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Statebuilding without Exit Strategy in Kosovo: Stability, Clientelism, and Corruption
Adem Beha,Gëzim Selaci 한국외국어대학교(글로벌캠퍼스) 러시아연구소 2018 REGION Vol.7 No.2
This paper argues that political stability was the main paradigm of the UN administrative mission in Kosovo (UNMIK). UNMIK has pursued this goal at the expense of democratization, economic development, and a clear vision for Kosovo. An insistence on working with local political elites with the aim of maintaining stability has greatly empowered these elites, at the cost of democratic consolidation. As a mission that has operated with an open-ended mandate and without an exit strategy, UNMIK co-opted the local political elites and gave tacit approval to their client-patron logic of governance and corruptive affairs in exchange for achieving what we call “negative stability” and postponing a final resolution of Kosovo’s political status. In the period following the country’s independence and European Union Rule of Law Mission in Kosovo (EULEX) deployment, the same political elites consolidated their power and continued to build their clientelist networks and avoid public accountability. The paper concludes that despite massive investments, EULEX, like UNMIK, has prioritized stability at the cost of democratization.
( Marcel Janis Beha ),정현정 한국공업화학회 2019 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2019 No.1
Infectious diseases caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria have been a major cause of mortality worldwide. The spread of bacterial infections due to the overuse of broad-spectrum antibiotics has emerged as a serious and urgent public health problem. In particular, methicillinresistant methicillinresistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has developed antibiotic resistance genes that are responsible for its virulence. Nanoparticlebased gene delivery systems that inhibit the expression of target genes provide an alternative treatment option for combating multidrug-resistant bacterial infections with high selectivity. PEI-coated gold nanoparticles loaded with antisense oligonucleotides targeting the mecA gene were efficiently taken up into MRSA that resulted in inhibition of bacterial growth in presence of oxacillin. This study presents a novel application of gene delivery systems in the treatment of multidrug-resistant bacterial infections that can overcome limitations of conventional antibiotics.
Multi-layer coated nanoparticles for delivery of oligonucleotides into multidrug-resistant bacteria
( Marcel Janis Beha ) 한국공업화학회 2019 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2019 No.0
Bacterial infections have been a major cause of mortality worldwide. The overuse of broad-spectrum antibiotics has given rise to the emergence and spread of antibacterial resistance, which has become a serious threat to public health. Nanoparticle-based gene delivery systems that inhibit the expression of target genes provide an alternative treatment option in combating multidrug-resistant bacterial infections with high selectivity. Multi-layer coated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were prepared by sequential modification of AuNPs with polyethyleneimine (PEI) and oligonucleotides. The multi-layer coated AuNPs were efficiently taken up into MRSA and resulted in inhibition of bacterial growth. This study presents a novel application of gene delivery systems in the treatment of multidrug-resistant bacterial infections that can overcome limitations of conventional antibiotics.
Filipos Ruxho,Fejzula Beha People & Global Business Association 2024 Global Business and Finance Review Vol.29 No.1
Purpose: The purpose of this research article is to investigate the impact of bank profitability on the economic growth of 16 Central and Eastern European countries over the period from 1999 to 2022. The study aims to determine whether higher bank profitability has a positive influence on economic growth, challenging the notion that low bank profitability hinders economic growth. Design/methodology/approach: Our study employs an extensive empirical analysis, utilizing a range of econometric methods. We explore the relationship between bank profitability and economic growth, taking into account various factors and control variables. This includes assessing the impact of bank profitability on economic growth by considering a diverse set of economic indicators and factors influencing the banking sector. Findings: Our research consistently reveals a statistically and economically significant positive relationship between bank profitability and economic growth. Specifically, a one percent increase in the return on assets of banks is associated with a notable increase in economic growth, falling within the range of 0.534 to 0.625 percentage points. These findings suggest that higher bank profitability contributes positively to the economic growth of the studied Central and Eastern European countries. Research limitations/implications: While this study provides valuable insights into the relationship between bank profitability and economic growth, it has certain limitations. Future research in this area could delve deeper into the nuanced relationships between different dimensions of bank profitability and economic performance. Additionally, further investigations could explore the effects of varying ownership structures and competition dynamics on economic growth in these countries. This acknowledges the need for more in-depth research and understanding of the complex interplay between bank profitability and economic growth. Originality/value: This research contributes to the existing literature by shedding light on the positive impact of bank profitability on economic growth in Central and Eastern European countries. The findings offer valuable insights for policymakers, financial institutions, and researchers interested in understanding the dynamics between the banking sector and economic development in this region. The study's originality lies in challenging conventional wisdom and highlighting the potentially positive role of bank profitability in economic growth, thereby providing practical and policy-relevant implications.
Broadband dispersion-engineered microresonator on a chip
Yang, Ki Youl,Beha, Katja,Cole, Daniel C.,Yi, Xu,Del'Haye, Pascal,Lee, Hansuek,Li, Jiang,Oh, Dong Yoon,Diddams, Scott A.,Papp, Scott B.,Vahala, Kerry J. Nature Publishing Group 2016 Nature photonics Vol.10 No.5
The control of dispersion in fibre optical waveguides is of critical importance to optical fibre communications systems and more recently for continuum generation from the ultraviolet to the mid-infrared. The wavelength at which the group velocity dispersion crosses zero can be set by varying the fibre core diameter or index step. Moreover, sophisticated methods to manipulate higher-order dispersion so as to shape and even flatten the dispersion over wide bandwidths are possible using multi-cladding fibres. Here we introduce design and fabrication techniques that allow analogous dispersion control in chip-integrated optical microresonators, and thereby demonstrate higher-order, wide-bandwidth dispersion control over an octave of spectrum. Importantly, the fabrication method we employ for dispersion control simultaneously permits optical Q factors above 100 million, which is critical for the efficient operation of nonlinear optical oscillators. Dispersion control in high-Q systems has become of great importance in recent years with increased interest in chip-integrable optical frequency combs.
Phase-coherent microwave-to-optical link with a self-referenced microcomb
Del'Haye, Pascal,Coillet, Auré,lien,Fortier, Tara,Beha, Katja,Cole, Daniel C.,Yang, Ki Youl,Lee, Hansuek,Vahala, Kerry J.,Papp, Scott B.,Diddams, Scott A. Nature Publishing Group 2016 Nature photonics Vol.10 No.8
<P>Precise measurements of the frequencies of light waves have become common with mode-locked laser frequency combs(1). Despite their huge success, optical frequency combs currently remain bulky and expensive laboratory devices. Integrated photonic microresonators are promising candidates for comb generators in out-of-the-lab applications, with the potential for reductions in cost, power consumption and size(2). Such advances will significantly impact fields ranging from spectroscopy and trace gas sensing(3) to astronomy(4), communications(5) and atomic time-keeping(6,7). Yet, in spite of the remarkable progress shown over recent years(8-10), microresonator frequency combs ('microcombs') have been without the key function of direct f-2f self-referencing(1), which enables precise determination of the absolute frequency of each comb line. Here, we realize this missing element using a 16.4 GHz microcomb that is coherently broadened to an octave-spanning spectrum and subsequently fully phase-stabilized to an atomic clock. We show phase-coherent control of the comb and demonstrate its low-noise operation.</P>