Morphological, ecological and biological variations in the mustard aphid, Lipaphis pseudobrassicae (Kaltenbach) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) from different host plants

B.K. Agarwala,Kalpana Das,Parichita Raychoudhury 한국응용곤충학회 2009 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.12 No.3

Genetic and morphological differentiation of insect populations in relation to the use of different host plants is an important phenomenon that leads to ecological specialization. In this study, we describe variations in morphology, and in ecological and biological parameters of Lipaphis pseudobrassicae (Kaltenbach) clones associated with three host species of Cruciferae, Brassica juncea (L.) var. rai sarson Czern and Cross (brown mustard), Brassica campestris L. var. sarson Prain (yellow mustard), and Rorippa indica (L.) Hiern (wild herb). This study was aimed at obtaining evidence regarding phenotypic differentiation induced by, or associated with, the use of distinct host species. Ten morphological characters, 4 growth parameters and 8 biological functions were investigated in wingless aphids collected from plants of the three host species. Aphids from B. campestris and B. juncea clones were bigger in size, heavier in weight and showed higher growth rates and fecundity than the clones from R. indica. Between the two crop plants, clones from B. juncea showed significantly higher growth rates than the clones from B. campestris. Transfer of L. pseudobrassicae populations from B. campestris to B. juncea and R. indica and vice versa resulted in poor performance. Results indicate that the average phenotype of L. pseudobrassicae individuals inhabiting different host plant species differs as a consequence of the contrasting feeding environments the host species provide. Genetic and morphological differentiation of insect populations in relation to the use of different host plants is an important phenomenon that leads to ecological specialization. In this study, we describe variations in morphology, and in ecological and biological parameters of Lipaphis pseudobrassicae (Kaltenbach) clones associated with three host species of Cruciferae, Brassica juncea (L.) var. rai sarson Czern and Cross (brown mustard), Brassica campestris L. var. sarson Prain (yellow mustard), and Rorippa indica (L.) Hiern (wild herb). This study was aimed at obtaining evidence regarding phenotypic differentiation induced by, or associated with, the use of distinct host species. Ten morphological characters, 4 growth parameters and 8 biological functions were investigated in wingless aphids collected from plants of the three host species. Aphids from B. campestris and B. juncea clones were bigger in size, heavier in weight and showed higher growth rates and fecundity than the clones from R. indica. Between the two crop plants, clones from B. juncea showed significantly higher growth rates than the clones from B. campestris. Transfer of L. pseudobrassicae populations from B. campestris to B. juncea and R. indica and vice versa resulted in poor performance. Results indicate that the average phenotype of L. pseudobrassicae individuals inhabiting different host plant species differs as a consequence of the contrasting feeding environments the host species provide.

Complete characterization of graphs for direct comparing Zagreb indices

Horoldagva, B.,Das, K.Ch.,Selenge, T.A. North Holland ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2016 Discrete Applied Mathematics Vol.215 No.-

<P>The classical first and second Zagreb indices of a graph G are defined as M-1(G) = Sigma(v is an element of V) d(G)(v)(2) and M-2(G) = Sigma(uv is an element of E(G)) d(G)(u) d(G)(V), where d(G)(v) is the degree of the vertex v of graph G. Recently, Furtula et al. (2014) studied the difference between the Zagreb indices and mentioned a problem to characterize the graphs for which M-1(G) > M-2 (G) or M-1(G) < M-2 (G) or M-1(G) = M-2 (G). In this paper we completely solve this problem. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</P>

Long-Term Tea Intake is Associated with Reduced Prevalence of (Type 2) Diabetes Mellitus among Elderly People from Mediterranean Islands: MEDIS Epidemiological Study

Demosthenes B. Panagiotakos,Christos Lionis,Akis Zeimbekis,Kyriaki Gelastopoulou,Natassa Papairakleous,Undurti N. Das,Evangelos Polychronopoulos 연세대학교의과대학 2009 Yonsei medical journal Vol.50 No.1

Purpose: We sought to evaluate the link between long-term tea intake and prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus, in a sample of elderly adults. Materials and Methods: During 2005- 2007, 300 men and women from Cyprus, 142 from Mitilini, 100 from Samothraki, 114 from Kefalonia, 131 from Crete, 150 from Corfu and 103 from Zakynthos (aged 65 to 100 years) were enrolled. Dietary habits (including tea consumption) were assessed through a food frequency questionnaire. Among various factors, fasting blood glucose was measured and prevalence of (type 2) diabetes mellitus was estimated. Results: 54% of the participants reported that they consume tea at least once a week (mean intake 1.6±1.1cup/day). The majority of the participants (98%) reported green or black tea consumption. The participants reported that they consume tea for at least 30 years of their life. After adjusting for various confounders, tea intake was inversely associated with lower blood glucose levels (b±SEM per 1 cup: -5.9±2.6mg/dL, p=0.02). Moreover, multiple logistic regression revealed that moderate tea consumption (1-2 cups/day) was associated with 70% (95% CI 41% to 86%) lower odds of having (type 2) diabetes, irrespective of age, sex, body mass, smoking, physical activity status, dietary habits and other clinical characteristics. Conclusion: The presented findings suggest that long- term tea intake is associated with reduced levels of fasting blood glucose and lower prevalence of diabetes, in a cohort of elderly people living in Mediterranean islands.

Structural, electrical, magnetic and narrow band gap-correlated optical characteristics of multiferroic [Pb(Fe0.5Nb0.5)O3]0.5−[(Ba0.8Sr0.2)TiO3]0.5

Pati Dinesh Kumar,Das Piyush R.,Parida B. N.,Behera B.,Padhee R. 한국세라믹학회 2022 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.59 No.6

The research article reports the various functional properties of barium strontium titanate [(Ba 0.8Sr0.2)TiO 3]-modifi ed lead iron niobate [Pb(Fe 0.5Nb0.5)O3] ceramic oxide synthesized by the solid-state method. Rietveld and POWD studies proved that the composition crystallizes in tetragonal structure as the primary phase. Ti–O perovskite vibrations were studied by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis. The TiO 6 octahedral stretching, O–Ti–O vibrations and Nb–O–Fe stretching vibrations of PFN were studied by Raman spectroscopy. The broadening of Raman modes was analysed in the framework of Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle using phonon confi nement model. Field emission gun-scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) studies revealed the dense grain distributions, grain growth and purity. UV–visible analysis was done to study the narrow band gap and Urbach energy. The eff ect of structural distortions and electronegativity on band gap were analysed. The photocatalytic response was studied by estimating the band edge levels +/H 2 1 Introduction The search for room temperature multiferroic materials is one of the most vital aspects in the fi eld of material science because of its enormous applications in multi- functional devices. Lead iron niobate (PFN) belongs to the family of multiferroic electroceramics with perovskite structure having formulation ABO 3 or A(B′B″)O3, where B′ and B″ are, respectively, low and high valence cati- ons like Fe 3+ and Nb 5+. The 3d 5 electrons of Fe 3+ boosts magnetic orders and the 6s 2 electrons of Pb 2+ generate the ferroelectric orderings [ 1 ]. PFN ceramics are widely used in device applications [ 2 –4 ] such as multilayer capaci- tors, actuators, transducers and so on due to their large values of relative permittivity, diff use phase transition Vol.:(0123456789) 1 3 using Mulliken’s model. The evaluated conduction band minimum level is suffi ciently negative with respect to the H (0 eV) level, which strongly signifi es the possible occurrence of the photocatalytic hydrogen emission reaction. A detailed electrical analysis was done to study the dielectric properties, relaxation, negative temperature coeffi cient of resistance (NTCR)-type response and DC conductivity. AC conductivity studies revealed the presence of overlapping large polaron tun- nelling (OLPT) model. The eff ect of oxygen vacancies on relaxation and its correlation with activation energy were discussed. Multiferroic nature was confi rmed from room temperature studies of P–E and M–H hysteresis loops. Fe 3+ Fe 3+ (F centre) exchange and Fe 3+ Fe 2+ double exchange mechanisms were discussed. A magnetic improvement was noticed on reduction of temperature to 50 K. The simultaneous existence of weak ferroelectricity and ferromagnetism is one of the interesting outcomes of the present study, which may provide a new multiferroic material for advanced electro-optical applications.

Remoteness and distance eigenvalues of a graph

Lin, H.,Das, K.Ch.,Wu, B. North Holland ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2016 Discrete Applied Mathematics Vol.215 No.-

<P>Let G be a connected graph of order n with diameter d. Remoteness rho of G is the maximum average distance from a vertex to all others and partial derivative(1) >= ... >= partial derivative(n) are the distance eigenvalues of G. Aouchiche and Hansen (0000), Aouchiche and Hansen conjectured that rho + partial derivative(3) > 0 when d >= 3 and rho + partial derivative(left perpendicular7d//right perpendicular) > 0. In this paper, we confirm these two conjectures. Furthermore, we give lower bounds on partial derivative(n) + rho and partial derivative(1) - rho when G not congruent to K-n and the extremal graphs are characterized. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</P>

Brassica oleracea Extracts Prevent Hyperglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Sumeet Gupta,Satish Burman,Anroop B. Nair,Samrat Chauhan,Debabrata Sircar,Partha Roy,Meenakshi Dhanwat,Debrupa Lahiri,Dinesh Mehta,Rina Das,Hany Ezzat Khalil 한국식품영양과학회 2022 Preventive Nutrition and Food Science Vol.27 No.1

This study investigated the protective effect of extracts from flowers of Brassica oleracea L. var. italica Plenck on type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated disorders. Three different doses of each extract (petroleum ether, ethanol, and aqueous) were administered orally for 42 days. Biochemical parameters, behavioral studies, and histological studies were measured at different periods. Mortality was found to be nil up to 2,000 mg/kg. Statistically significant (P<0.001) improvement in serum glucose level was observed in the groups receiving 400 mg/kg of petroleum ether, aqueous, or ethanol extracts compared with the negative control group. Insulin level was decreased by aqueous extracts, whereas lipid profiles were improved by aqueous and ethanol extracts. A reduction in transfer latency was observed in treatments of all three extract types. Ethanol extract treatment (400 mg/kg) showed maximum percentage inhibition in a lipid peroxidation assay. Additionally, the aqueous and ethanol extract treatments markedly reduced tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and glycosylated hemoglobin levels. Histological results showed that high doses of extracts alleviated the damages induced by type 2 diabetes mellitus in various organs and bones. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that B. oleracea has the potential to alleviate type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Seasonal Impact of Microsporidian Infection on the Reproductive Potential of Silkworm, Bombyx mori L. (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae)

Mohanan N. Madana,Krishnan N.,Mitra P.,Das N. K.,Saratchandra B.,Haldar D. P. Korean Society of Sericultural Science 2005 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.11 No.2

Impact of microsporidian infection and season on reproductive potential of Bombyx mori L. was investigated in the laboratory. Microsporidian infection significantly (P<0.01) reduced fecundity and hatching and increased sterility and mortality of eggs. Among the microsporidia, Nosema sp. 2 infected silkworm produced eggs with least fecundity and hatching percent as well as highest dead and sterile eggs followed by Nosema sp. 1 and N. bombycis. Microsporidia, in general, significantly reduced fecundity and hatching percent of eggs and increased number of dead and sterile eggs in all the three seasons except N. bombycis in July - August (S3) and Nosema sp. 2 in January February (S1). Since, seed production is the anchor sheet of mulberry sericulture, coefficient of egg lying is considered as an important aspect and the industry quite often facing shortage of disease free layings. The present study indicates that B. mori is more susceptible to microsporidia during S2 followed by S3 and S1 and Nosema sp2. is most virulent followed by Nosema spl. and N. bombycis.

The Lack of Evidence for Intra - and Inter - Chromosomal Interactions in Indian Natural Populations of Drosophila Melanogaster

Das, Aparup,Singh, B N 한국유전학회 1990 Genes & Genomics Vol.12 No.2

Inversion polymorphism in six Indian natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster was studied and nineteen different paracentric inversions including the four common cosmopolitans were detected. The description of inversion and their frequencies have been described elsewhere (Singh and Das, 1990a, Genome 33: in press). During the present study the same data have been analysed in order to test the infra-and interchromosomal interactions in Indian natural populations of D. melanogaster. The results provide no evidence for interactions between inversions in natural populations analysed.

Metal-ion doped p-type TiO₂ thin films and their applications for heterojunction devices

Das, S.,Liu, D.,Park, J.B.,Hahn, Y.B. Elsevier Sequoia 2013 Journal of alloys and compounds Vol.553 No.-

Our study revealed that wet chemically processed metal-ion (i.e., Al<SUP>+3</SUP>, Cr<SUP>+3</SUP>, Ni<SUP>+2</SUP>) doped TiO<SUB>2</SUB> thin films could convert its conducting nature from n-type to extrinsic p-type. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) showed shifting of valence band edges with increasing doping concentration. The metal-ion doped TiO<SUB>2</SUB> films were employed as active component in bipolar heterojunction devices, which recorded low turn-on voltage and showed rectification behavior. These results were analyzed to conclude that the doped TiO<SUB>2</SUB> is p-type in nature. Temperature-dependent responses of field effect transistors (FETs) with the p-TiO<SUB>2</SUB> films as channel component revealed efficient features. Conclusive results revealed that reliable and reproducible p-type conductivity could be obtained with Ni<SUP>+2</SUP> doped TiO<SUB>2</SUB>.

Anthelmintic activity of $Clerodendrum$ $viscosum$

Das, Jayanta Kumar,Choudhury, S.,Adhikary, S.,Das, B.,Samanta, S.,Mandal, S.C.,Dey, S.P. 경희한의학연구센터 2011 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.11 No.2

The juice of the fresh leaves of $Clerodendrum$ $viscosum$ is widely used in the treatment of helminthiasis in folklore medicine. In this present study we have investigated the folklore claim methodically and scientifically. The ethanolic and aqueous extracts of leaves and roots of the plant are tested against $Pheretima$ $posthuma$ & $Ascardia$ $galli$ to ascertain their anthelmintic potential. All the extracts showed significant anthelmintic activity in dose dependent manner; the ethanolic extract of root at a dose of 200 mg/ml exhibited better anthelmintic activity than the reference drug, Piperazine citrate (10 mg/ml) against both type of worms.