파종당시의 종서취급방식이 추작 마령서의 발아에 미치는 영향

김봉구,Bong-Ku Kim 한국작물학회 1970 Korean journal of crop science Vol.- No.8

안성지방에서 8월말경 마령서의 추작을 할때 남작을 2pm의 Gibberellin 용액에 10분간 침적해서 파종할 경우 종서의 취급방식이 파종후의 종서부패와 발아생육에 미치는 영향에 관해서 실험한 성적을 요약하면 다음과 같다. (1) 절단종서의 절단면을 직사일광에 조사하면 파종후의 종서부패와 발아생육의 지연을 초래하였는데 조사시간이 3시간이상 되면 피해는 막심하다. (2) 토양수분이 넉넉하고 직사일광에 오래 쏘이지만 ?\ulcorner으면 직파를 해도 최아정식하는 것 보다 종서부패가 많지 않다. (3) 종서부패가 적으면 직파하는 것이 최아정식하는 것보다 본포에서의 호착기간이 필요없기 때문에 생육이 빠르다. (4) 종서절편을 파종전 3일간 독속에 넣고 대하여 절구의 유상조직형성을 촉진해보려는 시도는 실해하였는데 이는 독속의 고습도유지가 안되었기 때문이라고 추측된다. (5) 처리 및 파종작업이 단기간에 끝인다면 일기의 영향은 청천이나 담천이나 다름이 없다. (6) 포장수분이 부족하지 않으면 관수를 해도 부패경감이나 발아촉진의 효과가 나타나지 않았다. It is one of the important subjects in fall crop production of potatoes in korea to find the proper direct planting method as a substitute for transplanting method by sprouting inducement at seed-bed. From this point the author has undertaken this experiments to examine the effects of several handling methods of seed tuber pieces at planting on sprouting of fall grown potatoes at Ansung Agricultural College from August to september in 1969. The results of experiments induced sprouting with Gibberellin treatment using the variety Irish Cobbler were as follows; 1. Sun light exposure treatment to cut surface of potato seed pieces resulted in rotting of seed pieces and delay of sprouting and bud growth. Exposure more than three hours induced severe rotting(more than fifty percent) of seed pieces (Table I). 2. When soil moisture are abundant and the duration of sun light. exposure is short, even direct planting method of treated seed pieces with Gibberellin resulted in good potato stands (Table 2). 3. The direct planting method, as the rotting of seed pieces are avoidable are applicable in fall crop production of potatoes us a substitute for transplanting method because the sprouting and bud growth are promoted more in case of direct planting than transplanting (Table 3). 4. When the humidity in the bottle was low no healing effects was found by holding the seed pieces in large closed bottle under the trees for three days before planting (Table 2). 5. If duration of sunlight exposure is short, no difference of potato stands between clear day planting and cloudy day plant ing (Table 3). 6. As long as soil moisture deficiency. was not induced the irrigation at planting shows no effects to protect the seed piece rotting after planting (Table 3).

보리의 稈長 및 强稈性 遺傳

Bong Ku Kim(金鳳九),Chang Hwan Cho(曺章煥),Jeung Haing Oh(吳正行),Kil Wong Chung(鄭吉雄),Je Cheon Chae(蔡濟天),Ouk Kyu Han(韓玉圭) 한국육종학회 1995 한국육종학회지 Vol.27 No.2

This study was conducted to investigate the inheritance of culm length and straw stiffness, and to observe the relationship between culm length and other agronomic characteristics in barley. Triple bearded club mariout (C. I. 2523) having the characters of short culm length and straw weakness was crossed with three barley cultivars, Gangbori, Olbori and Chalbori having long culm length and straw stiffness. Culm length, straw stiffness and agronomic characters in parents, F₁ and F₂ were investigated the in field. All three barley crosses, C. I. 2523/Gangbori, C. I. 2523/Olbibori and C. I. 2523/Chalbori, showed good fitness to F₂ segregation ratio of 3 long : 1 short in culm length. The short culm length of C. I. 2523 may be controlled by single recessive gene. Culm length showed positive phenotypic and genotypic correlations with each of 3rd and 4th internodes. Culm length was significantly associated with the leaf blade length but not with the leaf blade width. The negative phenotypic and genotypic correlations were observed between culm length and heading date in all three barley F₂ populations. Culm length also revealed significantly positive phenotypic and genotypic correlations with number of grains per spike, grain weight per spike, number of spike per plant, 1,000-grain weight and yield per plant. F₂ analysis suggested that Gangbori carries one recessive gene associated with straw stiffness and chalbori may carry one dominant gene. C. I. 2523/Olbori F₂ showed the segregation ratio of 13 stiff : 3 weak in stiffness of straw, implying the genetic interaction between alleles. Culm length showed highly positive phenotypic and genotypic correlations with the outside diameter of culm and the weight of culm breaking.

동적 승차감(ride comfort) 평가를 위한 해석 및 시험기법

김학균(Kim Hak Gyun),편종권(Pyun Jong Kweon),허준열(Heo Jun Yeol),이봉준(Lee Bong Jun),박상도(Park Sang Do),김봉구(Kim Bong Ku),고병식(Ko Byung Sik),김송정(Kim Song Jeong) 한국자동차공학회 2009 한국자동차공학회 학술대회 및 전시회 Vol.2009 No.11

SEAT(Seat Effective Amplitude Transmissibility) index is used to evaluate a ride comfort under a vehicle driving condition. The objective evaluation methodology using several accelerometers is proposed to derive objective index which is more reasonable than subjective evaluation. Moreover, CAE (Computer Aided Engineering) methodology is proposed to obtain simulation results using the measured acceleration data at seat mountings as input conditions to seat system assembly. Finally, several case studies are conducted for maximizing a ride comfort using CAE model.

질소시용이 수도품종의 절간조직구조에 미치는 영향 및 조직구조와 수상특성과의 관계

이동진,김기준,이종훈,김봉구,채제천,Lee, Dong-Jin,Kim, Ki-Joon,Lee, Jong-Hoon,Kim, Bong-Ku,Chae, Je-Cheon 한국작물학회 1985 한국작물학회지 Vol.30 No.1

본 실험은 질소시용수준에 따른 수도절간의 조직구조에 미치는 영향과 품종간차이 및 조계구조와 수상특성과의 관련성을 구명코자 실시하였는바 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 각 절간의 대유관속수 및 크기는 질소무비구에 비하여 질소증시구에서 증가하였고, 특히 그 수는상위제 1절간에서, 크기는 상위제3·4·5절간에서 뚜렷한 차이를 나타냈다. 통일계품종은 일반계품종보다 대유관속수가 많았고. 크기가 컸다. 2. 통기강수는 질소를 증시함에 따라 질소무비구에 비하여 많았다. 상위제3·4절간에서 통기강수 및 크기의 품종간차이를 보였고, 특히 상위제 3절간에서 풍산벼와 추청벼는 통기공이 발달되었으나 유신과 진흥은 발달되지 않았다. 3. 대유관속수와 크기 및 절간굵기와 수상특성(수장, 1·2차지경 및 영화수)과는 밀접한 정의 상관을 나타냈다

麥類의 品種育成發達過程과 新品種普及이 食糧增産에 미치는 影響

Chang Hwan Cho(曺章煥),Bong Ku Kim(金鳳九) 한국육종학회 1985 한국육종학회지 Vol.17 No.4

These trials were designed (1) to study breeding method, observation for the characters investigated, cultural method and the process of the change in the characteristics which have been applied to breeding for the barley and wheat varieties since 1906, (2) to suggest the direction for breeding a more ideal early maturing, winter hardy and high yielding varieties on the basis of the results, (3) and to supply to farmers how much the new barley and wheat varieties would yield, and how much they would contribute to increase their income. The results obtained are summarized as follows : 1. Barley and wheat species were named and first recorded in 1273. In 1429, those varieties were named and first recorded. It is supposed that actually the names of barley and wheat species would exist before those times. 2. Korean landraces, introduced varieties and bred varieties were cultivated in Korea Suweon 18, Jecheon 5, Buheung, Olbori, Gangbori in barley and Yukseong 3, Norin 4, Changkwang, Chokwang in wheat. 3. Selection techniques have been improved using new techniques for earliness in narrow sense, short day response and growth habit, wet tolerance, disease resistance, including scab, stem rust, leaf rust and powdery mildew, viviporous germination and acid toxity, etc for breeding promising lines in barley and wheat. 4. The origin of semi-dwarf genes of wheat dates back to the Anzunbaengimil in Korea. The variety was introduced to Japan from Korea between 1592-1599 or 1904-1905. Japanese selected Daruma and Norin 10 from it. Norin 10 was introduced by Dr. Salmon and given out to Dr. Vogel who developed high yielding varieties such as Gaines and Nugaines from it. Norin 10/Brevor 14 was given out to Dr. Borlaug in CIMMYT, who developed and released semi-dwarf, high yielding, spring varieties made great contributions to world wheat production. 5. Field heading date of barley become earlier in the newly bred varieties that matured 7 days earlier. Wheat also matured 12 days earlier since 1960. Culm length got shortened in the newly bred varieties of barley and wheat about 85 cm and 75 cm, respectively. 6. Heavy density adaptation was higher in the newly bred varieties of Olbori, Gangbori and Jogangbori in barley, Geurumil, Saemil, Eunpamil, Dahongmil in wheat showing good fertilizer response and lodging resistance as well. 7. Dry weight of leaf and spike was 1 : 1 in recently developed varieties. The ratio of leaf to spike of high yielding variety was 59 : 41% for barley and 52 : 48% for wheat. 8. LAI, NAR and chlorophyll content were higher in the newly bred varieties. LAI was 4.2 for barley and 6.4-6.8 for wheat. NAR was 6.61 - 7.07 g/㎡/day for barley and 8.30-8.47 g/㎡/day for wheat. Chlorophyll content was about 5.0mg per plant for wheat. 9. The grain yield was higher in the newly bred varieties. The annual increment rate from 1906 to the present has been 3.0% for barley and 3.3% for wheat. For the varieties, culm length was shortened and heavy density adaptation, dry weight, LAI, NAR and chlorophyll content become higher. The ratio of leaf weight to spike weight become 1 : 1. From the view point of yield components, No. of spike per ㎡ and 1000 grain weight increased a little more. 10. From the view point of the agricultural gross income, the contribution rate of wheat and barley to the farmer was 5.9% which was the highest next to rice, vegetables and fruits. In the product of food, the contribution rate of wheat and barley was 13% being highest next to rice. 11. Newer barley and wheat varieties cultivation resulted in annual increment of barley 134,003 M/T and wheat 11,994 M/T from 1961 to 1983. Annual increment was 23,485 million won for barley, 1,700 million won for wheat which made great contrbution to agricultural gross receipts and proved that the effect of wheat and barley breeding was very great in Korea.

相異한 日長條件下에서 Diallel Cross에 의한 보리의 出穗遺傳에 관한 硏究

金鳳九 단국대학교 1980 論文集 Vol.14 No.-

This experiment was carried out to study the genetic response of heading date in barley. Parents and F_1 seeds from 4×4 barley diallel cross were obtained at green house in 1976, and transplanted under different daylenght conditions (9-,11-,13-,15- and 24-hour daylength conditions) after seed-green vernalization. Critical daylength for heading was analyzed from heading date of all daylength treated, and genetic studies for barley heading under all daylength conditions including critical daylength were analyzed from diallel cross. The results oftained are summarized as follows; (1) All parents and F_1-hybrids headed earlier under long daylength conditions than under short daylength conditions. Among the parents the earliest heading was obtained from Haganemugi followed by Barsoy, Suweon 18, and Suweon 4 under all daylength -conditions except critical daylength. (2) Critical daylength to parents and F_1-hybrids for heading was analyzed, that is; Suweon 4, Suwoon 18, and their F_1-hybrids being late were appeared under long critical daylength, while Haganemugi was shown under short critical daylength as 11.35 hour. However, F_1-hybrids of Haganemugi was under the long critical daylength conditions. Barsoy had the intermediate critical daylength for heading, and its F_1-hybrids revealed the shorter critical daylength rather than their parents. (3) Heritability is relatively high over daylength conditions, that is, a major part of the total phenotypic variability in this diallel cross is genetic. (4) Epistasis is not an important feature of the genetic system, that is, most of the genetic variability can be attributed to additive and dominant effects of genes. (5) Degree of dominance in heading to daylength differences was the highest under critical daylength condition. However, increase and/or decrease daylength based upon the critical daylengh makes the degree of dominance reduce. Thus, the lowest degree of dominance obtained respectively from 9-and 24-hour daylength conditions. This result may suggest that genetic studies and selection for early heading under long daylength beyond critical daylength are no or little valuable. (6) Averaged over all genes, the degree of dominance is partial and in the direction of earliness. Among the parents regarding to inheritance of earlinees, Barsoy appeared to be patrially dominant while Haganemugi showed to be partially recessive.

栽植密度 및 施肥量의 差異가 麥稈의 形態的 및 物理的 特性과 收量에 미치는 影響에 관한 硏究

金鳳九 단국대학교 1976 論文集 Vol.10 No.-

In order to study the effects of fertilizer level and planting density on morphological and physical traits of straw as well as yield in barley, Haganemugi, Suwon#18, Buheung and Olbori has been tested and the results obtained could be summarized as followings. 1, No differences were found in maturing time by changes of fertilizer level, but early maturing was ordered as spaced, drill, narrow ridge, wide ridge along with planting density. 2. Yield was remarkably increased under heavy fertilizr and densed population especially in those varieties such as Haganemugi and Olbori. 3. Length of each internodes were almost consistant over fertilizer level, but were longer in wide ridge and narrow ridge than drill and spaced. Also length of 2nd internode of Olbori was the longest among the varieties tasted. 4. No differences were found in thickness of culm wall by fertilizer level, while thinned thickness of culm wall was ordered as spaced, drill, narrow ridge and wide along with planting density. 5. Breaking strength of culm was more increased in the standard fertilizer level and sparsed planting density than heavy fertilizer level and densed planting density. More differences were found in the planting density than fertilizer level. 6. Breaking strength and thickness of culm wall were showed low correlation cofficient with culm length and test weight each other. Significant positive correlation was found between the number of grains per spike and 1000 grains weight, and between breaking strength and thickness of culm wall. Also it was showed significant negative correlation coefficient between number of spikes per 1m^ and yield. 7. It is considered that decision of lidging resistance is very difficult by investigation of one characteristic because lodging appears by overlapping of several factors such as ability of variety, fertilizer, planting density and environment.

酸度에 따른 Molybdenum 施用이 大豆의 生育과 根瘤形成에 미치는 影響

金鳳九 단국대학교 1990 論文集 Vol.24 No.-

To investigate the effect of molybdenum application to soybean(Glycine max. var. Paldalkong), two levels of soil acidity, pH 5.0 and 6.8 and two levels of molybdenum application were treated at very low soil acidity and infertile soil. Great differences of growth and nodule formation of soybean were observed between two levels of molybdenum application, treated and non-treated, at low-soil acidity(pH 5.0). Plant height, the number of branches, number of internodes and pods per plant, and number and weight of nodules were increased as application of molybdenum at pH5.0 soil. It was considered that molybdenum application could be substituted Ca application at the soil where Ca was needed.

애비의 施用方法이 畓裏作 大麥의 越冬 障害예 미치는 影響

金鳳九 안성산업대학교 1971 論文集 Vol.3 No.-

이 地方의 답이작 大麥栽培에 있어서 퇴구비의 施用方法이 大麥의 越冬상태에 미치는 영향을 驗知코자 本試驗을 수행하였던 바 다음과 같은 結果를 얻었다.. 1. 發芽狀態에 있어 토양복토구(堆肥下層 條施用區와 全層施用區)는 가장 良好하고 堆肥의 上層覆蓋區가 좋지않았다. 2. 浮根 枯死에 있어서는 위와 반대로 토양복토구가 가장 枯死率이 높고 堆肥覆蓋區가 가장 그 率이 낮았다. 그러나 混土堆肥覆蓋區는 前記 兩者의 中間이고 覆蓋의 量으로 볼 때 그 量의 增加에 따라 枯死率도 감소하였다. 3. 殘存個體數는 發芽數와 枯死數의 差라고 볼수 있기 때문에 發芽障害와 越冬 枯死障害의 두 가지 영향을 받게되는 것을 알수 있다. 그러나 堆肥 施用方法에서 본다면 서로 相反된 作用을 나타내고 있어서 各區間을 비교해 볼 때 간단한 결과를 볼수 없는 것이다. 槪略하면 토양복토구는 堆肥覆蓋區에 비해서 좋은 성적을 나타내고 있지만 그러나 갈아넣은 경우 즉 全層 및 下層條施用區가 더욱 좋은 성적을 보여 주고 있다. The method of applying barnyard manure to the barley raised in winter in the paddy field in Ansung district in accordance with the double crop system is to put it directly on the seed. The author studied the results of this method of applying barnyard manure in regard to germination, winter killing and fertilization. The results of these experiments may be summarized as follows: 1. In point of seed - germination the plots on which the barnyard manure was turned under and the seed covered with soil always showed superior results in germination to those of the plots on which the barnyard manure was applied to cover the seed directly. 2. On the contrary the plots of the soil - covered seed showed a higher percentage of winter killing than the manure - covered seed : the soil - mixed with manure covered the seeds showed a medium result in winter killing between the soil covered and the manure coveredseeds. 3. The number of barley plants which survived a severe winter depended upon germination and winter killing. Therefore we were unable to generalize on this point.

栽植密度와 畦幅의 廣狹이 옥수수의 生育과 收量에 미치는 影響

金鳳九 단국대학교 1974 論文集 Vol.8 No.-

This experiment was conducted at Suwon in order to study the effects of plant populations and row widths on growth and grain yield of corn. A splitplot design was used with three replications. The populations were included threelevels as main plot and four row widths were included as sua-plots. The results were summarized as follows: 1) The stalk weight and the number of available earswere significantly increased as the popul ation raised. Also, the number of the available ears showed the tendency to increase as row width was narrower and hill space was wider in same plant populationlevel. 2) The available ear ratio and ear weight were decreased by raising the population. With the same population level, the ear ratio showed lower in available number in wide row width. 3) Generally, with the tendency of growth, the grain yields were higher with the tendency of growth, the grain yields were higher withthe sparser populations and narrower rowwidths. 4) The row width of 60cmto 75cm would be practically recommendable according to the results of this experiment.