Comparison of Performance of α-β-γ-η Filter and Kalman Filter for ARPA System to Track High Dynamic Target

Bao Feng Pan,Tae Gweon Jeong 한국항해항만학회 2017 한국항해항만학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2017 No.춘계

Investigation on the Current Situation of China's Internet Arbitration and Suggestions for its Perfection

Bao, Bing-Feng,Yang, Ya-Qi 한중법학회 2019 中國法硏究 Vol.39 No.-

국가의 정보화 발전전략이 부단히 추진되고 있는 상황에서 국가주도 의 자원형식이 점차적으로 공공자원, 사회자원, 시장자원 등의 다원화 된 주체의 형식으로 변화하고 있으며, 분쟁해결에 있어서도 소송의 이 른바 “외나무다리(独木桥)”라는 현상을 맞으면서 화해, 조정, 중재 등과 상호 관련하여 해결할 수 있는 시스템으로 발전하고 있다. 분쟁해결에 대하여 인민 대중의 만족을 위하여 인터넷 중재시스템의 혁신과 발전의 시기를 마주하고 있다. 인터넷 중재는 인터넷 비즈니스 분쟁에 착안하 여 인터넷 플랫폼인 전자기술과 빅데이터, 클라우드 등의 종합적 사용방안을 활용하여, 당사자에게 분쟁해결서비스를 제고할 수 있을 것이라 보고 있다. 이 에 분쟁안건의 “양(量)”을 분류하고, 분쟁해결의 실현에 있어 “질(质)”적 개선 을 촉진할 수 있을 것이다. 그리고 인터넷 중재는 중국에서 보편적이지 않아 중재 의식고 신뢰가 부족하므로 다양한 면에서 장애가 존재한다. 이러한 장애 를 제거하는 관건은 법률의 강력한 보장과 실무에서의 효율성 제고에 있다. 이 에 기초하여, 첫 번째는 입법적 통일을 통하여 인터넷 중재의 전체 구조를 확 립함으로써 건전한 법률체계를 포함하여 인터넷 신뢰표준제도 및 인터넷 중재 판결서의 송달과 집행을 보장하여야 한다. 둘째, 필요한 기술을 통하여 플랫폼 시스템과 안건 처리에 있어 빅데이터를 탄력적으로 운영한다. 또한, 일반 대중 의 인터넷 중재에 관한 의식을 제고할 수 있도록 한다. 이를 통해 인터넷 중재 가 발휘할 수 있는 효능을 보장할 수 있으며, 인터넷 중재시스템이나 새로운 유형의 분쟁해결시스템에 대한 정보화 발전을 촉진할 것이다. In the present moment when the National Information Development strategy is constantly advancing, the state-dominated public resource model has gradually been transformed into a multi-subject model of public resources, social resources, market resources, etc. In the dispute resolution channel, litigation has also evolved into a mutually applicable mechanism of conciliation, mediation, arbitration and so on. In order to meet the diverse needs of the people for dispute resolution, the innovation and development of online arbitration is timely. Internet arbitration focuses on Internet business disputes and integrates the comprehensive use of electronic technology, big data, and cloud computing on the Internet platform to provide parties with convenient and efficient dispute resolution services. As a result, the “quantity” diversion of dispute cases is promoted, and the “quality” improvement of dispute resolution is realized. However, the promotion of Internet arbitration in China is not universal. It faces many obstacles, such as lack of arbitration consciousness, credit concepts and so on. The key to removing obstacles lies in the strong guarantee of law and the optimization of practical operation. Based on this, on the one hand, it is necessary to unify and perfect the overall framework of Internet arbitration through legislation, including perfecting the supporting legal system, establishing the online trust stamp system, and ensuring the service and enforcement of Internet arbitration awards. On the other hand, we need science and technology to help online platform systems and a flexible use of big data to handle case data, while standardizing the industry personnel and enhancing public awareness of arbitration. Only in this way can we effectively guarantee the effectiveness of the Internet arbitration system and promote the information development of the online arbitration institutions and the new dispute resolution mechanism.

A Study on Optimization of Fourth-Order Fading Memory Filter under the Highly Dynamic Motion of Both Own Ship and Target

Bao Feng Pan,Tae Gweon Jeong 한국항해항만학회 2017 한국항해항만학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2017 No.추계

Tracking filter plays a key role in accurate estimation and prediction of maneuvering vessel’s dynamics. The third-order α-β-Υ filter is one of the special cases of the general solution provided by the Kalman filter. Fading memory algorithm performs a better performance in numerous of α-β-Υ filter algorithms. This study aims to optimize the fourth-order fading memory algorithm α-β-Υ-η filter, which is extended form α-β-Υ filter, to get much more accurate position of high dynamic target on the condition that the own ship is also high dynamic.

Optimization of the Gain Parameters in a Tracking Module for ARPA system on Board High Dynamic Warships

Bao-Feng Pan,Anne Wanjiru Njonjo,Tae-Gweon Jeong 한국항해항만학회 2016 한국항해항만학회지 Vol.40 No.5

The tracking filter plays a key role in the accurate estimation and prediction of maneuvering a vessel’s position and velocity when attempting to enhance safety by avoiding collision. Therefore, in order to achieve accurate estimation and prediction, many oceangoing vessels are equipped with the Automatic Radar Plotting Aid (ARPA) system. However, the accuracy of prediction depends on the tracking filter’s ability to reduce noise and maintain a stable transient response. The purpose of this paper is to derive the optimal values of the gain parameters used in tracking a High Dynamic Warship. The algorithm employs a filter to provide accurate estimates and updates of the state variables, that is, positions, velocity and acceleration of the high dynamic warship based on previously observed values. In this study, the filtering coefficients and are determined from set values of the damping parameter. Optimization of the damping parameter , is achieved experimentally by plotting the residual error against different values of the damping parameter to determine the least value of the damping parameter that results in the optimum smoothing coefficients leading to a reduction in the noise corruption effect. Further investigation of the performance of the filter indicates that optimal smoothing coefficients depend on the initial and average velocity of the target.

Reduced Telomere Length in Colorectal Carcinomas

Feng, Tong-Bao,Cai, Lei-Ming,Qian, Ke-Qing,Qi, Chun-Jian Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.2

Purpose: Telomeres play a key role in the maintenance of chromosome integrity and stability, and telomere shortening is involved in initiation and progression of malignancies. The aim of this study was to determine whether telomere length is associated with the colorectal carcinoma. Patients and methods: A total of 148 colorectal cancer (CRC) samples and corresponding adjacent non-cancerous tissues were evaluated for telomere length, P53 mutation, and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) mutation detected by fluorescent immunohistochemistry. Telomere length was estimated by real-time PCR. Samples with a T/S>1.0 have an average telomere length greater than that of the standard DNA; samples with a T/S<1.0 have an average telomere length shorter than that of the standard DNA. Results: Telomeres were shorter in CRCs than in adjacent tissues, regardless of tumor stage and grade, site, or genetic alterations (P=0.004). Telomere length in CRCs also had differences with COX-2 status (P=0.004), but did not differ with P53 status (P=0.101), tumor progression (P=0.244), gender (P=0.542), and metastasis (P=0.488). There was no clear trend between T/S optimal cut-off values (<1 or > 1) and colorectal tumor progression, metastasis, gender, P53 and COX-2 status. Conclusion: These findings suggesting that telomere shortening is associated with colorectal carcinogenesis but does not differ with tumor progression, gender, and metastasis.

A Study of Optimization of α - β - γ - η Filter for Tracking a High Dynamic Target

Bao-Feng Pan,Anne Wanjiru Njonjo,Tae-Gweon Jeong 한국항해항만학회 2017 한국항해항만학회지 Vol.41 No.5

The tracking filter plays a key role in accurate estimation and prediction of maneuvering the vessel’s position and velocity. Different methods are used for tracking. However, the most commonly used method is the Kalman filter and its modifications. The α- β - γ filter is one of the special cases of the general solution provided by the Kalman filter. It is a third order filter that computes the smoothed estimates of position, velocity, and acceleration for the nth observation, and predicts the next position and velocity. Although found to track a maneuvering target with good accuracy than the constant velocity α - β filter, the α - β - γ filter does not perform impressively under high maneuvers, such as when the target is undergoing changing accelerations. This study aims to track a highly maneuvering target experiencing jerky motions due to changing accelerations. The α - β - γ filter is extended to include the fourth state that is, constant jerk to correct the sudden change of acceleration to improve the filter’s performance. Results obtained from simulations of the input model of the target dynamics under consideration indicate an improvement in performance of the jerky model, α - β - γ - η algorithm as compared to the constant acceleration model, α - β - γ in terms of error reduction and stability of the filter during target maneuver.

Controlling chaos for automotive disc brake squeal suppression

Bao-Chau Lin,Shun-Chang Chang,Jui-Feng Hu,Yeou-Feng Lue 대한기계학회 2015 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.29 No.6

Disc brake squeal is a manifestation of friction-induced, self-excited instability in disc brake systems. This paper investigates the nonsmoothbifurcations and chaotic dynamics associated with braking systems. In most situations, decreasing squealing is a means to suppresschaotic disturbances, which would otherwise compromise the comfort of passengers. The proposed method begins with an estimationof the largest Lyapunov exponent using synchronization to differentiate between periodic and chaotic motions. We then observecomplex nonlinear behaviors associated with a range of parameters and plot them in a bifurcation diagram. Rich dynamics of disc brakesystems are examined using the bifurcation diagram, phase portraits, Poincaré maps, frequency spectra, and Lyapunov exponents. Finally,state feedback control is used to overcome chaotic behaviors and prevent squealing from occurring during braking. Finally, the effectivenessof the proposed control method is examined through numerical simulations.

A Study of Optimization of α-β-γ-η Filter for Tracking a High Dynamic Target

Pan, Bao-Feng,Njonjo, Anne Wanjiru,Jeong, Tae-Gweon Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research 2017 한국항해항만학회지 Vol.41 No.5

The tracking filter plays a key role in accurate estimation and prediction of maneuvering the vessel's position and velocity. Different methods are used for tracking. However, the most commonly used method is the Kalman filter and its modifications. The ${\alpha}-{\beta}-{\gamma}$ filter is one of the special cases of the general solution provided by the Kalman filter. It is a third order filter that computes the smoothed estimates of position, velocity, and acceleration for the nth observation, and predicts the next position and velocity. Although found to track a maneuvering target with good accuracy than the constant velocity ${\alpha}-{\beta}$ filter, the ${\alpha}-{\beta}-{\gamma}$ filter does not perform impressively under high maneuvers, such as when the target is undergoing changing accelerations. This study aims to track a highly maneuvering target experiencing jerky motions due to changing accelerations. The ${\alpha}-{\beta}-{\gamma}$ filter is extended to include the fourth state that is, constant jerk to correct the sudden change of acceleration to improve the filter's performance. Results obtained from simulations of the input model of the target dynamics under consideration indicate an improvement in performance of the jerky model, ${\alpha}-{\beta}-{\gamma}-{\eta}$ algorithm as compared to the constant acceleration model, ${\alpha}-{\beta}-{\gamma}$ in terms of error reduction and stability of the filter during target maneuver.

论中国医疗诉讼证明妨碍的排除规则

包冰锋 (Bao, Bing-Feng) 원광대학교 법학연구소 2017 의생명과학과 법 Vol.17 No.-

通常情况下,在民事医疗纠纷中由医疗机构一方单独掌握着绝大多数证据,而这 些证据对医疗纠纷来说具有不可替代的关键性作用。这使得患者一方在主张权利时 出现了举证上的困难,这也体现了在医疗诉讼中突出的证据偏在问题。证据偏在问 题导致在医疗纠纷诉讼中的证明妨碍行为时有发生,特别是控制有绝大多数证据材 料的医疗机构一方实施证明妨碍行为。对此,中国的程序法领域仅仅是对证明妨碍 排除的一般性规则作出了规定,并未就医疗诉讼的证明妨碍排除规则规定特殊的细 则。在实体法领域,最主要的规定便是《侵权责任法》第58条。该条规定,患者有 损害,因下列情形之一的,推定医疗机构有过错:违反法律、行政法规、规章以及 其他有关诊疗规范的规定;隐匿或者拒绝提供与纠纷有关的病历资料;伪造、篡改 或者销毁病历资料。尽管《侵权责任法》第58条以较高的法律位阶将医疗诉讼证明 妨碍的行为后果予以规制,但仍然存在着一些问题。因此,有必要从构成要件和法 律效果两方面对中国医疗诉讼的证明妨碍排除规则进行改革和完善。在构成要件方 面,医疗机构构成证明妨碍的主观过错应当既包括故意,也包括过失。在法律效果 方面,如果出现《侵权责任法》第58条规定的情形,那么按照法律规定就应当直接 推定医疗机构有过错;如果出现《侵权责任法》第58条规定情形之外的证明妨碍行 为,那么法院可以选择推定举证人的主张为真实、或者直接认定妨碍者拟制自认, 或者针对该等事实降低证明标准,甚至在必要时转换证明责任,或者采取罚款、拘 留等强制措施。 일반적으로 민사의료분쟁에서 대부분의 증거는 의료기관이 가지고 있다. 의료분쟁에 있어 이러한 증거는 대체할 수 없는 핵심인 역할을 하기 때문에 환자들이 자기의 권리를 옹호하기 위해 증거를 제시할 수 없는 어려움도 있다. 이역시 의료소송에서 증거편재라는 문제로써 매우 심각하다 할 것이다. 이와 같이 증거편재라는 문제로 인해 의료소송에서 증명방해행위, 특히 대부분의 증거를 쥐고 있는 의료기관이 행하는 방해행위가 이뤄지고 있다. 이에 대해 중국의 절차법 상 증명방해 배제에 대한 일반적인 규정만 있을 뿐 구체적인 조문이 없는 상황이다. 실체법상 가장 중요한 규정은 “침권책임법” 제58조에 따라 법률, 행정법규, 규정 및 다른 의료관리의 규정을 위반하거나 의료소송에 관한 의료기록을 은닉 및 제공을 거부하거나, 또는 의료기록을 위조, 왜곡, 소각하는 경우, 환자가 손해를 입게 되면 의료기관의 불법행위로 추정된다. “침권책임법” 제58조는 법적으로 의료소송에서 증명방해행위의 배제에 대해 규정하고 있지만 여전히 그 적용에 있어 만족스럽지 못하다. 그러므로 증명방해행위의 배제에 대한 구성요건과 법률효과의 두 가지 측면 에서 제도를 보완해야 한다. 구성요건에 대해서는 의료기관이 증명 방해행위로 구성된 주관적인 과오에는 고의와 과실이 모두 포함되어야 할 것이다. 법률의 효과면에서 “침권책임법” 제58조에 규정된 상황이 있는 경우에는 규정에 따라 직접적으로 의료기관이 주관적인 불법행위책임이 있다고 추정할 수 있다. 한편 이러한 내용을 규정하고 있지 않는 경우에는 법원이 당사자의 주장을 사실로 인정하거나 방해자에게 방해의사가 있음을 판정할 수 있다. 한편으로는 당해 사실에 대한 증명기준을 낮추는 조치를 취할 수도 있다. 또한 필요한 경우 법원은 입증책임을 전환하거나 벌금, 구류 등의 강제조치를 취할 수도 있음은 당연하다할 것이다.

ODV-Associated Proteins of the <i>Pieris rapae</i> Granulovirus

Wang, Xiao-Feng,Zhang, Bao-Qin,Xu, Hai-Jun,Cui, Ying-Jun,Xu, Yi-Peng,Zhang, Min-Juan,Han, Yeon Soo,Lee, Yong Seok,Bao, Yan-Yuan,Zhang, Chuan-Xi American Chemical Society 2011 JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH Vol.10 No.6

<P><I>Alphabaculovirus</I> (lepidopteran-specific nucleopolyhedroviruses, NPV) and <I>Betabaculovirus</I> (granuloviruses, GV) are two main genera of the family Baculoviridae. The virion proteomes of <I>Alphabaculovirus</I> have been well studied; however, the <I>Betabaculovirus</I> virion compositions remain unclear. <I>Pieris rapae</I> granulovirus (PrGV) can kill larvae of <I>P. rapae</I>, a worldwide and important pest of mustard family crops. In this study, the occlusion-derived virus (ODV)-associated proteins of PrGV were identified using three mass spectrometry (MS) approaches. The MS analyses demonstrated that 47 proteins were present in PrGV-ODV. Of the 47 PrGV-ODV proteins, 33 have homologues identified previously in other baculovirus ODV/BVs, whereas 14 (P10, Pr21, Pr29, Pr35, Pr42, Pr54, P45/48, Pr83, Pr84, Pr89, Pr92, Pr111, Pr114 and FGF3) were newly identified ODV proteins. Seven of the 14 newly identified ODV proteins are specific to <I>Betabaculovirus</I>, including Pr35, Pr42, Pr54, Pr83, Pr84, Pr111 and Pr114. Furthermore, the data derived from these MS approaches were validated by immunoblotting analysis using antisera prepared from 11 randomly selected recombinant PrGV-ODV proteins (including 5 <I>Betabaculovirus</I>-unique proteins). Comparison analyses revealed the similar and different compositions between <I>Betabaculovirus</I> and <I>Alphabaculovirus</I> virions, which deepen our understanding of the baculovirus virion structure and provide helpful information on <I>Betabaculovirus</I>–host interaction studies.</P><P>We used three mass spectrometry (MS) approaches to identify the occlusion-derived virus (ODV)-associated proteins of the <I>Pieris rapae</I> Granulovirus. A total of 47 proteins were identified; 14 of them were first identified in the ODV, and 7 are specific to Granulovirus.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jprobs/2011/jprobs.2011.10.issue-6/pr2000804/production/images/medium/pr-2011-000804_0002.gif'></P>