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- 저자 : Azmi Zakaria (검색결과 3 건)
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Nawshad Muhammad,Zakaria Man,M. Azmi Bustam,M.I. Abdul Mutalib,Sikander Rafiq 한국공업화학회 2013 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.19 No.1
In this work, nitrile-based ionic liquids (ILs) i.e., 1-propyronitrile-3-butylimidazolium chloride [C2CNBim]Cl, 1-propyronitrile-3-allylimidazolium chloride [C2CNAim]Cl, 1-propyronitrile-3-(2-hydroxyethyl)imidazolium chloride [C2CN HEim]Cl and 1-propyronitrile-3-benzyllimidazolium chloride [C2CN Bzim]Cl were used as pre-treatment solvent for the extraction of lignin from bamboo biomass. The pre-treatment process was investigated with respect to several factors such as the types of ionic liquid cation used, the effect of pretreatment temperature and time, sample loading and particle size, the effect of recycling the ionic liquid on lignin extraction and the effect of multi-extraction to enhance the recovery of lignin which were collectively found to have an impact on the lignin extraction as a whole. The crystallinity of the cellulose-rich material obtained from the extraction was analyzed using XRD while the extracted lignin was characterized using FTIR, NMR, TGA and elemental analysis. From the XRD analysis, the crystallinity of the cellulose-rich material obtained after treatment with the synthesized nitrile-based ILs was found to remain the same. Among the nitrile-based ILs used, [C2CN Bzim]Cl demonstrate the best performance for the extraction process in a predetermined condition (T = 120 8C,t = 24 h) where 53% of the lignin from the bamboo was successfully extracted. This was confirmed from the FTIR and NMR analysis showing the characteristic peaks indicating the presence of lignin in the spectra of the respective samples tested.
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Majeed, Anwar P.P. Abdul,Taha, Zahari,Abdullah, Muhammad Amirul,Azmi, Kamil Zakwan Mohd,Zakaria, Muhammad Aizzat Techno-Press 2018 Advances in robotics research Vol.2 No.3
This study evaluates the efficacy of a class robust control scheme namely active force control in performing a joint based trajectory tracking of an upper limb exoskeleton in rehabilitating the elbow joint. The plant of the exoskeleton system is obtained via system identification method whilst the PD gains were tuned heuristically. The estimated inertial parameter that enables the AFC disturbance rejection effect is attained by means of a non-nature based metaheuristic optimisation technique known as simulated Kalman filter (SKF). It was demonstrated from the present investigation that the proposed PDAFC scheme outperformed the classical PD algorithm in tracking the prescribed trajectory both in the presence and without the presence of disturbance attributed by the mannequin limb weights (1 kg and 1.5 kg) that mimics the weight of actual human limb weight. Therefore, it is apparent from the results obtained from the present study that the proposed control scheme, i.e., PDAFC is suitable for the application of exoskeleton for stroke rehabilitation.
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Enhancement of electronic protection to reduce e-waste
Yadollah Abdollahi,Suhana Binti Mohd Said,Nor Asrina Sairi,Mohd Faizul Bin Mohd Sabri,Azmi Zakaria,Ebrahim Abouzari-lotf,Masoumeh Dorraj,Raba’ah Syahidah Aziz 한국공업화학회 2015 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.29 No.-
The electronic devices turn to e-waste due to their insufficient electrical protection which is provided bya ceramic core varistor. The ceramic consists of the surrounded ZnO grains of melted an additives layer. The layer is origin of the quality of the protection. To enhance the quality and consequently prevent ewaste,the fabrication of the varistor was modeled by artificial neural network. The model predicted theoptimized condition that was experimentally fabricated and electrically characterized. The resultsconfirmed the model predictability. In conclusion, the optimization which has industrial scales uppotential warranties the electronic protection that controls the global e-waste.
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