Local Conflict in Post-Suharto Indonesia: Understanding Variations in Violence Levels and Forms Through Local Newspapers

Patrick Barron,Joanne Sharpe 동아시아연구원 2008 Journal of East Asian Studies Vol.8 No.3

Responding to conflict, in Indonesia and elsewhere, requires an understanding of its distribution, forms, and impacts. In this article, we outline an attempt to use local newspaper monitoring to measure the levels and impacts of violent conflict during the period 2001–2003 in two Indonesian provinces (East Java and NTT). We also assess variation in incidence, impact, and form across and within areas. The study data suggest first that previous research has vastly underestimated the impacts of violent conflict in Indonesia. Comparing our data with those of the previous attempt to use newspapers to map conflict in Indonesia (by the UN Support Facility for Indonesian Recovery [UNSFIR]), we find three times as many deaths from collective violence. These differences are a function of the level of news sources used, with provincial papers picking up only a small proportion of deaths in our research areas. Further, we argue that the impacts of certain types of violence between individuals should be included, leading to even higher figures. Second, our data call into question the dictum that violence in Indonesia is concentrated in a small number of regions. While there is variation between districts, we record large impacts from collective violence in areas not previously considered conflict-prone. Third, substantial variations in conflict form are found across regions, and these result in different kinds of impacts. This underlines the importance of consideration of the role of local factors in driving conflicts and suggests that approaches must be tailored to local conditions. Finally, we demonstrate that using local newspapers to measure and analyze conflicts presents a useful tool for understanding conflict in Indonesia. The use of subprovincial news sources captures more accurate estimates of conflict incidence than other methods, such as provincial newspaper mapping or surveying. It can also provide a basis for a deeper understanding of variations in patterns of conflict across areas and provide insights into how we might respond.

Mechanical, dielectric and structural characterization of cross-linked PEG-diacrylate/ethylammonium nitrate ionogels

Lopez-Barron, C.R.,Beltramo, P.J.,Liu, Y.,Choi, S.M.,Lee, M.J. Butterworth Scientific Ltd. etc. 2016 Polymer Vol. No.

We report the preparation and characterization of cross-linked ionogels (x-IGs) composed of polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) and the protic ionic liquid, ethylammonium nitrate (EAN). The cross-linking process has a huge effect on the mechanical properties of the solutions (forming stiff solids from Newtonian solutions) and a minimum penalty on the ionic conductivity. The interdependence of the mechanical and dielectric properties with the network structure of the x-IGs was studied using three experimental probes: torsion and compression mechanical testing, dielectric spectroscopy and small angle neutron scattering. The microstructure, the mechanical strength and the conductivity of the x-IGs depend strongly on the polymer concentration and weakly on the temperature. High modulus and relatively low conductivities are associated to small cross-link junction lengths, ξ, observed in concentrated samples, whereas large ξ values, observed in dilute samples, result in high conductivities and relatively low modulus. The topological restriction to ionic transport (i.e., to conductivity) is quantified by the obstruction factor, which increases monotonically with ξ, while the shear modulus exhibits a power law behavior, G~ξ<SUP>-3</SUP>, in accordance to linear viscoelastic theory.

Average entropy and asymptotics

Tatyana Barron,Manimugdha Saikia 대한수학회 2024 대한수학회지 Vol.61 No.1

We determine the $N\to\infty$ asymptotics of the expected value of entanglement entropy for pure states in $H_{1,N}\otimes H_{2,N}$, where $H_{1,N}$ and $H_{2,N}$ are the spaces of holomorphic sections of the $N$-th tensor powers of hermitian ample line bundles on compact complex manifolds.

First Aid and Injury Prevention Knowledge of Youth Basketball, Football, and Soccer Coaches

Mary J. Barron,John W. Powell,Martha E. Ewing,Sally E. Nogle,Crystal F. Branta 한국코칭능력개발원 2009 International Journal of Coaching Science Vol.3 No.1

Novel Repair of Clamshell Thoracotomy Sternal Dehiscence after Lung Transplant: A Case Report

John O. Barron,Nethra Jain,Mujtaba Mubashir,Haytham Elgharably,Daniel P. Raymond,Dean P. Schraufnagel 대한심장혈관흉부외과학회 2024 Journal of Chest Surgery (J Chest Surg) Vol.57 No.2

Bilateral transverse thoracosternotomy, or “clamshell” thoracotomy, can be complicated by dehiscence. A 65-year-old male underwent lung transplantation via clamshell thoracotomy, with subsequent sternal dehiscence on postoperative day 11. Upon repair, the previous sternal wires had pulled through, so a Sternal Talon connected to a Recon Talon was utilized to re-approximate the inferior sternum. On follow-up at 3 months, the patient recovered well. Use of the Sternal Talon provides an effective technique for repairing transverse sternal dehiscence.

The Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill: Response, Assessments, Impacts

Dr. Mace Barron 해양환경안전학회 2018 해양환경안전학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2018 No.06

WHEN LARGE CONFLICTS SUBSIDE: THE EBBS AND FLOWS OF VIOLENCE IN POST-SUHARTO INDONESIA

Sana Jaffrey,Patrick Barron,Ashutosh Varshney 동아시아연구원 2016 Journal of East Asian Studies Vol.16 No.2

The last decade has witnessed an extraordinary spate of scholarship on the ethno-communal violence that swept through Indonesia following the collapse of the Suharto regime. Yet we know very little about how these large-scale violent conflicts subsided and the patterns of post-conflict violence that have emerged since. We introduce evidence from an original dataset to show that the high violence period lasted till 2003, after which violence declined in intensity and scale. Despite this aggregate decline, we find that old conflict sites still exhibit relatively high levels of small-scale violence. We conclude that Indonesia has moved to a new, post-conflict phase where large-scale violence is infrequent, yet small-scale violence remains unabated, often taking on new forms. Finally, we propose that effective internal security interventions by the state are a key reason, although not the only reason, why large-scale violence has not emerged again despite the continued prevalence of low-level violence.

Stage Support측정에 의한 콘서트홀의 무대음향 평가

전진용,이병권,마이크배런 대한건축학회 2001 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.21 No.2

Although stage acoustics in concert hall is important element as audience acoustics is, it is the fact that there was not much investment about stage acoustics. In this study, stage acoustics is going to be evaluated by using real model, scale model and computer model of Seoul Arts Center. The stage acoustics was measured and evaluated in eight position~a on the stage by ST1(Stage Support) researched by Gade in 1989 as the parameter of evaluation. During evaluation, the effect of the geometrical shape of the stage and the concerns about performers' location were the major points of this study. In the result of this study, it was found that the closer the receiving positions to stage diffusers, the higher the ST1 value, especially in the range of 3-5m. Moreover, in case of performers' location, the result was the same. Since all of the three models' studies showed similar tendency about ST1, the possibility of these models was able to be estimated for future stage acoustics researches.

Uncertainty of Gridded Precipitation at Local and Continent Scales: A Direct Comparison of Rainfall from SILO and AWAP in Australia

Guobin Fu,Olga Barron,Stephen P. Charles,Michael J. Donn,Thomas G. Van Niel,Geoff Hodgson 한국기상학회 2022 Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences Vol.58 No.4

The uncertainty of gridded precipitation data, which have many engineering and scientific applications, is investigated inthis study by comparing two popular gridded products in Australia, i.e., AWAP (Australian Water Availability Project) andSILO, at local (25 km) and continent spatial scales with various annual, monthly and daily rainfall statistics. The resultsshow that two datasets usually produce similar rainfall statistics over entire Australia but could be significantly different atlocal scale. For example, the long-term (1960−2016) mean annual rainfall differences between AWAP and SILO is about2.6% for the entire Australia continent, but could be as large as 1118.9 mm/year (cell at 145.00E and 16.25S) or as low as-697.4 mm/year (cell at 146.25E and 43.25S). And the largest difference of daily rainfall between AWAP and SILO couldbe as high as 630.3 mm/day. The differences at local scale are so large that one of them must be wrong, and potentially bothare inaccurate. The reported results can be used not only to enhance the confidence where two products show similar results,but also to quantify the ranges of uncertainties where two datasets are different. The uncertainty of gridded rainfall is usuallylarge in the regions with limited weather stations, the mountain regions with different algorithms being used to deal withelevations, as well as the coastal regions where an extrapolation is needed to obtain coastal rainfall from inland observations.

Size dependent conduction characteristics of catalyst-multi-walled carbon nanotube junction

Barnett Chris J.,Orbaek White Alvin,Barron Andrew R. 한국탄소학회 2021 Carbon Letters Vol.31 No.5

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) grown by chemical vapor deposition retain the residual catalyst particles from which the growth occurred, which are considered a detriment to MWCNTs’ performance, especially electrical conductivity. The frst direct measurements have been made of the electrical transport through the catalyst cap into the MWCNT using nanoscale 2-point-probe to determine the efects of the catalyst particle’s size and the diameter ratio with its associated MWCNT on the electrical transport through the catalyst cap as compared to the inherent conductivity of the MWCNT. The MWCNT diameter is independent of the catalyst size, but the ratio of the catalyst cap diameter to MWCNT diameter (DC/DNT) determines the conduction mechanism. Where DC/DNT is greater than 1 the resulting I–V curve is near ohmic, and the conduction through the catalyst (RC+NT) approaches that of the MWCNT (RNT); however, when the DC/DNT<1 the I–V curves shift to rectifying and RC+NT> >RNT. The experimental results are discussed in relation to current crowding at the interface between catalyst and nanotube due to an increased electric feld.