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- 저자 : Baku Musical Academy named after Uzeyir Hajibeyli (검색결과 1 건)
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Mugham in Cultural Paradigm of Modern Azerbaijan
Baku Musical Academy named after Uzeyir Hajibeyli 한국국악교육연구학회 2016 국악교육연구 Vol.10 No.2
Mugham is a genre of professional music of oral tradition and national heritage of Azerbaijan. The main artistic and structural features of mugham, possessing an immense effect on the whole musical culture of Azerbaijan, are briefly highlighted in the article. Forming in a long period of time, mugham absorbed the diversity of spiritual values and all the ethnocultural richness created by Azerbaijani nation. Mugham is expressed and concentrated in not only Azerbaijani culture and art, but also philosophy, religious and mystical opinions, psychology, ethics and aesthetics of the people. In a certain sense, mugham is a peculiar artistic, musical-poetic metaphor of Azerbaijani life and history. The influence of this art on the national mentality with its inclination to contemplativeness, concentration on the internal and deep, is huge, as statics, meditativeness and deliberateness represent the essence of the mugham music. The matter of preservation of mugham, which carries the fundamental national codes of Azerbaijani culture, always disturbed the advanced intellectuals of Azerbaijan. In the 1920s, (the period of forced sovietization), a real threat to the “life” of mugham emerged. In this fateful moment of the history, Uzeyir Hajibeyli (1885-1948) took the only correct position. With his work and activities as a composer, scientist and pedagogue, he proved the necessity of a careful attitude to the spiritual treasure of the people. His composer oeuvre, the research “Principles of Azerbaijan Folk Music” and the concept of the musical education became the basis, on which the whole modern Azerbaijani culture grew. Building on the idea of the first opera “Leyli and Majnun”, the composers of Azerbaijan traced their way to creation of the symphonic mugham (Fikret Amirov) and jazz-mugham (Vagif Mustafazadeh). With restoration of the independency of Azerbaijan, paying attention to the traditional heritage became one of the priorities of the cultural politics of Azerbaijan. The role of the Heydar Aliyev Foundation, directing the agendas on the preservation, development and propaganda of mugham, is mentioned in this work. Among the projects of the Foundation are the transfer of the mugham records in modern storage devices, publication of the “Encyclopedia of Azerbaijani Mugham”, construction of the Mugham Centre, organization of the large-scale international festival “Space of Mugham” with participation of the leading musicians, experts in the field of maqam culture and the establishment of the National Conservatoire. The importance of the role of TV Mugham Contests in revealing talents of young performers from all over the country and forming an enlightened mugham listener is stressed. However, almost 70 years of the reign of the Soviet art paradigm, as well as enhanced global trends have led to the loss of the core properties of mugham, thus transforming it into a concert genre. Currently, the musical science and education of Azerbaijan solve a task to restore mugham as a conceptual pivot of the whole national culture. The healing force of mugham with its hidden energetic resources should be more actively used in the system of education, at all levels, as mugham contains a great wisdom, virtue, love and beauty.
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