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THE LOW-LUMINOSITY END OF THE RADIUS-LUMINOSITY RELATIONSHIP FOR ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI
Bentz, Misty C.,Denney, Kelly D.,Grier, Catherine J.,Barth, Aaron J.,Peterson, Bradley M.,Vestergaard, Marianne,Bennert, Vardha N.,Canalizo, Gabriela,De Rosa, Gisella,Filippenko, Alexei V.,Gates, Elin IOP Publishing 2013 The Astrophysical journal Vol.767 No.2
<P>We present an updated and revised analysis of the relationship between the H beta broad-line region (BLR) radius and the luminosity of the active galactic nucleus (AGN). Specifically, we have carried out two-dimensional surface brightness decompositions of the host galaxies of nine new AGNs imaged with the Hubble Space Telescope Wide Field Camera 3. The surface brightness decompositions allow us to create 'AGN-free' images of the galaxies, from which we measure the starlight contribution to the optical luminosity measured through the ground-based spectroscopic aperture. We also incorporate 20 new reverberation-mapping measurements of the H beta time lag, which is assumed to yield the average H beta BLR radius. The final sample includes 41 AGNs covering four orders of magnitude in luminosity. The additions and updates incorporated here primarily affect the low-luminosity end of the R-BLR-L relationship. The best fit to the relationship using a Bayesian analysis finds a slope of alpha = 0.533(-0.033)(+0.035), consistent with previous work and with simple photoionization arguments. Only two AGNs appear to be outliers from the relationship, but both of them have monitoring light curves that raise doubt regarding the accuracy of their reported time lags. The scatter around the relationship is found to be 0.19 +/- 0.02 dex, but would be decreased to 0.13 dex by the removal of these two suspect measurements. A large fraction of the remaining scatter in the relationship is likely due to the inaccurate distances to the AGN host galaxies. Our results help support the possibility that the R-BLR-L relationship could potentially be used to turn the BLRs of AGNs into standardizable candles. This would allow the cosmological expansion of the universe to be probed by a separate population of objects, and over a larger range of redshifts.</P>
Tools for forensic analysis of concrete structures
Evan C. Bentz,Frank J. Vecchio,Michael P. Collins 한국계산역학회 2004 Computers and Concrete, An International Journal Vol.1 No.1
Computer-based analysis tools for forensic assessment of reinforced concrete structures are presented. The analysis tools, mostly in the form of nonlinear finite element procedures, are based on the concepts and formulations of the Modified Compression Field Theory. Relevant details regarding their formulation are provided. Development of realistic constitutive models and corroboration of the analysis procedures, through comprehensive experimental programs, are discussed. Also presented are graphicsbased pre- and post-processors, which are of significant aid in structural modeling, input of data, and interpretation of analysis results. The details and results of a case study, illustrating the application and value of such analytical tools, are also discussed.
THE LICK AGN MONITORING PROJECT: RECALIBRATING SINGLE-EPOCH VIRIAL BLACK HOLE MASS ESTIMATES
Park, Daeseong,Woo, Jong-Hak,Treu, Tommaso,Barth, Aaron J.,Bentz, Misty C.,Bennert, Vardha N.,Canalizo, Gabriela,Filippenko, Alexei V.,Gates, Elinor,Greene, Jenny E.,Malkan, Matthew A.,Walsh, Jonelle IOP Publishing 2012 The Astrophysical journal Vol.747 No.1
<P>We investigate the calibration and uncertainties of black hole (BH) mass estimates based on the single-epoch (SE) method, using homogeneous and high-quality multi-epoch spectra obtained by the Lick Active Galactic Nucleus (AGN) Monitoring Project for nine local Seyfert 1 galaxies with BH masses <10(8) M-circle dot. By decomposing the spectra into their AGNs and stellar components, we study the variability of the SE H beta line width (full width at half-maximum intensity, FWHMH beta or dispersion, sigma(H beta)) and of the AGN continuum luminosity at 5100 angstrom (L-5100). From the distribution of the 'virial products' (proportional to FWHMH beta 2 L-5100(0.5) or sigma(2)(H beta) L-5100(0.5)) measured from SE spectra, we estimate the uncertainty due to the combined variability as similar to 0.05 dex (12%). This is subdominant with respect to the total uncertainty in SE mass estimates, which is dominated by uncertainties in the size-luminosity relation and virial coefficient, and is estimated to be similar to 0.46 dex (factor of similar to 3). By comparing the H beta line profile of the SE, mean, and root-mean-square (rms) spectra, we find that the H beta line is broader in the mean (and SE) spectra than in the rms spectra by similar to 0.1 dex (25%) for our sample with FWHMH beta < 3000 km s(-1). This result is at variance with larger mass BHs where the difference is typically found to be much less than 0.1 dex. To correct for this systematic difference of the H beta line profile, we introduce a line-width dependent virial factor, resulting in a recalibration of SE BH mass estimators for low-mass AGNs.</P>
SPACE TELESCOPE AND OPTICAL REVERBERATION MAPPING PROJECT.VI. REVERBERATING DISK MODELS FOR NGC 5548
Starkey, D.,Horne, Keith,Fausnaugh, M. M.,Peterson, B. M.,Bentz, M. C.,Kochanek, C. S.,Denney, K. D.,Edelson, R.,Goad, M. R.,Rosa, G. De,Anderson, M. D.,Aré,valo, P.,Barth, A. J.,Bazhaw, C.,Borm American Astronomical Society 2017 The Astrophysical journal Vol.835 No.1
<P>We conduct a multiwavelength continuum variability study of the Seyfert 1 galaxy NGC 5548 to investigate the temperature structure of its accretion disk. The 19 overlapping continuum light curves (1158 angstrom to 9157 angstrom) combine simultaneous Hubble Space Telescope, Swift, and ground-based observations over a 180 day period from 2014 January to July. Light-curve variability is interpreted as the reverberation response of the accretion disk to irradiation by a central time-varying point source. Our model yields the disk inclination i = 36 degrees +/- 10 degrees, temperature T-1= (44 +/- 6) x 10(3) K at 1 light day from the black hole, and a temperature-radius slope (T proportional to r(-alpha)) of alpha = 0.99 +/- 0.03. We also infer the driving light curve and find that it correlates poorly with both the hard and soft X-ray light curves, suggesting that the X-rays alone may not drive the ultraviolet and optical variability over the observing period. We also decompose the light curves into bright, faint, and mean accretion-disk spectra. These spectra lie below that expected for a standard blackbody accretion disk accreting at L/L-Edd = 0.1.</P>
THE MASS OF THE BLACK HOLE IN Arp 151 FROM BAYESIAN MODELING OF REVERBERATION MAPPING DATA
Brewer, Brendon J.,Treu, Tommaso,Pancoast, Anna,Barth, Aaron J.,Bennert, Vardha N.,Bentz, Misty C.,Filippenko, Alexei V.,Greene, Jenny E.,Malkan, Matthew A.,Woo, Jong-Hak IOP Publishing 2011 ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS - Vol.733 No.2
<P>Supermassive black holes are believed to be ubiquitous at the centers of galaxies. Measuring their masses is extremely challenging yet essential for understanding their role in the formation and evolution of cosmic structure. We present a direct measurement of the mass of a black hole in an active galactic nucleus (Arp 151) based on the motion of the gas responsible for the broad emission lines. By analyzing and modeling spectroscopic and photometric time series, we find that the gas is well described by a disk or torus with an average radius of 3.99 +/- 1.25 light days and an opening angle of 68.9(-17.2)(+21.4) deg, viewed at an inclination angle of 67.8 +/- 7.8 deg (that is, closer to face-on than edge-on). The black hole mass is inferred to be 10(6.51 +/- 0.28) M-circle dot. The method is fully general and can be used to determine the masses of black holes at arbitrary distances, enabling studies of their evolution over cosmic time.</P>
Goad, M. R.,Korista, K. T.,Rosa, G. De,Kriss, G. A.,Edelson, R.,Barth, A. J.,Ferland, G. J.,Kochanek, C. S.,Netzer, H.,Peterson, B. M.,Bentz, M. C.,Bisogni, S.,Crenshaw, D. M.,Denney, K. D.,Ely, J.,Fa American Astronomical Society 2016 The Astrophysical journal Vol.824 No.1
<P>During an intensive Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Cosmic Origins Spectrograph (COS) UV monitoring campaign of the Seyfert 1 galaxy NGC 5548 performed from 2014 February to July, the normally highly correlated far UV continuum and broad emission line variations decorrelated for similar to 60-70 days, starting similar to 75 days after the first HST/COS observation. Following this anomalous state, the flux and variability of the broad emission lines returned to a more normal state. This transient behavior, characterized by significant deficits in flux and equivalent width of the strong broad UV emission lines, is the first of its kind to be unambiguously identified in an active galactic nucleus reverberation mapping campaign. The largest corresponding emission line flux deficits occurred for the high ionization, collisionally excited lines C IV and Si IV(+O IV]), and also He II(+O III]), while the anomaly in Ly alpha was substantially smaller. This pattern of behavior indicates a depletion in the flux of photons with E-ph > 54 eV relative to those near 13.6 eV. We suggest two plausible mechanisms for the observed behavior: (i) temporary obscuration of the ionizing continuum incident upon broad line region (BLR) clouds by a moving veil of material lying between the inner accretion disk and inner (BLR), perhaps resulting from an episodic ejection of material from the disk, or (ii) a temporary change in the intrinsic ionizing continuum spectral energy distribution resulting in a deficit of ionizing photons with energies > 54 eV, possibly due to a transient restructuring of the Comptonizing atmosphere above the disk. Current evidence appears to favor the latter explanation.</P>
Mathur, S.,Gupta, A.,Page, K.,Pogge, R. W.,Krongold, Y.,Goad, M. R.,Adams, S. M.,Anderson, M. D.,Aré,valo, P.,Barth, A. J.,Bazhaw, C.,Beatty, T. G.,Bentz, M. C.,Bigley, A.,Bisogni, S.,Borman, G. American Astronomical Society 2017 The Astrophysical Journal Vol.846 No.1
<P>During the Space Telescope and Optical Reverberation Mapping Project observations of NGC 5548, the continuum and emission-line variability became decorrelated during the second half of the six-month-long observing campaign. Here we present Swift and Chandra X-ray spectra of NGC 5548 obtained as part of the campaign. The Swift spectra show that excess flux (relative to a power-law continuum) in the soft X-ray band appears before the start of the anomalous emission-line behavior, peaks during the period of the anomaly, and then declines. This is a model-independent result suggesting that the soft excess is related to the anomaly. We divide the Swift data into on-and off-anomaly spectra to characterize the soft excess via spectral fitting. The cause of the spectral differences is likely due to a change in the intrinsic spectrum rather than to variable obscuration or partial covering. The Chandra spectra have lower signal-to-noise ratios, but are consistent with the Swift data. Our preferred model of the soft excess is emission from an optically thick, warm Comptonizing corona, the effective optical depth of which increases during the anomaly. This model simultaneously explains all three observations: the UV emission-line flux decrease, the soft-excess increase, and the emission-line anomaly.</P>