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Beatrice Oi-yeung Lam 숙명여자대학교 아시아여성연구원 2016 OMNES: The Journal of Multicultural Society Vol.6 No.2
As China-Hong Kong integration deepens, a local identity asserted to be culturally superior to and exclusive of the mainland Chinese is mobilized in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR). This paper contributes to the attendant debates by presenting a unique case of politics of belonging therein, where “cultural” differences are constructed, increasingly so in “ethnic” terms, amid processes of internal migration. I discuss how the hegemonic discourse of local belonging is a corollary of the “neoliberal governmentality” of the city-state. It defines the parameters of social inclusion in terms of labor market integration and in particular contribution to the global economy. The underlying class assumptions are reflected in the exclusion from local belonging of Chinese immigrants, whose long-standing socioeconomic marginalization is conflated with, and glossed over by their constructed cultural inferiority. Such assumptions are also gendered, as Chinese immigrant mothers struggle to participate as worker-citizens in the society and to make claims for their “deservingness” to belong. On this basis, I argue that the “cultural” differences between mainlanders and Hongkongers should be better understood as constituted not by “ethnic” differences but by the way class and gender differentiate access to participation and belonging. Implications for the SAR are discussed.