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Scour Depth Estimation Methods around Pile Groups
Rashed Hosseini,Ata Amini 대한토목학회 2015 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.19 No.7
Pile groups have become more popular in structural designs due to economical and geotechnical reasons. It is also known that scour as the main cause of bridge failure can make serious damages and considerably threaten the safety of our environment. Thus, predicting scour depth is an essential step in designing bridges. This paper is a comprehensive review of local scour depth estimation methods around pile groups. Few studies investigated the effect of various parameters on the scour depth and some of them derived empirical equation for estimating the scour depth. Therefore, this review is divided into two different parts. In the first part, the experimental studies and results in the literature are reviewed. In the second part, those works that introduced methods for estimating scour depth are described. The methods of the second part are categorized into two sections: (1) empirical equations; (2) neural network procedures. The first section is the summary of those works that introduced empirical equations for estimating scour depth and the second section is the summary of recently introduced neural network procedures.
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Mohammad Hossein Sedri,Ata Amini,Ahmad Golchin 한국작물학회 2019 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.22 No.3
Soil, available water and nitrogen are limiting factors that restrict the production of wheat in arid lands of Iran. To evaluate the effects of nitrogen on yield and drought tolerance of rainfed wheat by stress susceptibility indices, a two-year field experiment was conducted under two irrigation conditions. Treatments consist of three nitrogen timing, as main plots including total nitrogen in fall, 2/3 in the fall+1/3 in the spring, and 1/2 in the fall+1/2 in the spring. The five nitrogen rates with 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 kgha-1 of urea were applied as sub-plots. The experiments were conducted using randomized complete block designs in a split-plot arrangement with three replications during the 2012-2013 and 2013-2014 cropping seasons. The results showed that yield in stress and non-stress conditions were significantly and positively correlated with most of the drought stress indices and negatively correlated with the Stress Susceptibility Index, SSI. The Tolerance Index (STI) was the best index for drought tolerance. Results of nitrogen treatment showed that nitrogen increased drought tolerance, while applying 60 kgha-1 nitrogen in the fall was with the highest yield in wheat.
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