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      • KCI등재

        Optimal Status Updating with a Finite-Battery Energy Harvesting Source

        Baran Tan Bacinoglu,Yin Sun,Elif Uysal,Volkan Mutlu 한국통신학회 2019 Journal of communications and networks Vol.21 No.3

        We consider an energy harvesting source equipped with afinite battery, which needs to send timely status updates to a remotedestination. The timeliness of status updates is measured by a nondecreasingpenalty function of the age of information (AoI). Theproblem is to find a policy for generating updates that achieves thelowest possible time-average expected age penalty among all onlinepolicies. We prove that one optimal solution of this problem is amonotone threshold policy, which satisfies (i) each new update issent out only when the age is higher than a threshold and (ii) thethreshold is a non-increasing function of the instantaneous batterylevel. Let B denote the optimal threshold corresponding to the fullbattery level B, and p( ) denote the age-penalty function, then wecan show that p( B) is equal to the optimum objective value, i.e.,the minimum achievable time-average expected age penalty. Thesestructural properties are used to develop an algorithm to computethe optimal thresholds. Our numerical analysis indicates that theimprovement in average age with added battery capacity is largestat small battery sizes; specifically, more than half the total possiblereduction in age is attained when battery storage increases fromone transmission’s worth of energy to two. This encourages furtherstudy of status update policies for sensors with small batterystorage.

      • KCI등재

        Finite-Horizon Online Transmission Scheduling on an Energy Harvesting Communication Link with a Discrete Set of Rates

        Baran Tan Bacinoglu,Elif Uysal-Biyikoglu 한국통신학회 2014 Journal of communications and networks Vol.16 No.3

        As energy harvesting communication systems emerge, there is a need for transmission schemes that dynamically adapt to the energy harvesting process. In this paper, after exhibiting a finite-horizon online throughput-maximizing scheduling problem formulation and the structure of its optimal solution within a dynamic programming formulation, a low complexity online scheduling policy is proposed. The policy exploits the existence of thresholds for choosing rate and power levels as a function of stored energy, harvest state and time until the end of the horizon. The policy, which is based on computing an expected threshold, performs close to optimal on a wide range of example energy harvest patterns. Moreover, it achieves higher throughput values for a given delay, than throughput-optimal online policies developed based on infinite-horizon formulations in recent literature. The solution is extended to include ergodic time-varying (fading) channels, and a corresponding low complexity policy is proposed and evaluated for this case as well.

      • Risk Factors of Lymph Node Metastases with Endometrial Carcinoma

        Cetinkaya, Kadir,Atalay, Funda,Bacinoglu, Ahmet Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.15

        Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate and evaluate risk factors for lymph node metastases (LNM) in cases of endometrial cancer (EC). Materials and Methods: A retrospective single institution analysis of patients surgically staged for EC at Ankara Oncology Education and Research Hospital from 1996 to 2010 was performed. Roles of prognostic factors, such as age, histological type, grade, depth of myometrial invasion, cervical involvement, peritoneal cytology, and tumor size, in the prediction of LNM were evaluated. Fisher's exact test and logistic regression analysis were used to assess the effects of various factors on LNM. Results: LNM was observed in 22 out of 247 patients (8.9%) and was significantly more common in the presence of tumors of higher grade, deep myometrial invasion (DMI), cervical involvement, size >2cm, and with positive peritoneal cytology. Logistic regression analysis revealed that DMI remained the only independent risk factor for LNM. NPV, PPV, sensitivity, and specificity for satisfying LNM risk were 98.0, 19.5, 86.3, and 65.3%, respectively for DMI. Conclusions: The incidence of LNM is influenced independently by DMI. If data support a conclusion of DMI, LND should be seriously considered.

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