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Polarization-sensitive optical frequency domain imaging based on unpolarized light.
Kim, Ki Hean,Park, B Hyle,Tu, Yupeng,Hasan, Tayyaba,Lee, Byunghak,Li, Jianan,de Boer, Johannes F Optical Society of America 2011 Optics express Vol.19 No.2
<P>Polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT) is an augmented form of OCT, providing 3D images of both tissue structure and polarization properties. We developed a new method of polarization-sensitive optical frequency domain imaging (PS-OFDI), which is based on a wavelength-swept source. In this method the sample was illuminated with unpolarized light, which was composed of two orthogonal polarization states (i.e., separated by 180° in the Poincaré sphere) that are uncorrelated to each other. Reflection of these polarization states from within the sample was detected simultaneously and independently using a frequency multiplexing scheme. This simultaneous sample probing with two polarization states enabled determination of the depth-resolved Jones matrices of the sample. Polarization properties of the sample were obtained by analyzing the sample Jones matrices through eigenvector decomposition. The new PS-OFDI system ran at 31K wavelength-scans/s with 3072 pixels per wavelength-scan, and was tested by imaging a polarizer and several birefringent tissues such as chicken muscle and human skin. Lastly the new PS-OFDI was applied to imaging two cancer animal models: a mouse model by injecting cancer cells and a hamster cheek pouch model. These animal model studies demonstrated the significant differences in tissue polarization properties between cancer and normal tissues in vivo.</P>
Trends and seasonal cycles in the isotopic composition of nitrous oxide since 1940
Park, S.,Croteau, P.,Boering, K. A.,Etheridge, D. M.,Ferretti, D.,Fraser, P. J.,Kim, K-R.,Krummel, P. B.,Langenfelds, R. L.,van Ommen, T. D.,Steele, L. P.,Trudinger, C. M. Springer Science and Business Media LLC 2012 Nature geoscience Vol.5 No.4
Luzzi, L.,Barani, T.,Boer, B.,Cognini, L.,Nevo, A. Del,Lainet, M.,Lemehov, S.,Magni, A.,Marelle, V.,Michel, B.,Pizzocri, D.,Schubert, A.,Uffelen, P. Van,Bertolus, M. Korean Nuclear Society 2021 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.53 No.10
The design phase and safety assessment of Generation IV liquid metal-cooled fast reactors calls for the improvement of fuel pin performance codes, in particular the enhancement of their predictive capabilities towards uranium-plutonium mixed oxide fuels and stainless-steel cladding under irradiation in fast reactor environments. To this end, the current capabilities of fuel performance codes must be critically assessed against experimental data from available irradiation experiments. This work is devoted to the assessment of three European fuel performance codes, namely GERMINAL, MACROS and TRANSURANUS, against the irradiation of two fuel pins selected from the SUPERFACT-1 experimental campaign. The pins are characterized by a low enrichment (~ 2 wt.%) of minor actinides (neptunium and americium) in the fuel, and by plutonium content and cladding material in line with design choices envisaged for liquid metal-cooled Generation IV reactor fuels. The predictions of the codes are compared to several experimental measurements, allowing the identification of the current code capabilities in predicting fuel restructuring, cladding deformation, redistribution of actinides and volatile fission products. The integral assessment against experimental data is complemented by a code-to-code benchmark focused on the evolution of quantities of engineering interest over time. The benchmark analysis points out the differences in the code predictions of fuel central temperature, fuel-cladding gap width, cladding outer radius, pin internal pressure and fission gas release and suggests potential modelling development paths towards an improved description of the fuel pin behaviour in fast reactor irradiation conditions.
L. Luzzi,T. Barani,B. Boer,A. Del Nevo,M. Lainet,S. Lemehov,A. Magni,V. Marelle,B. Michel,D. Pizzocri,A. Schubert,P. Van Uffelen,M. Bertolus 한국원자력학회 2023 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.55 No.3
Design and safety assessment of fuel pins for application in innovative Generation IV fast reactors calls for a dedicated nuclear fuel modelling and for the extension of the fuel performance code capabilities to the envisaged materials and irradiation conditions. In the INSPYRE Project, comprehensive and physicsbased models for the thermal-mechanical properties of UePu mixed-oxide (MOX) fuels and for fission gas behaviour were developed and implemented in the European fuel performance codes GERMINAL, MACROS and TRANSURANUS. As a follow-up to the assessment of the reference code versions (“pre- INSPYRE”, NET 53 (2021) 3367e3378), this work presents the integral validation and benchmark of the code versions extended in INSPYRE (“post-INSPYRE”) against two pins from the SUPERFACT-1 fast reactor irradiation experiment. The post-INSPYRE simulation results are compared to the available integral and local data from post-irradiation examinations, and benchmarked on the evolution during irradiation of quantities of engineering interest (e.g., fuel central temperature, fission gas release). The comparison with the pre-INSPYRE results is reported to evaluate the impact of the novel models on the predicted pin performance. The outcome represents a step forward towards the description of fuel behaviour in fast reactor irradiation conditions, and allows the identification of the main remaining gaps.
SGLT2 Inhibitors and Ketone Metabolism in Heart Failure
Saucedo-Orozco Huitzilihuitl,Voorrips Suzanne N.,Yurista Salva R.,de Boer Rudolf A.,Westenbrink B. Daan 한국지질동맥경화학회 2022 지질·동맥경화학회지 Vol.11 No.1
Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have emerged as powerful drugs that can be used to treat heart failure (HF) patients, both with preserved and reduced ejection fraction and in the presence or absence of type 2 diabetes. While the mechanisms underlying the salutary effects of SGLT2 inhibitors have not been fully elucidated, there is clear evidence for a beneficial metabolic effect of these drugs. In this review, we discuss the effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on cardiac energy provision secondary to ketone bodies, pathological ventricular remodeling, and inflammation in patients with HF. While the specific contribution of ketone bodies to the pleiotropic cardiovascular benefits of SGLT2 inhibitors requires further clarification, ketone bodies themselves may also be used as a therapy for HF.
In vivo imaging of human burn injuries with polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography.
Kim, Ki Hean,Pierce, Mark C,Maguluri, Gopi,Park, B Hyle,Yoon, Sang June,Lydon, Martha,Sheridan, Robert,de Boer, Johannes F SPIE--the International Society for Optical Engine 2012 Journal of biomedical optics Vol.17 No.6
<P>The accurate determination of burn depth is critical in the clinical management of burn wounds. Polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT) has been proposed as a potentially non-invasive method for determining burn depth by measuring thermally induced changes in the structure and birefringence of skin, and has been investigated in pre-clinical burn studies with animal models and ex vivo human skin. In this study, we applied PS-OCT to the in-vivo imaging of two pediatric burn patients. Deep and superficial burned skins along with contralateral controls were imaged in 3D. The imaging size was 8 mm 6 mm 2 mm in width, length, and depth in the air respectively, and the imaging time was approximately 6 s per volume. Superficially burned skins exhibited the same layered structure as the contralateral controls, but more visible vasculature and reduced birefringence compared to the contralateral controls. In contrast, a deeply burned skin showed loss of the layered structure, almost absent vasculature, and smaller birefringence compared to superficial burns. This study suggested the vasculature and birefringence as parameters for characterizing burn wounds.</P>
Kim, Ki Hean,Burns, James A.,Bernstein, Jonathan J.,Maguluri, Gopi N.,Park, B. Hyle,de Boer, Johannes F. Optical Society of America 2010 Optics express Vol.18 No.14
<P>We present in-vivo 3D human vocal fold images with polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT). Characterizing the extent and location of vocal fold lesions provides useful information in guiding surgeons during phonomicrosurgery. Previous studies showed that PS-OCT imaging can distinguish vocal fold lesions from normal tissue, but these studies were limited to 2D cross-sectional imaging and were susceptible to sampling error. In-vivo 3D endoscopic imaging was performed by using a recently developed 2-axis MEMS scanning catheter and a spectral domain OCT (SD-OCT), running at 18.5 frames/s. Imaging was performed in the operating room with patients under general anesthesia and 3D images were acquired either by 2D scanning of the scanner on the sites of interest or by combining 1D scanning and manual sliding to capture whole length of the vocal fold. Vocal fold scar, polyps, nodules, papilloma and malignant lesions were imaged and characteristics of individual lesions were analyzed in terms of spatial distribution and variation of tissue structure and birefringence. The 3D large sectional PS-OCT imaging showed that the spatial extent of vocal fold lesions can be found non-invasively with good contrast from normal tissue.</P>