Yield Response of Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] to High Temperature Condition in a Temperature Gradient Chamber

Baek, Jae-Kyeong,Sang, Wan-Gyu,Kim, Jun-Hwan,Shin, Pyong,Cho, Jung-Il,Seo, Myung-Chul The Korean Society of Crop Science 2020 한국작물학회지 Vol.65 No.4

Recently, abnormal weather conditions, such as extreme high temperatures and droughts, have increased in frequency due to climate change, there has accordingly been growing concern regarding the detrimental effects on field crop, including soybean. Therefore, this study was conducted to examine the effects of increased temperatures on soybean growth and yield using a temperature gradient chamber (TGC). Two major types of soybean cultivar, a medium- seed cultivar such as Daepung-2 and a large-seed cultivar such as Daechan, were used and four temperature treatments, aT+1℃ (ambient temperature+1℃), aT+2℃ (ambient temperature+2℃), aT+3℃ (ambient temperature+3℃) and aT+4℃ (ambient temperature+4℃) were established to examine the growth response and seed yield of each cultivar. Seed yield showed a higher correlation with seed weight (r=0.713***) and an increase in temperature affected seed yield by reducing the single seed weight. In particular, the seed growth rate of the large-seed cultivar (Daechan) increased at high temperature, resulting in a reduction in the number of days for full maturity. Our results accordingly indicate that large-seed cultivar, such as Daechan, is potentially vulnerable to high temperature stress. The results of this study can be used as basic data in the development of cultivation technology to reduce the damage caused by elevated temperatures. Also, further research is required to evaluate the response of each process contributing to seed yield production under high temperatures.

High-temperature in situ crystallographic observation of reversible gas sorption in impermeable organic cages

Baek, Seung Bin,Moon, Dohyun,Graf, Robert,Cho, Woo Jong,Park, Sung Woo,Yoon, Tae-Ung,Cho, Seung Joo,Hwang, In-Chul,Bae, Youn-Sang,Spiess, Hans W.,Lee, Hee Cheon,Kim, Kwang S. National Academy of Sciences 2015 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF Vol.112 No.46

<P><B>Significance</B></P><P>Crystallographic observation of adsorbed gas molecules at high temperatures is a highly challenging task due to their rapid motion. We provide evidence of restrained motions in a self-assembled organic crystal with small isolated cages, inside which the confined CO<SUB>2</SUB> molecules can be identified with in situ X-ray diffraction technique at the high temperature. Although the crystal is nonporous, the CO<SUB>2</SUB> molecules can permeate into the crystal because of thermally activated transient pathways between the cages. We show that the flexible nature of the transient pathways leads to the temperature-driven reversible CO<SUB>2</SUB> sorption, understanding of which can contribute to the design of a system with controlled capture/release of gas molecules.</P><P>Crystallographic observation of adsorbed gas molecules is a highly difficult task due to their rapid motion. Here, we report the in situ single-crystal and synchrotron powder X-ray observations of reversible CO<SUB>2</SUB> sorption processes in an apparently nonporous organic crystal under varying pressures at high temperatures. The host material is formed by hydrogen bond network between 1,3,5-tris-(4-carboxyphenyl)benzene (H<SUB>3</SUB>BTB) and <I>N,N</I>-dimethylformamide (DMF) and by π–π stacking between the H<SUB>3</SUB>BTB moieties. The material can be viewed as a well-ordered array of cages, which are tight packed with each other so that the cages are inaccessible from outside. Thus, the host is practically nonporous. Despite the absence of permanent pathways connecting the empty cages, they are permeable to CO<SUB>2</SUB> at high temperatures due to thermally activated molecular gating, and the weakly confined CO<SUB>2</SUB> molecules in the cages allow direct detection by in situ single-crystal X-ray diffraction at 323 K. Variable-temperature in situ synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction studies also show that the CO<SUB>2</SUB> sorption is reversible and driven by temperature increase. Solid-state magic angle spinning NMR defines the interactions of CO<SUB>2</SUB> with the organic framework and dynamic motion of CO<SUB>2</SUB> in cages. The reversible sorption is attributed to the dynamic motion of the DMF molecules combined with the axial motions/angular fluctuations of CO<SUB>2</SUB> (a series of transient opening/closing of compartments enabling CO<SUB>2</SUB> molecule passage), as revealed from NMR and simulations. This temperature-driven transient molecular gating can store gaseous molecules in ordered arrays toward unique collective properties and release them for ready use.</P>

Influence of planting times on dry matter production and yield of soybean

Sang-Ouk Shin,Hyun-Tae Kim,Tae-Joung Ha,Won-Young Han,Jong-Min Ko,Kyung-Jin Choi,In-Yeul Baek,Keum-Yong Park,Sang-Chul Lee 한국작물학회 2008 한국작물학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2008 No.10

This experiment was carried out to clear optimum planting time for yield enlargement by comparing yield with dry matter at Miryang from 2005 to 2006. Variety used were Daewon, Daepung, Daol and Cheongja 3. Seeding was performed on April 30 to June 30 with 20day intervals and planting density was 142,857 palnts/ha (70×20㎝, 2plants per hill) with black vinyl mulching. In R2~R4 stages, crop growth rate(CGR) was largest on June 10 seeding. Although net assimilation rate(NAR) increased as seeding date was delayed, NAR on June 10 seeding was the highest throughout the growth period. Positive relationships were observed between NAR from R2 to R4 the ratio of pod to total dry matter weight. The LAI and total dry matter weight at the R4 stage was higher at earlier seeding date. In the case when seeding date was delayed, the ratio of leaf(source) and pod(sink) increased. From the comparison of all factors such as dry weight, optimum LAI, and of source to sink, the optimum planting date for high seed production was June 10. The highest yield was recorded with on June 10 seeding. Also, this seeding date showed high ratio of seed yield to dry matter in R2 stage. Difference between surveyed pod no. and theological pod no. which was calculated by dry matter ratio compared with standard seeding date(June 10) at R2 stage was the smallest in June 10 seeding.

Relationships comparision of major agronomic characteristics for high quality soybean seed production

Sang-Ouk Shin,Sea-Gyu Lim,Tae-Joung Ha,Seong-Hyu Shin,Kyung-Jin Choi,In-Yeul Baek,Keum-Yong Park,Sang-Chul Lee 한국작물학회 2008 한국작물학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2008 No.10

This study was carried out to obtain general agronomic characteristics and identify its relationship with seeding date for high quality soybean seed production. One hundred(100) domestic soybean varieties were used and seeding date were scheduled at April 30 and May 30. This experiment was carried out at YARI, NICE situated at Miryang from 2005 to 2006. Maturity Group(MG) was classified by Kweon et al's method (1974). Correlation analysis of major agronomic characters showed positive relationship between days to flowering and growth days, seed weight and lodging in MG ,seed crack and growth days in Ⅳ~Ⅴ MG0~Ⅲ,seed crack and days to flowering in MGⅣ~Ⅴ and MGⅥ~Ⅶ, seed crack and lodging in MGⅣ~Ⅴ and MGⅥ~Ⅶ, seed crack and seed weight in MGⅣ~Ⅴ and MGⅥ~Ⅶ, purple seed and growth days in MGⅣ~Ⅴ , purple seed and seed weight in MGⅥ~Ⅶ, phomopsis and growth days in MGⅣ~Ⅴ and MGⅥ~Ⅶ, and phomopsis and purple seed in MGⅣ~Ⅴ and MGⅥ~Ⅶ. In contrast, a negative relationship was observed between seed weight and lodging in MG0~Ⅲ. Correlating yield and major characters revealed negative relationship between days to flowering and growth days in MG0~Ⅲ and MGⅣ~Ⅴ, whereas positive relationships were obtained on MGⅥ~Ⅶ seeded on April 30. Lodging, seed weight and seed crack were all negatively correlated with yield in MGⅣ~Ⅴ and MGⅥ~Ⅶ

Classification of maturity group in 100 Korea soybean varieties

Sang-Ouk Shin,Tae-Joung Ha,Seong-Hyu Shin,Sea-Gyu Lim,Kyung-Jin Choi,In-Yeul Baek,Keum-Yong Park,Sang-Chul Lee 한국작물학회 2008 한국작물학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2008 No.10

This study was carried out to classify Korean soybean varieties based maturity group. One hundred (100) domestic soybean varieties ( 56 for fermentation, 26 for sprouting, 17 for mixed with rice) were used and seeding date was scheduled at April 30. This experiment carried out at Yeongnam Agricultural Research Institute, NICE situated at Miryang from 2005 to 2006. Classification of maturity group in 100 soybeans was followed by Kweon et al's method (1974) The main difference between this experiment and that of Kweon et al's method (1974) were the planting region and planting date. This experiment was conducted on April 30 at Miryang while Kweon et al. was conducted on May 23 in Seoul. Results of maturity grouping of Korean soybean varieties showed that Keunol, which was represented among 3 varieties, belonged to Group 0, Seonnok and Danmi in GroupⅡ, Shinrok in GroupⅢ, Seonyu, represented by 17 cultivars, in GroupⅣ, Taekwang, having 44 cultivars in GroupⅤ, Daewon, represented by 25 cultivars in GroupⅥ, and Kwangdu and Keumdu in GroupⅦ.

Apparent seed quality and climatic factors during reproductive stage in soybean

Sang-Ouk Shin,Seong-Hyu Shin,Tae-Joung Ha,Sea-Gyu Lim,Kyung-Jin Choi,In-Yeul Baek,Keum-Yong Park,Sang-Chul Lee 한국작물학회 2008 한국작물학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2008 No.10

This experiment was carried out to examine seed quality as affected by enviromental cutivation for the production of high quality domestic soybean variety at Miryang (altitude : 12m) and Muju(altitude : 600m). Variety used were Daewon, Daepung, Daol and Cheongja 3. Seeding was performed on April 30 to June 30 and planting density was 142,857 palnts/ha. Seed weight across regions was lighter as seeding date was delayed. Opposite trends between seed crack and seed weight was obtained. Seed crack decreased as seeding date was delayed and have higher occurrence in Miryang than in Muju. Perple seed and phomopsis decayed seed decreased as seeding date was delayed. There was a significant negative correlation between seed weight and mean temperature from R2 to R4 stages in all variety. Seed weight increased as mean temperature from R2 to R4 stage decreased to 22.0℃, which was greatly manifested on Daewon variety. At maturity time, Daewon variety had an average increase of 1.79g as mean temperature decreased by 1℃. Seed weight of Daewon obtained a significant negative correlation with mean temperature at R4~R6 stage and on rainfall at R4~R6 stage. Mean temperature and rainfall were able to estimate 100 seed weight of Daewon and Daepung variety with 98.1% and 96.6% probability, respectively. Phomopsis occurrence in late maturity type was closely related to rainfall during the R4~R6 stages.

Recurrence of Small Cerebral Aneurysms (< 4 mm) Treated Endovascularly Using Target® NanoTM Coils

Sung Min Kim,Hyun Gon Lee,Byung Sam Choi,Jung Soo Kim,Sungjoon Lee,Hae Yu Kim,Sung Tae Kim,Young-Gyun Jeong,Jin Wook Baek,Hae Woong Jeong,Sung-Chul Jin 대한뇌혈관외과학회 2018 Journal of Cerebrovascular and Endovascular Neuros Vol.20 No.2

Objective : In our series, endovascular coiling with Target® NanoTM coils (Stryker Neurovascular, Fremont, CA, USA) with diameters of 1 or 1.5 mm exhibited favorable technical feasibility in the treatment of small cerebral aneurysms (< 4 mm). However, little is known about the recurrence of small cerebral aneurysms treated using Target® NanoTM coils. We investigated recurrence following the treatment of small cerebral aneurysms using Target® NanoTM coils. Materials and Methods : Between January 2012 and November 2013, 143 patients with 148 small cerebral aneurysms (< 4 mm) were included our study. A total of 135 cerebral aneurysms (91.2%) were unruptured; 45 cerebral aneurysms (30.4%) were treated by endovascular coiling using Target® NanoTM coils. Follow-up radiological images were obtained for 132 cerebral aneurysms (89.2%) over a range of 3 to 58 months (mean, 34.3 months; standard deviation, 14.2). Results : In the group treated with Target® NanoTM coils, radiological outcomes revealed complete occlusion in 33 (73.3%), residual necks in eight (17.8%), and residual sacs in four (8.9%) cases. Follow-up radiological outcomes revealed complete occlusion in 35 (77.8%) and residual necks in four (8.9%) cases that exhibited stable coil masses. In the group that was not treated with Target® NanoTM coils, radiological outcomes revealed complete occlusion in 69 (67%), residual necks in 18 (17.5%), and residual sacs in 16 (15.5%) cases. Follow-up radiological outcomes revealed complete occlusion in 87 (84.5%) and residual necks (5.8%) in six cases that exhibited stable coil masses. No significant differences were observed in the radiological outcomes or follow-up radiological outcomes between the two groups. No recurrences or retreatments occurred in our series. Conclusion : Endovascular treatment using Target® NanoTM coils may be a robust treatment option for small cerebral aneurysms (< 4 mm).

Clinical Course and Outcomes of 3,060 Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Korea, January–May 2020

Sung Ho Kyung,Kim Jin Yong,Heo Jeonghun,Seo Haesook,Jang Young soo,Kim Hyewon,Koh Bo Ram,Jo Neungsun,Oh Hong Sang,Baek Young Mi,Park Kyung-Hwa,Shon Jeung A,Kim Min-Chul,Kim Joon Ho,Chang Hyun-Ha,Park 대한의학회 2020 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.35 No.30

Background: The fatality rate of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) varies among countries owing to demographics, patient comorbidities, surge capacity of healthcare systems, and the quality of medical care. We assessed the clinical outcomes of patients with COVID-19 during the first wave of the epidemic in Korea. Methods: Using a modified World Health Organization clinical record form, we obtained clinical data for 3,060 patients with COVID-19 treated at 55 hospitals in Korea. Disease severity scores were defined as: 1) no limitation of daily activities; 2) limitation of daily activities but no need for supplemental oxygen; 3) supplemental oxygen via nasal cannula; 4) supplemental oxygen via facial mask; 5) non-invasive mechanical ventilation; 6) invasive mechanical ventilation; 7) multi-organ failure or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation therapy; and 8) death. Recovery was defined as a severity score of 1 or 2, or discharge and release from isolation. Results: The median age of the patients was 43 years of age; 43.6% were male. The median time from illness onset to admission was 5 days. Of the patients with a disease severity score of 3–4 on admission, 65 (71.5%) of the 91 patients recovered, and 7 (7.7%) died due to illness by day 28. Of the patients with disease severity scores of 5–7, 7 (19.5%) of the 36 patients recovered, and 8 (22.2%) died due to illness by day 28. None of the 1,324 patients who were < 50 years of age died; in contrast, the fatality rate due to illness by day 28 was 0.5% (2/375), 0.9% (2/215), 5.8% (6/104), and 14.0% (7/50) for the patients aged 50–59, 60–69, 70–79, and ≥ 80 years of age, respectively. Conclusion: In Korea, almost all patients of < 50 years of age with COVID-19 recovered without supplemental oxygen. In patients of ≥ 50 years of age, the fatality rate increased with age, reaching 14% in patients of ≥ 80 years of age.

High incidence of subsequent re-operation following treatments for medial meniscus tears combined with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: second-look arthroscopic study

( Sang-gyun Kim ),( Soo-hyun Kim ),( Jung-heum Baek ),( Jae-gyoon Kim ),( Ki-mo Jang ),( Hong-chul Lim ),( Ji-hoon Bae ) 대한슬관절학회 2019 대한슬관절학회지 Vol.31 No.1

Background: The Multicenter Orthopaedic Outcomes Network (MOON) group recently reported that medial meniscus (MM) repairs are associated with more frequent re-operations when compared to lateral meniscus (LM) repairs. The purpose of this study was to compare the meniscal healing and the incidence of subsequent reoperation of medial and lateral meniscal tears that occurred concurrently with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed patients who underwent second-look arthroscopy after primary ACL reconstruction (ACLR) between June 2005 to December 2016. The healing of meniscal tears following repair or left in situ, and re-tear following partial meniscectomy, were evaluated via second-look arthroscopy and compared between medial and lateral meniscus. Moreover, the incidence of subsequent meniscal re-operation after the index ACLR were investigated and compared between medial and lateral meniscus. Subsequent meniscal re-operation was performed in cases of the following three symptomatic meniscus tears: re-tears at the meniscectomy site; new tears; and failed healing of repaired or left in situ meniscus. Results: There were 148 meniscal tears in 121 patients at index ACLR. There were 62 MM tears, 38 LM tears, and 24 bilateral meniscus tears. At second-look arthroscopy, the “successful healing” rate for tears following repair was higher in LM tears (91.2%) compared to MM tears (80.0%), although it was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). No significant differences were observed in the healing of left in situ tears or re-tear of meniscectomy site between medial and lateral meniscus. Patients with MM tears combined with ACL injuries had a higher incidence of subsequent meniscal re-operation compared to patients with LM tears (25.6% vs 16.1%, p = 0.025). Conclusions: There was a trend for the successful healing rate to be higher in LM repairs than MM repairs. Subsequent meniscal re-operations after ACLR were more frequent in patients with medial meniscal tears concurrently with ACL injuries in comparison to patients with lateral meniscal tears. Level of study: Level IV, retrospective case series.

Alendronate-loaded microparticles for improvement of intestinal cellular absorption

Baek, Jong-Suep,Kwon, Hae-Hyun,Hwang, Ji-Sook,Sung, Ha-Chang,Lee, Jeong-Min,Shin, Sang-Chul,Kim, Young Ran,Cho, Cheong-Weon Informa Healthcare 2011 JOURNAL OF DRUG TARGETING Vol.19 No.1

<P>This study examined a novel alendronate formulation that was developed to overcome the shortcomings of alendronate, such as its low bioavailability and gastric adverse effects. Alendronate microparticles were prepared using mucoadhesive polymers such as chitosan for improving the intestinal cellular absorption of alendronate and also using a gastric-resistant polymer such as Eudragit L100-55 for reducing the gastric inflammation of alendronate. Alendronate microparticles including chitosan showed a threefold increase in alendronate uptake (6.92 ± 0.27%) in Caco-2 cells when compared with the uptake of alendronate solution (2.38 ± 0.27%) into Caco-2 cells. Most interestingly, alendronate microparticles including chitosan showed 2.80 × 10<SUP>−6</SUP> cm/s of an apparent permeability coefficient across Caco-2 cells and caused a significant 42.4% enhancement compared with that of alendronate solution across Caco-2 cells. The morphology of the Caco-2 cells treated with alendronate microparticles including chitosan was similar to that of the untreated cells and alendronate microparticles exhibited a negative effect to propodium iodide with some annexin-V fluorescence isothiocyante positive effect. It was proposed that the novel alendronate microparticles could possess the potential of an increased intestinal absorption and fewer adverse effects of alendronate.</P>