담수: 21세기 중동지역의 큰 과제

( Behzad,Shahandeh ) 한국외국어대학교 중동연구소 2008 중동연구 Vol.27 No.1

담수에 대한 수요가 늘어나면서, 수자원에 대한 경쟁이 치열해 지고 있다. 이는 특히 5%의 인구가 1%의 물로 살아가는 중동지역에서 더욱 그러하다. 중동지역은 건조 지역이며, 세계에서 가장 물이 부족한 지역이다. 물 부족은 인구 성장으로 더 심각해지고 있고, 이것은 이미 이 지역을 괴롭히고 있다. 나일, 티그리스-유프라테스, 요르단의 가장 중요한 유역의 문제는 이 제방을 둘러싼 국가 사이의 투쟁에 달려있다. 예를 들어, 나일강은 이집트에 다다르기 전 9개 국가를 통해 흐른다. 티그리스-유프라테스 강은 3개 국을 통해 흐르고, 요르단 강은 네 개의 영토을 통해 흐른다. 고갈, 오염, 수분 증발의 요인은 이 지역 물 할당-분배에 부정적 영향으로 작용한다. 주요 강의 상류에 위치한 국가들은, 수자원이 그들의 영역 안에 있기 때문에, 자신들이 물의 흐름을 지배 해야 하고 이것은 그들의 주권이라 주장 한다. 강 하류의 국가들은 이러한 주장을 받아들이지 않으며, 만일 수류가 위협을 받는다면(예전 전쟁은 수자원 때문에 발생했다) 그들은 징벌의 수단을 강구할 것이라 밝혔다. 물 분쟁을 해결하고자 하는 정부 간 활동은 반만 성공한 것이다. 중동북아프리카(MENA)지역 강 통할에 관한 많은 협정은 불충분 하거나 불공정하다. 따라서 수자원 이슈는 멀지 않은 미래에 이 지역이 직면할 큰 문제이며, 이 문제는 과소평가 되어있으며, 지역 정치와 경제에 매우 위압적인 것이다.

Improving sustainability performance of heating facilities in a central boiler room by condition-based maintenance

Behzad, Masoud,Kim, Heetae,Behzad, Mehdi,Asghari Behambari, Hadi Elsevier 2019 Journal of cleaner production Vol.206 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Executing a successful maintenance plan during the operation period is one of the essential parts to improve the performance of energy systems. The plan is conventionally regulated by periodic inspections and reactive repairs. In this study, we introduce the condition monitoring of major facilities in a central boiler room, steam boiler, by predictive maintenance techniques such as thermography and vibration analyses. We have diagnosed thermal and vibrational defects, and we used diagnosis results for quantitative estimation of the resource saving by courtesy of fault correction in the system. The probable troubleshooting program does not include only resource saving, but also the environmental, economic, technical, and social aspects. Such various impacts have been measured in the form of life cycle and sustainability assessments.</P> <P>The results revealed that the maintenance program with condition monitoring and probable troubleshooting is more sustainable than the periodic one. The new program can save 591312 kWh of gas and power consumption and 151795 Liter of water consumption in a boiler room in our case study. This is equivalent to the cost saving of 2330 US dollars in resource consumption and 35400 US dollars in maintenance cost. Moreover, the sustainability performance can be improved at least 28%. Such a decent performance improvement implies that the condition monitoring and the predictive maintenance can be a successful strategy in boiler rooms for better sustainability performance.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Life cycle assessment of the facilities in a boiler room. </LI> <LI> Experimental condition monitoring by thermography and vibration analysis methods. </LI> <LI> Studying the effect of condition-based maintenance to estimate resource savings. </LI> <LI> Estimating the impact of predictive maintenance on sustainability of a boiler room. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Micro RNA 34a and Let-7a Expression in Human Breast Cancers is Associated with Apoptotic Expression Genes

Behzad, Mansoori,Ali, Mohammadi,Solmaz, Shirjang,Elham, Baghbani,Behzad, Baradaran Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2016 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.17 No.4

Breast cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related death among women in the whole world. MiR- 34a and let-7a are well known tumor suppressors that participate in the regulation of apoptosis, invasion and other cellular functions. In this study, expression of miR-34a, let-7a and apoptosis pathway genes such as Bcl-2, Caspase-3 and P53 were evaluated using quantitative real-time PCR in 45 paired samples of normal margin and tumor tissue collected from breast cancer patient at advanced stage (3-4). MiR-34a, let-7a, caspase-3 and P53 expression are reduced and Bcl-2 expression is increased within tumoral tissues in comparison with normal margin tissues. P53 expression directly or indirectly was correlated with miR-34a, let-7a, Bcl-2 and caspase-3 expression. In This study we found that MiR-34a and let-7a expression are reduced in the tumoral tissues. Down-regulation of these two molecules correlated with expression of genes associated with apoptosis. These results suggest that due to the correlation of miR-34a and let-7a with apoptotic and anti-apoptotic pathways these molecules could participate as regulators in advanced clinical stages of breast cancer and should be considered as markers for diagnosis, prognostic assessment and targeted therapy.

In Vitro Effect of Cytokinin on Multiplication of Anthurium andreanum Behzad Vaezlivari and Moradi, pj

Behzad Vaezlivari,Pegman Moradi 한국원예학회 2006 한국원예학회 기타간행물 Vol.- No.-

Seismic analysis of high-rise steel frame building considering irregularities in plan and elevation

Behzad Mohammadzadeh,Junsuk Kang 국제구조공학회 2021 Steel and Composite Structures, An International J Vol.39 No.1

Irregularities of a building in plan and elevation, which results in the change in stiffness on different floors highly affect the seismic performance and resistance of a structure. This study motivated to investigate the seismic responses of high-rise steel-frame buildings of twelve stories with various stiffness irregularities. The building has five spans of 3200 mm distance in both X- and Z-directions in the plan. The design package SAP2000 was adopted for the design of beams and columns and resulted in the profile IPE500 for the beams of all floors and box sections for columns. The column cross-section dimensions vary concerning the number of the story; one to three: 0.50×0.50×0.05m, four to seven: 0.45×0.45×0.05 m, and eight to twelve: 0.40×0.40×0.05 m. Real recorded ground accelerations obtained from the Vrancea earthquake in Romania together with dead and live loads corresponding to each story were considered for the applied load. The model was validated by comparing the results of the current method and literature considering a three-bay steel moment-resisting frame of eight-story height subject to seismic load. To investigate the seismic performance of the buildings, the time-history analysis was performed using ABAQUS. Deformed shapes corresponding to negative and positive peaks were provided followed by the story drifts and fragility curves which were used to examine the probability of collapse of the building. From the results, it was concluded that regular buildings provided a seismic performance much better than irregular buildings. Furthermore, it was observed that building with torsional irregularity was more vulnerable to seismic failure.

VLE calculation of carbon dioxide+n-alkanes binary mixtures with MHV2 mixing rule

Behzad Khodakarami,Abbas Naderifar 한국화학공학회 2008 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.25 No.6

Vapor-liquid equilibria for binary and asymetric systems include carbon dioxide+C1-C8, C10 are calculated by using the Peng-Robinson-Stryjek-Vera equation of state coupled with the modified MHV2 mixing rule. The modified UNIFAC model is used for determining activity coefficient and excess Gibbs free energy. Calculated equilibrium pressures and mole fractions in vapor phase are compared with the experimental data. The average absolute deviation percent (AAD%)s indicates that the error involved in the application of the MHV2 mixing rule by optimized q1 and q2 is less than WS and PRSK mixing rules in most cases.

Chaos Synchronization Using Error Feedback Coupling

Behzad Khademian,Mohammad Haeri 제어로봇시스템학회 2005 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2005 No.6

Hysteretic behavior of perforated steel plate shear walls with beam-only connected infill plates

Behzad Shekastehband,Ali A. Azaraxsh,Hossein Showkati 국제구조공학회 2017 Steel and Composite Structures, An International J Vol.25 No.4

The steel plate shear wall with beam-only connected infill plate (SSW-BO) is an innovative lateral load resisting system consisting of infill plates connected to surrounding beams and separated from the main columns. In this research, the effects of perforation diameter as well as slenderness ratios of infill plates on the hysteresis behavior of SSW-BO systems were studied experimentally. Experimental testing is performed on eight one-sixth scaled one-story SSW-BO specimens with two plate thicknesses and four different circular opening ratios at the center of the panels under fully reversed cyclic quasi-static loading in compliance with the SAC test protocol. Strength, stiffness, ductility and energy absorption were evaluated based on the hysteresis loops. It is found that the systems exhibited stable hysteretic behavior during testing until significant damage in the connection of infill plates to surrounding beams at large drifts. It is also seen that pinching occurred in the hysteresis loops, since the hinge type connections were used as boundaries at four corners of surrounding frames. The strength and initial stiffness degradation of the perforated specimens containing opening ratio of 0.36 compared to the solid one is in the range of 20% to 30% and 40% to 50%, respectively.

A Rapid and Practical Protocol for Solvent-Free Reduction of Oximes to Amines with NaBH_4/ZrCl_4/Al_2O_3 System

Behzad Zeynizadeh,Mehri Kouhkan 대한화학회 2011 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.32 No.9

Solvent-free reduction of various aldoximes and ketoximes to the corresponding amines was performed easily and efficiently with NaBH_4 in the presence of ZrCl_4 supported on Al_2O_3. The reactions were carried out rapidly (within 2 min) at room temperature to afford the amines in high to excellent yields.

Sociodemographic Predictors in Failure to Complete Outpatient Cardiac Rehabilitation

Behzad Heydarpour,Mozhgan Saeidi,Parvin Ezzati,Ali Soroush,Saeid Komasi 대한재활의학회 2015 Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine Vol.39 No.6

Objective To investigate the role of sociodemographic factors in failure to complete outpatient cardiac rehabilitation (CR). Methods This was a retrospective study that used information obtained from the database of the cardiac rehabilitation department of a cardiac hospital in Iran. Data from 1,050 CR patients treated at the hospital between January 2001 and January 2013 was analyzed using binary logistic regression analysis. Results Only 49% of the patients completed the CR program. After adjustment for baseline variables, it was found that the following were significantly associated with failure to complete the CR program: illiteracy (p<0.001), old age (p<0.001), being an employee or retired (p<0.05), having a low capacity for exercise (p<0.001), depression (p<0.001), low anxiety (p<0.001), and not currently being a smoker (p<0.001). Conclusion Paying more attention to older patients with low literacy levels and limited exercise capacity, who are employed or retired, and who are not current smokers, and taking therapeutic measures to control psychological complications such as depression, may be effective in ensuring that patients complete outpatient cardiac rehabilitation.