Key Legal Issues Surrounding Smart Contract Applications

Pablo Sanz Bayón 한국법제연구원 2019 KLRI journal of law and legislation Vol.9 No.1

The aim of this work is to delve into some key legal issues surrounding Smart Contract applications. In the first and second parts, this paper defines the concept of Smart Contract and how it applies within the blockchain ecosystem. In the third part, this work exposes the functioning of this digital technology and the main advantage that it implies for solving the crucial issues of execution and breach of contracts. In the fourth section, this paper analyzes a set of problematic aspects that arise around Smart Contracts such as the scope and delimitation of them or the validity and certification of blockchain transactions. It also analyzes different issues related to the design of a legislative policy that addresses the design of a supranational and harmonized legal framework.

Repeated spurious elevation of serum prostate-specific antigen values solved by chemiluminescence analysis: A possible interference by heterophilic antibodies

Arturo Domínguez,Miquel Bayó,Jesús Muñoz-Rodríguez,Jose Antonio Bellido,Jose María Abascal-Junquera,Naim Hannaoui,Josep Maria Banús 대한비뇨의학회 2015 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.56 No.11

Heterophilic antibodies are human immunoglobulins directed against various animal antigens. They can produce false-positive results in the analysis of different tumor markers, including prostate-specific antigen. This interference can lead to misdiagnosis, unnecessary tests, and overtreatment in some cases. We present herein the case of a 52-year-old man with repeated spurious elevation of prostate-specific antigen, reaching levels of 108.7 ng/mL, that were suspected to be caused by heterophilic antibodies. The interference was solved by changing the analysis technique. Real values of prostate-specific antigen were less than 1 ng/mL.

Nonlinear bending vibration of a prestressed thick plate

Francisco J. Nieves,Ana Bayón,Francisco Gascón,Rafael Medina,Félix Salazar 대한기계학회 2018 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.32 No.4

In this paper, the flexural vibration frequency in the antisymmetric mode of a thick plate as a function of the amplitude of the vibration and the axial force applied is investigated. With this aim, the theory of geometrically nonlinear deformation of second order and an optimized three-dimensional Ritz method are used. The plate is homogeneous, elastically linear, free from any constraints, and subjected to axial forces uniformly distributed on two of its opposite sides. Several approaches are discussed. First, the problem based on finite stress and infinitesimal strains is solved. Second, the deformation energy is assumed as the energy in the initial state plus the vibration energy of small or large amplitude. Third, without assumptions about the size of the deformation and of the vibration amplitude, the theory of nonlinear deformation is employed. Finally, numerical calculations for free vibration are compared with experimental results, including their systematic uncertainties.

Combined Therapy Using Acupressure Therapy, Hypnotherapy, and Transcendental Meditation versus Placebo in Type 2 Diabetes

Roohallah Bay,Fatemeh Bay 사단법인약침학회 2011 Journal of Acupuncture & Meridian Studies Vol.4 No.3

Type 2 diabetes is one of the most widespread diseases in the world. The main aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of combined therapy using acupressure therapy,hypnotherapy, and transcendental meditation (TM) on the blood sugar (BS) level in comparison with placebo in type 2 diabetic patients. We used “convenience sampling”for selection of patients with type 2 diabetes; 20 patients were recruited. For collection of data, we used an identical quasi-experimental design called “nonequivalent control group.” Therapy sessions each lasting 60e90 min were carried out on 10 successive days. We prescribed 2 capsules (containing 3 g of wheat flour each) for each member of the placebo group (one for evening and one for morning). Pre-tests, post-tests, and followup tests were conducted in a medical laboratory recognized by the Ministry of Health and Medical Education of Iran. Mean BS level in the post-tests and follow-up tests for the experimental group was reduced significantly in comparison with the pre-tests whereas in the placebo group no changes were observed. Combined therapy including acupressure therapy, hypnotherapy, and TM reduced BS of type 2 diabetic patients and was more effective than placebo therapy on this parameter.

Greek anatomist herophilus

Noel Si-Yang Bay,Boon-Huat Bay 대한해부학회 2010 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.43 No.4

One of the most stirring controversies in the history of Anatomy is that Herophilus, an ancient Greek anatomist and his younger contemporary, Erasistratus, were accused of performing vivisections of living humans. However, this does not detract from the fact that Herophilus has made phenomenal anatomical observations of the human body which have contributed significantly towards the understanding of the brain, eye, liver, reproductive organs and nervous system. It is notable that he was the first person to perform systematic dissection of the human body and is widely acknowledged as the Father of Anatomy. He has been hailed as one of the greatest anatomists that ever lived, rivaled only by Andreas Vesalius who is regarded as the founder of modern human anatomy.

Fast Algorithm for Mining Generalized Association Rules

Bay Vo,Bac Le 보안공학연구지원센터 2009 International Journal of Database Theory and Appli Vol.2 No.3

KOHONEN NETWORK BASED FAULT DIAGNOSIS AND CONDITION MONITORING OF PRE-ENGAGED STARTER MOTORS

BAY O. F.,BAYIR R. The Korean Society of Automotive Engineers 2005 International journal of automotive technology Vol.6 No.4

In this study, fault diagnosis and monitoring of serial wound pre-engaged starter motors have been carried out. Starter motors are DC motors that enable internal combustion engine (ICE) to run. In case of breakdown of a starter motor, internal combustion engine can not be worked. Starter motors have vital importance on internal combustion engines. Kohonen network based fault diagnosis system is proposed for fault diagnosis and monitoring of starter motors. A graphical user interface (GUI) software has been developed by using Visual Basic 6.0 for fault diagnosis. Six faults, seen in starter motors, have been diagnosed successfully by using the developed fault diagnosis system. GUI software makes it possible to diagnose the faults in starter motors before they occur by keeping fault records of past occurrences.

Potato Breeding for Nitrogen-Use Efficiency: Constraints, Achievements, and Future Prospects

Baye Berihun Getahun 한국작물학회 2018 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.21 No.3

In this review, the genetic potential and efforts made on different aspects of potato breeding for nitrogen-use efficiency (NUE) and the possible physiological and genetic mechanisms determining NUE in potato in relation to other model crops are presented. Strategies to utilize the diverse gene pool of potato and improve the NUE in contrasting N environments are currently evaluated under field conditions using different selection approaches. So far, focused efforts have been made on the identification of potato genotypic differences which will allow for the analysis of specific components of nitrogen-use efficiency and the effect of nitrogen fertilizer on a range of physiological processes and morphological traits of potato. To my knowledge, despite the availability of genome sequence and QTLs identified for NUE and related agronomic and physiological traits in potato, and genomic information from other model crops, candidate genes on NUE have not yet been identified in potato. To maximize the success rate of potato breeding for NUE, basic knowledge how plants respond to different N regimes and other environmental conditions and use of DNA marker technology are vital.

Engineered iron-carbon-cobalt (Fe₃O₄@C-Co) core-shell composite with synergistic catalytic properties towards hydrogen generation via NaBH₄ hydrolysis

Baye, Anteneh F.,Abebe, Medhen W.,Appiah-Ntiamoah, Richard,Kim, Hern Elsevier 2019 JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE - Vol.543 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Cobalt (Co) nanoparticle supported catalysts have better dispersion and recyclability than unsupported Co. However, the surface chemistry and limited surface area (SA) of supports limit their Co loading which lowers activity. Currently, supports with high SA and functionality which allow high Co loading are been developed. However, a smarter solution would be to develop “active” supports which can boost the activity of Co, even at low loading. The value of such a support lies in the ability to use low catalyst loading without scarifying activity. Herein, we demonstrate how via a simple annealing process the chemical properties of Fe<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> and physico-electrical properties of carbon (C) in Fe<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB>@C can be effectively combined to prepare an “active” support for Co. The unique properties of the “active” Fe<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB>@C triggers a synergistic catalytic reaction involving Co, Fe<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> and C during NaBH<SUB>4</SUB> hydrolysis. Consequently, the hydrogen generation rate (1746 ml g<SUP>−1</SUP> min<SUP>−1</SUP>) and activation energy (47.3 kJ mol<SUP>−1</SUP>) of Fe<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB>@C-Co are significantly enhanced compared to reported catalyst even though its Co loading is significantly lower. Additionally, Fe<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB>@C-Co is highly recyclable which demonstrates its stability. Our study gives a new perspective on the role supports can play in catalyst design.</P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>The synergistic catalytic property on Fe<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB>@C-Co towards NaBH<SUB>4</SUB> hydrolysis.</P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

A breakage model with different liquid properties for pressurized bubble columns in a homogeneous regime

Bay Van Tran,Son Ich Ngo,임영일,고강석,노남선 한국화학공학회 2021 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.38 No.2

The bubble breakage rate in gas-liquid bubble columns increases for organic liquid and at high pressure. This study developed a breakage model that accounts for different liquid properties in gas-liquid pressurized bubble columns in the homogeneous regime. The Luo (1996), Lehr (2002), and Wang (2003) breakage models, which are widely used for the population balance equation (PBE) of bubble columns, were compared in terms of the total breakage rate, daughter size distribution, and computational time. The model with two empirical equations, modified from Luo’s breakage kernel, was proposed. One represented bubble deformation behavior in different liquid properties in terms of buoyancy, surface tension, and viscosity. The other considered the effect of operating pressure (or gas density) on the breakage rate. The modified model was compared with experimental data and a rigorous breakage model from the literature. The proposed breakage model shows good agreement with experimental data and computational efficiency. This breakage model is applicable for computational fluid dynamics with PBE in pressurized bubble columns with organic liquids.