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김정윤,조희찬,( L. G. Austin1 ) 한국화학공학회 2007 화학공학의이론과응용 Vol.10 No.1
일반적으로 제품 생산에 활용되는 습식 볼밀 운전 조건 하에서는 굵은 입자들이 1차 분쇄 모델에 의해 예상되는 것보다 적게 배출되는 내부 분급 현상이 나타난다. 이러한 현상을 이해하기 위해서 4가지 방법의 보정 방법을 적용하여 보았다. 첫째는 밀 배출구에 가상의 분급 장치의 존재를 가정하는 것이고, 두 번째는 입도별로 다른 체류 시간을 가정하는 것이다. 셋째는 분쇄율(Specific rates of breakage) 공식을 수정하여 시간에 따라 분쇄율이 변한다고 가정하는 것이고, 넷째는 1차 분쇄 모델이 아닌 비 1차 분쇄 모델(non-first order breakage kinetics)을 도입하는 것이다. 네 가지 방식에 대해 문헌에 제시된 분쇄 실험 결과를 활용하여 적용 작업을 수행하였으며, 넷째 방법을 제외한 다른 방법들은 보정 작업이 간단한 반면 분쇄가 진행됨에 따라 각 방법들에 적용되는 변수값들의 변화폭이 크게 나타났다. 반면 넷째 방법에서는 보정 작업은 복잡하지만 변수값들의 변화가 작았다. 이는 내부 분급 현상이 비 1차 반응에 의해 주로 발생한다는 것을 의미한다고 하겠다.
Austin, Jirapa,Jeon, Youn A,Cha, Mi-Kyung,Park, Sookuk,Cho, Young-Yeol Korean Society of Horticultural Science 2016 원예과학기술지 Vol.34 No.3
Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is a plant native to the Andean region that has become increasing popular as a food source due to its high nutritional content. This study determined the optimal photoperiod, light intensity, and electrical conductivity (EC) of the nutrient solution for growth and yield of quinoa in a closed-type plant factory system. The photoperiod effects were first analyzed in a growth chamber using three different light cycles, 8/16, 14/10, and 16/8 hours (day/night). Further studies, performed in a closed-type plant factory system, evaluated nutrient solutions with EC (salinity) levels of 1.0, 2.0 or $3.0dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$. These experiments were assayed with two light intensities (120 and $143{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$) under a 12/12 and 14/10 hours (day/night) photoperiod. The plants grown under the 16/8 hours photoperiod did not flower, suggesting that a long-day photoperiod delays flowering and that quinoa is a short-day plant. Under a 12/12 h photoperiod, the best shoot yield (both fresh and dry weights) was observed at an EC of $2.0dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ and a photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) of $120{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$. With a 14/10 h photoperiod, the shoot yield (both fresh and dry weights), plant height, leaf area, and light use efficiency were higher when grown with an EC of $2.0dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ and a PPFD of $143{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$. Overall, the optimal conditions for producing quinoa as a leafy vegetable, in a closed-type plant factory system, were a 16/8 h (day/night) photoperiod with an EC of $2.0dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ and a PPFD of $143{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$.
Austin McCrea 서울대학교행정대학원 2022 The Korean Journal of Policy Studies Vol.37 No.3
Public service organizations employ buffers to ward off disruptive performance shocks such as disasters, budget cuts, and uncertain events. Existing applications on buffering focus on how slack human resources are reallocated to high-risk areas during times of uncertainty to dampen the impact these events have on core organizational processes. Besides slack, the quality of human capital is also important. Skilled personnel have the technical acumen and expertise to help managers navigate through treacherous times and still deliver public services. Yet, existing work does not disentangle the distinct impact of these two buffers. Using a panel dataset of nursing homes in Louisiana and Mississippi, I explore how personnel slack and human capital helped mitigate the devastation that Hurricane Katrina had on a very fragile, dependent, and sensitive segment of the population. The findings suggest that human capital buffers the impact of Hurricane Katrina on health deficiencies and physical dependency. In contrast, slack capacity amplified the impact of Katrina on health deficiencies.
Classification(s) of Cervical Deformity
Austin C. Kaidi,Han Jo Kim 대한척추신경외과학회 2022 Neurospine Vol.19 No.4
Cervical spine deformities (CSD) are complex surgical issues with currently heterogenous management strategies. The classification of CSD is still an evolving field. Rudimentary classification schemas were initially proposed in the late 20th century but were largely informal and based on the underlying etiology (i.e. , postsurgical, traumatic, or inflammatory). The first formal classification schema was proposed by Ames et al. in 2015 who established a standard nomenclature for describing these deformities. This classification system established 5 deformity descriptors based on curve apex location (cervical, cervicothoracic, thoracic, craniovertebral junctional, and coronal deformities) and 5 deformity modifiers which helped surgeons utilize a standard language when discussing CSD patients. Koller et al. in 2019 subsequently established a classification system for patients with rigid cervical kyphosis based on regional and global sagittal alignment. Most recently, Kim et al. in 2020 proposed an updated classification system utilizing dynamic cervical spine imaging to guide surgical treatment of CSD patients. It identified 4 major groups of deformities – (1) those with “flat-neck” deformities caused by cervical lordosis T1 slope mismatch; (2) those with focal kyphotic deformities between 2 cervical vertebrae; (3) those with cervicothoracic deformities caused by large T1 slope; and (4) those with coronal deformities. Group 2 deformities most often required combined anterior-posterior approaches with short constructs, and group 3 deformities most often required posterior-only approaches with 3-column osteotomies.
The Myth of Polarization Among Taiwanese Voters: The Missing Middle
Austin Horng-En Wang 동아시아연구원 2019 Journal of East Asian Studies Vol.19 No.3
Are Taiwanese voters polarized? By presenting four novel visualizations based on a factor analysis of Taiwan National Security Surveys from 2002 to 2017, this article describes the contours of structural change in Taiwan politics. Overall, the cross-strait position among Taiwanese voters can be described by a stable inverted U shape over time. This arises from the fact that most nonpartisans—typically neglected in the literature on polarization—are moderate. Before 2008, increasing polarization among partisans can be attributed to pan-green voters moving toward independence. Between 2008 and 2014, decreasing polarization stems from moderates self-identifying as panblue supporters. Since 2014, a record-breaking number of nonpartisans have left the pan-blue camp, and more extreme pan-blue voters have contributed to a return of polarization among partisans. The results yield important implications for the study of polarization and populism, as well as for the future of Taiwanese politics.