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- 검색키워드
- 저자 : Bennett L. Schwartz (검색결과 2 건)
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Four Principles of Memory Improvement: A Guide to Improving Learning Efficiency
Bennett L. Schwartz,Lisa K. Son,Nate Kornell,Bridgied Finn 대한사고개발학회 2011 The International Journal of Creativity & Problem Vol.21 No.1
Recent advances in memory research suggest methods that can be applied to enhance educational practices. We outline four principles of memory improvement that have emerged from research: 1) process material actively, 2) practice retrieval, 3) use distributed practice, and 4) use metamemory. Our discussion of each principle describes current experimental research underlying the principle and explains how people can take advantage of the principle to improve their learning. The techniques that we suggest are designed to increase efficiency—that is, to allow a person to learn more, in the same unit of study time, than someone using less efficient memory strategies. A common thread uniting all four principles is that people learn best when they are active participants in their own learning.
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The Feeling of Going: Judgments of Learning(JOLs) for Maps and Directions
Bennett L. Schwartz 대한사고개발학회 2006 The International Journal of Creativity & Problem Vol.16 No.2
Spatial metamemory is an unexplored topic, despite our knowledge of spatial me-mory. In the current study, Judgments of learning (JOLs) for maps (Experiment 1) and verbal directions (Experiment 2) were examined. The tasks were chosen to mirror real-world spatial learning situations. In both studies, participants studied for 60 seconds a map or a set of directions from one place to another. Following study, participants assessed JOLs on a 0 to 100 scale immediately after the map (Experiment 1) or the directions (Experiment 2) were removed. Participants then wrote or drew the directions from one place to another. These JOLs are immediate JOLs (Nelson & Dunlosky,1991), which tend to be low in accuracy (.3 to .4). For both maps and directions, the gamma correlations were above .8. Calibration of the magnitude of the judgments also closely matched performance. Various explana-tions for the strong gamma correlations are given.
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