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Ishimaru, Kotaro,Takano, Atsushi,Katsura, Motoyasu,Yamaguchi, Nimpei,Kaneko, Ken-ichi,Takahashi, Haruo Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.22
Background: Although efficacy of aprepitant for suppressing emesis associated with single-dose cisplatin has been demonstrated, there are limited data on the antiemetic effect of this oral neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist during daily administration of cisplatin. Accordingly, we investigated the efficacy and safety of aprepitant in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) receiving combination therapy with cisplatin and 5-FU (FP therapy). Materials and Methods: Twenty patients with HNC were prospectively studied who received a triple antiemetic regimen comprising granisetron ($40{\mu}g/kg$ on Days 1-4), dexamethasone (8 mg on Days 1-4), and aprepitant (125 mg on day 1 and 80mg on days 2-5) with FP therapy (cisplatin $20mg/m^2$ on days 1-4; 5-FU $400mg/m^2$ on days 1-5) (aprepitant group). We also retrospectively studied another 20 HNC patients who received the same regimen except for aprepitant (control group). Results: For efficacy endpoints based on nausea, the aprepitant group showed significantly better results, including a higher rate of complete response (no vomiting and no salvage therapy) for the acute phase (p=0.0342), although there was no marked difference between the two groups with regard to percentage of patients in whom vomiting was suppressed. There were no clinically relevant adverse reactions to aprepitant. Conclusions: This study suggested that a triple antiemetic regimen containing aprepitant is safe and effective for HNC patients receiving daily cisplatin therapy.
Iwamoto, Takuro,Doi, Yuya,Kinoshita, Keita,Takano, Atsushi,Takahashi, Yoshiaki,Kim, Eunhye,Kim, Tae-Hwan,Takata, Shin-ichi,Nagao, Michihiro,Matsushita, Yushu American Chemical Society 2018 Macromolecules Vol.51 No.17
<P>Conformations of highly purified ring polystyrene, R-70, with the molar mass of 70 kg/mol, in a good solvent and in linear polymer homologue matrices were examined by small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) measurements. The radii of gyration <I>R</I><SUB>g</SUB> of R-70 were estimated by the Guinier’s approximation from the SANS profiles obtained, and the polymer volume fraction Φ dependence of <I>R</I><SUB>g</SUB><SUP>2</SUP> was discussed. In deuterated toluene as a good solvent, R-70 exhibits the <I>R</I><SUB>g</SUB><SUP>2</SUP> ∼ Φ<SUP>-0.29±0.01</SUP> dependence at high Φ above the overlap volume fraction, Φ<SUB>0</SUB>* (i.e., 1 < Φ/Φ<SUB>0</SUB>* < 20). This exponent −0.29 shows stronger Φ dependence than that for semidilute solutions of linear polymers, −0.25, predicted from the scaling theory, suggesting that the ring expands more sensitively than linear chains when Φ decreases in semidilute regime. In contrast, the Φ dependence of <I>R</I><SUB>g</SUB><SUP>2</SUP> of R-70 is evidently weaker than that of the recent simulation for ring polymer solutions (<I>R</I><SUB>g</SUB><SUP>2</SUP> ∼ Φ<SUP>−0.59</SUP>) by Reigh et al. This difference is thought to originate from the difference in the ring chain length; i.e., the simulation treated much longer rings than the ring adopted in this study. Therefore, it is expected that the exponent −0.29 for the ring polymer solutions obtained in this study is not a limiting value but is a transit one toward higher Φ/Φ<SUB>0</SUB>* region. The size of R-70 is also increased when the ring was diluted with linear polystyrenes. However, the degree of expansion of the rings in linear polymer matrices is considerably lower than that in toluene solutions. Moreover, the molar masses of the linear chains added hardly effect the expansion behavior of the rings. In fact, the dimension of rings gets closer to that of the Gaussian rings as a larger amount of linear chains is added.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>