~3 months show 3.8% and 4~6 months 8.5%. 5. The dosage optimal time for the bovine fasciliasis is as follows; 1) According to the monthly infection rate the first dosage optimal time is Dec and Feb and the second-Jun and Aug. 2) In the herd dosed vermifuge the dosage optimal time is to dose twice by 60 days interval after 3~4 months from previous dosage.

소, 돼지, 닭의 호흡기병(呼吸器病)과 설사(泄瀉)에 대한 Norfloxacin 주사(注射) 및 경구용(經口用) 제제(製劑)의 야외치료(野外治療) 실험(實驗)

손봉환 ( Bong Whan Sohn ),황현순 ( Hyun Sun Hwang ),김종훈 ( Jong Hun Kim ),한태호 ( Tae Ho Han ),배도권 ( Do Kwon Bae ) 한국가축위생학회 1991 韓國家畜衛生學會誌 Vol.14 No.2

A field trial of norfloxacin on bovine 206, swine 222 and poultry 205 with respiratory diseases and diarrhea was conducted from Sept 1, 1990 to Jan 30, 1991 in Inch`on and Kyonggi-do. The results are as follows. 1. Guinea pigs and rabbits were dosages 10 and 20 times normal. Ten days of observation saw no side effect. 2. Oral treatment on bovine, swine and poultry showed a curing rate of 82.00~89.06% (Mean 86.00%), compared with 87.27-96.36%(Mean 92.24%) by injection. 3. The curing rate was 81.92% by the fourth treatment. 4. The curing rate with and without the use of adjuvant was 80.00~100% and 83.60~93. 10%, respectively, for swine, and 81.82~100% and 82.00~97.14% for bovine. 5. The curing rate was more dependent on seriousness of illness, environment and time than age. 6. The main disease causing bacteria of bovine respiratory diseases; Haemolytic Sta 27.62%, Haemolytic Str 33.33%, sum of this bacteria is 60.95%, diarrhea: Haemolytic coliform 80.20%, swine respiratory diseases: Haemophilus Spp 20.95%, Haemolytic Sta 72%, Haemolytic Str 21.90%, Sum of these bacteria is 68.57%, diarrhea: Haemolytic coliform 57.26%, poultry respiratory diseases; mycoplasma Spp 29.52%, Haemolytic Sta 13.33%, Sum of this bacteria is 42.85%, diarrhea: Haemolytic coliform 53. 00%. 7. The curing rate of norfioxacin by species of strain, the unidentified bacteria on bovine respiratory diseases was the lowest with 77.78°o, the others ranged from 84.21°o to 10000 with most of them over 90%. 8. The loss of clinical sign on bovine and swine was the highest when after 2~4 application . 9. In terms of antibiotic sensitivity test, norfloxacin was the highest with 84.62~100% (mean 90.09%) among eight bacterias, only 5 of 15 antibiotics had a sensitivity of over 56. 25%, showing a high degree of tolerance.

체세포수(體細胞數)(Somatic Cell Counts)를 주로한 원유질(原乳質)의 평가(平價) -원유등급제도(原乳等級制度)에 의한 유질향상(乳質向上)과 산유량(産乳量) 증가방안(增加方案)-

손봉환 ( Bong Whan Sohn ),강구식 ( Gu Sik Kang ) 한국가축위생학회 1991 韓國家畜衛生學會誌 Vol.14 No.2

The somatic cell counts SCC and bacteria counts were done by D milk plant, P milk plant, S milk plant and Inch`on Vet. Serv. Lab from 1987 to 1990 with Coulter counter, Fossomatic 90, Bactoscan, Rolling ball viscometer and Resazurin reduction test. The results were summarized as follows. 1. In the distribution of SCC of the bulk herd milk, D milk plant from Nov. 1989 to Oct. 1990 remarks 80.2% on the range below 500,000, 14.5% ranging from 1,000,000 to 1,500,000, 1.2% ranging from 1,500,000 to 2,000,000, 0.69% ranging from 2,000,000 to 3,000,000, 0.71% on the range over 3,000,000. P milk plant remarks 237,000 in the first half year and 251,000 in the second half year in 1990 year. S milk plant remarks annual average of 335,000 in 1987, 273,000 in 1988 and 262,000 in 1989. The individual record of Inch`on Vet. Serv. Lab, remarks 79.35% and 80.2% below 500, 000 8.30% and 7.40% from 500,000 to 1,000,000, 2.37% and 3.2% from 1,000,000 to 1,500,000, 2.77% and 2.30% from 1,500,000 to 2,000,000, 1.67% and 2.00% from 2,000,000 to 3,000,000, 5.53% and 4.40% over 3,000,000 in 1989 and 1990, respectively. The grade distirbution of SCC is as follows; D milk plant shows 1st grade-80.20%, 2nd grade-16.5% and 3rd grade-3.30°o. And P milk plant shows all 1st grade. S milk plant shows 87.30%, 8.6% and 4.1°o in 1987 and 91.90%, 6.1% and 2.0% in 1988, and 92.40%, 6.1% 무이.5% in 1989 on the 1st, 2nd and 3rd grade respectively. 2. The distribution of bacteria. P milk plant reached 15,123 in 1st half year and 21.515 in 2nd half year. Also, S milk plant reached 81.5%, 12.5%, 6.0% in 1987, and 86.20%, 9.70%, 4.1% in 1988, and 86.2%, 10.8%, 3.0% in 1989 respectively for 1st, 2nd and 3rd grade. 3. The regional SCC distribution in D milk plant shows 1,540,000 in three regions and 714,000 in one region. And monthly SCC distribution shows 671,000 in December and 1,165,000 in June. 4. As a result of the individual SCC test, 9 times for 16 cows in , “I” farm(1986-1988), and 6 times for 13 cows in “D” farm(1987-1988) No.3, 5, 9, 14 cows in “I” farm showed the high SCC beyond 1,000,000 over 4-5times. 5. If the SCC over 300,000 reach 40%, the national producing quality of milk can be reduced by 87,600M /1 annually and in the sum of money, it should be about 35.5 billion Won. 6. The difference between high group and low group for SCC in D milk plant reached over 1,000,000. In case that the difference reaches 1,000,000 in the farm bulk milk at a farm breeding 20 cows which produce 20kg milk per day, it was estimate that the annual difference of producing quantity and sum of money respectively should be reached 26,280kg in milk and 10, 643,400 Won in income.

우의 유방염과 Somatic Cell Count 관계의 문헌적 고찰 (하)

손봉환,Sohn Bong Whan 대한수의사회 1985 대한수의사회지 Vol.21 No.8

It was carried out to a general review of relation between bovine mastitis and somatic cell count in milk. The results were summarized as follows; 1. The term 'Somatic' means derived from body. Since both leukocytes and epithelial cell are body cell, tota

도축 자유우 질병에 관한 연구

손봉환,김종훈,최진영,최영래,Sohn Bong-whan,Kim Jong-hoon,Choi Jin-young,Choi Young-lea 대한수의사회 1986 대한수의사회지 Vol.22 No.8

The detailed cases of diary cattle diseases are surveyed in Inchon Packinghouse for a year of 1985 and results were as follows. 1. The incidence rate by diseases are $31.95\%$ in urogenital system, $19.91\%$ in mamary system, $1

원유내(原乳內) 체세포수(體細胞數) 측정(測定)을 위한 Fossomatic과 Coulter Counter 방법(方法)의 비교(比較)

이연구 ( Chung Goo Lee ),손봉환 ( Bong Whan Sohn ),이정길 ( Chung Gil Lee ),고홍범 ( Hong Bum Koh ) 한국가축위생학회 1993 韓國家畜衛生學會誌 Vol.16 No.1

Samples of bulk herd milk, foremilk, last milk(stripping) and individual cow sample were collected and their somatic cell number were counted with Fossomatic counter(FCC), Coulter counter(CC), direct microscopic somatic cell count(DMSCC) and Califormia mastitis test(CMT). The results were compared and summarized as fallows: 1. Mean somatic cell counts of 120 bulk herd milk samples obtained by DMSCC, FCC and CC were 433,203, 481,213 and 676,245 respectively. 2. Mean somatic cell counts of 116 foremilk samples obtained by DMSCC, FCC and CC were 515,035, 611,845 and 725,051 respectively. 3. Mean somatic cell counts of 87 last milk samples obtained by DMSCC, FCC and CC were 718,506,839,874 and 1,041,160respectively. 4. Mean somatic cell counts of 57 individual cow samples obtained by DMSCC, FCC and CC were 449,258, 491,018 and 621,315 respectively. 5. Mean somatic cell counts of all samples increased with the increasing CMT score, and the cell counts were higher by CC than by FCC. 6. The correlation coefficients between the somatic cell counts by CMT and CC were 0.926 in bulk herd milk, 0.707 in foremilk 0.688 in last milk and 0.675 in individual cow sample, respectively. 7. The correlation coefficients between the somatic cell conuts by CMT and FCC were 0.945 in bulk herd milk, 0.705 in foremilk 0.694 in last milk and 0.727 in individual cow sample, respectively. 8. The correlation coefficients between the somatic cell conuts by CC and FCC were 0.978 in bulk herd milk, 0.997 in foremilk 0.983 in last milk and 0.986 in individual cow sample, respectively.

仁川直轄市 牛結核의 疫學的 硏究

Tae Ho HAN(韓泰浩),Bong Whan SOHN(孫奉煥),Jong Hoon KIM(金鍾薰),Jin Young CHOI(崔鎭永) 한국예방수의학회 1990 예방수의학회지 Vol.14 No.3

Intradermal test using the heat concentrated synthetic medium and purified protein derivative tuberculin has been applied for the detection of bovine tuberculosis. The data accumulated during the years of 1984 to 1989 were analysed with epidemiologic factors affecting tuberculin reaction. Incidence of tuberculin reactors in dairy cattle in 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988 and 1989 were 0.20%, 0.40%, 0.15%, 0.37%, 0.04% and 0.06%, respectively. Distribution of tubercle lesions by the induration size (≥10㎜) were 63.3%. Cattle slaughtered with HCSM tuberculin reactors were 90.2%, whereas PPD tuberculin reactors were 9.8%. Incidence of bovine tuberculosis in dairy cattle in Namku, Namdongku, Soku and Bukku were 40.02%, 39.22%, 7.84%, 3.92%, respectively. Incidence of bovine tuberculosis by 2, 3, 4 and 5 years of age were 41.18%, 23.53%, 9.80% and 11.76%, respectively. Incidence of bovine tuberculosis by the farms reared with 1~5, 6~10, 11~20 and 31~50 cattle herd scales were 12.5%, 18.75%, 31.15% and 12.5%, respectively. Incidence of tubercle lesions in the lungs, pulmonary lymph nodes and mesenteric lymphnode were 18.6%, 27.9% and 29.5%, respectively.