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Interspecies transmission of the canine influenza H3N2 virus to domestic cats in South Korea, 2010
Song, D. S.,An, D. J.,Moon, H. J.,Yeom, M. J.,Jeong, H. Y.,Jeong, W. S.,Park, S. J.,Kim, H. K.,Han, S. Y.,Oh, J. S.,Park, B. K.,Kim, J. K.,Poo, H.,Webster, R. G.,Jung, K.,Kang, B. K. Microbiology Society 2011 The Journal of general virology Vol.92 No.10
Association of brain heptachlor epoxide and other organochlorine compounds with lewy pathology
Ross, G. Webster,Abbott, Robert D.,Petrovitch, Helen,Duda, John E.,Tanner, Caroline M.,Zarow, Chris,Uyehara‐,Lock, Jane H.,Masaki, Kamal H.,Launer, Lenore J.,Studabaker, William B.,White, Lon R. John Wiley Sons, Inc. 2019 Movement disorders Vol.34 No.2
<P><B>ABSTRACT</B></P><P><B>Background</B></P><P>Organochlorine pesticides are associated with an increased risk of Parkinson's disease. A preliminary analysis from the Honolulu‐Asia Aging Study suggested that heptachlor epoxide, a metabolite from an organochlorine pesticide extensively used in Hawaii, may be especially important. This was a cross sectional analysis to evaluate the association of heptachlor epoxide and other organochlorine compounds with Lewy pathology in an expanded survey of brain organochlorine residues from the longitudinal Honolulu‐Asia Aging Study.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>Organochlorines were measured in frozen occipital or temporal lobes in 705 brains using gas chromatography with mass spectrometry. Lewy pathology was identified using hematoxylin and eosin‐ and α‐synuclein immunochemistry‐stained sections from multiple brain regions.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>The prevalence of Lewy pathology was nearly doubled in the presence versus the absence of heptachlor epoxide (30.1% versus 16.3%, <I>P</I> < 0.001). Although associations with other compounds were weaker, hexachlorobenzene (<I>P</I> = 0.003) and α‐chlordane (<I>P</I> = 0.007) were also related to Lewy pathology. Most of the latter associations, however, were a result of confounding from heptachlor epoxide. Neither compound was significantly related to Lewy pathology after adjustment for heptachlor epoxide. In contrast, the association of heptachlor epoxide with Lewy pathology remained significant after adjustments for hexachlorobenzene (<I>P</I> = 0.013) or α‐chlordane (<I>P</I> = 0.005). Findings were unchanged after removal of cases of PD and adjustment for age and other characteristics.</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>Organochlorine pesticides are associated with the presence of Lewy pathology in the brain, even after exclusion of PD cases. Although most of the association is through heptachlor epoxide, the role of other organochlorine compounds is in need of clarification. © 2018 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society</P>
Mitrevski, B.,Webster, R.L.,Rawson, P.,Evans, D.J.,Choi, H.K.,Marriott, P.J. Elsevier 2012 Journal of chromatography Vol.1224 No.-
To characterize a fuel's thermal and storage stability an understanding of the process of oxidation and oxidation pathways is essential. Oxidation pathways commence with hydroperoxides which quickly decompose to form a range of alcohols, acids and other oxygen-containing species. In the presence of significant levels of hydrocarbon-based matrix, analysis of these heteroatomic species is difficult. Applying multidimensional gas chromatography with very narrow heart-cut windows (0.20min) minimizes the number of compounds transferred to the second dimension (<SUP>2</SUP>D) column during each heart-cut. Successive heart-cuts every 2.00min are taken throughout the analytical run, since each heart-cut has a maximum retention on <SUP>2</SUP>D of <2.00min on the fast elution <SUP>2</SUP>D column. Subsequent analyses involve incrementing or offsetting the heart-cut windows by 0.20min, so after 10 analyses, a complete coverage of the sample components can be obtained. On the polar <SUP>1</SUP>D and non-polar <SUP>2</SUP>D phase column arrangement, non-polar matrix compounds elute last on the <SUP>2</SUP>D column, and this determines the largest <SUP>2</SUP>t<SUB>R</SUB>; i.e. <SUP>2</SUP>t<SUB>R</SUB><P<SUB>M</SUB> to ensure retained components on <SUP>2</SUP>D will not overlap with subsequent heart-cuts. Heartcutting is supported by cryotrapping at the start of the <SUP>2</SUP>D column in order to provide significantly better resolution. Good quality MS library match data generally demonstrate the high resolution separation of oxygenates achieved. Whilst 1D GC-MS was unsuccessful in identifying any of the oxygen-containing compounds reported here, good correlation of MS data (with average MS library similarity data) for acids (903), alcohols (909), ketones (941) and aldehydes (938) in the sample is obtained. The method requires ten sequential runs, and this can be accomplished automatically once the events table is set up. However if fewer target compounds are to be transferred, a reduced number of sequential runs can be implemented.