The potential of brown-algae polysaccharides for the development of anticancer agents: An update on anticancer effects reported for fucoidan and laminaran

Sanjeewa, K.K. Asanka,Lee, Jung-Suck,Kim, Won-Suck,Jeon, You-Jin Elsevier 2017 Carbohydrate Polymers Vol.177 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>In recent decades, attention to cancer-preventive treatments and studies on the development of anticancer drugs have sharply increased owing to the increase in cancer-related death rates in every region of the world. However, due to the adverse effects of synthetic drugs, much attention has been given to the development of anticancer drugs from natural sources because of fewer side effects of natural compounds than those of synthetic drugs. Recent studies on compounds and crude extracts from marine algae have shown promising anticancer properties. Among those compounds, polysaccharides extracted from brown seaweeds play a principal role as anticancer agents. Especially, a number of studies have revealed that polysaccharides isolated from brown seaweeds, such as fucoidan and laminaran, have promising effects against different cancer cell types <I>in vitro</I> and <I>in vivo</I>. Herein, we reviewed <I>in vitro</I> and <I>in vivo</I> anticancer properties reported for fucoidan and laminaran toward various cancer cells from 2013 to 2016.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Brown seaweeds contain bioactive sulfated polysaccharides. </LI> <LI> Fucoidan and Laminarin are selective cancer cell inhibitors. </LI> <LI> Polysaccharides isolated from brown seaweeds have a potential to develop as anticancer agents. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities of sterol rich fraction of cultured marine microalga Nannochloropsis oculata

Sanjeewa, Kalu Kapuge Asanka,Fernando, Ilekuttige Priyan Shanura,Samarakoon, Kalpa W.,Lakmal, Hetti Handi Chaminda,Kim, Eun-A,Kwon, O-Nam,Dilshara, Matharage Gayani,Lee, Joon-Baek,Jeon, You-Jin The Korean Society of Phycology 2016 ALGAE Vol.31 No.3

Five fractions separated from Nannochloropsis oculata using solvent-solvent partition chromatography of 80% methanolic extract of N. oculata (NOM) followed by the open silica column chromatography of its hexane fraction (NOMH) for the anti-inflammatory on RAW 264.7 cells and anti-cancer activities on HL-60, A-549, HEP-3B, HCT-116, and SW-480 cancer cells. All the five fractions showed potential anti-inflammatory activities against lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages cells with IC₅₀ values less than 6.25 μg mL⁻¹. Moreover, 90% n-hexane column elution of NOMH (NOMH90) down-regulated lipopolysaccharide-stimulated protein levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2. Furthermore, NOMH90 showed marked cytotoxic effect on the HL-60 cells with IC₅₀ value of 23.58 ± 0.09 μg mL⁻¹. In addition, Hoechst 33342 cell permeable dye used to visualize the apoptosis nucleus and cell cycle analysis measured Sub-G1 DNA contents to confirm reduction of the cell viability in NOMH90 treated cells due to induction of apoptosis in HL60. These results are quite related to the phytosterol contents of the NOMH fractions and the results suggest N. oculata extracts might be useful as potential sources of natural anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer compounds. In conclusion, the sterol content in N. oculata might provide a promising role in future medicines in anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer.

Ecklonia cava (Laminariales) and Sargassum horneri (Fucales) synergistically inhibit the lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation via blocking NF-κB and MAPK pathways

Asanka Sanjeewa, K.K.,Fernando, I.P.S.,Kim, Seo-Young,Kim, Won-Suck,Ahn, Ginnae,Jee, Youngheun,Jeon, You-Jin The Korean Society of Phycology 2019 ALGAE Vol.34 No.1

Ecklonia cava (EC) has been widely utilized as an ingredient in commercial products such as functional foods and cosmeceuticals. Recently it has been found that Sargassum horneri (SH) has been invading on Jeju Island coast area by its huge blooming. Moreover, both seaweeds are considering as important ingredients in traditional medicine specifically in East-Asian countries (China, Japan, and Korea). In the present study, we attempted to compare anti-inflammatory properties of 70% ethanolic extracts of EC (ECE), SH (SHE), and their different combinations on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW 264.7 cells. Results indicated that 8 : 2 combinations of ECE : SHE significantly inhibited LPS-activated inflammatory responses (cytokines, protein, and gene expression) in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells compared to the respective extracts and other combinations. The synergistic effect of ECE and SHE was found to be prominent than the effects of ECE or SHE alone. These observations provide useful information for the industrial formulation of functional materials (functional foods and cosmeceuticals) using these two particular seaweeds in Jeju Island of South Korea.

<i>In vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> anti-inflammatory activities of high molecular weight sulfated polysaccharide; containing fucose separated from <i>Sargassum horneri</i>: Short communication

Sanjeewa, K.K. Asanka,Fernando, I.P.S.,Kim, Seo-Young,Kim, Hyun-Soo,Ahn, Ginnae,Jee, Youngheun,Jeon, You-Jin Elsevier 2018 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES Vol.107 No.1

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Recent studies on crude and pure compounds from <I>Sargassum horneri</I> have shown promising bioactive properties. However, anti-inflammatory potentials of fucose-rich sulfated polysaccharides from <I>S. horneri</I> have not yet been discovered. In the present study, we evaluated the <I>in vitro</I> and <I>in vivo</I> anti-inflammatory activities of four polysaccharide fractions separated from membrane filters according to their molecular weights (<5kDa (f1), 5–10kDa (f2), 10–30kDa (f3), and >30kDa (f4)). According to the results, F4 fraction inhibited the lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) (IC<SUB>50</SUB> =87.12μg/mL) and prostaglandin E<SUB>2</SUB> production as well as pro-inflammatory cytokine production in RAW 264.7 cells through down-regulating nuclear factor-κB signaling cascade. According to the results, f4 has a potential to down-regulate LPS-induced toxicity, cell death and NO production levels in LPS-induced <I>in vivo</I> zebrafish embryo model. These results suggest that f4 fraction has the potential to develop functional materials or drugs to treat inflammatory diseases.</P>

Ethanol extract separated from Sargassum horneri (Turner) abate LPS-induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 macrophages

Sanjeewa, K.K. Asanka,Jayawardena, Thilina U.,Kim, Hyun-Soo,Kim, Seo-Young,Ahn, Ginnae,Kim, Hak-Ju,Fu, Xiaoting,Jee, Youngheun,Jeon, You-Jin The Korean Society of Fisheries and Aquatic Scienc 2019 Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Vol.22 No.2

Background: This study is aimed at identifying the anti-inflammatory properties of 70% ethanol extract produced from an edible brown seaweed Sargassum horneri (SJB-SHE) with industrial-scale production by Seojin Biotech Co. Ltd. S. horneri is a rich source of nutrient and abundantly growing along the shores of Jeju, South Korea. Methods: Here, we investigated the effect of SJB-SHE on LPS-activated RAW 264.7 macrophages. The cytotoxicity and NO production of SJB-SHE were evaluated using MTT and Griess assays, respectively. Additionally, protein expression and gene expression levels were quantified using ELISA, Western blots, and RT-qPCR. Results: Our results indicated that pre-treatment of RAW 264.7 macrophages with SJB-SHE significantly inhibited LPS-induced NO and $PGE_2$ production. SJB-SHE downregulated the proteins and genes expression of LPS-induced iNOS and COX2. Additionally, SJB-SHE downregulated LPS-induced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-$1{\beta}$). Furthermore, SJB-SHE inhibited nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-${\kappa}B$) activation and translocation to the nucleus. SJB-SHE also suppressed the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (ERK1/2 and JNK). Conclusions: Collectively, our results demonstrated that SJB-SHE has a potential anti-inflammatory property to use as a functional food ingredient in the future.

Exploiting biological activities of brown seaweed Ishige okamurae Yendo for potential industrial applications: a review

Asanka Sanjeewa, K. K.,Lee, W. W.,Kim, J. I.,Jeon, Y. J. Springer Science + Business Media 2017 Journal of applied phycology Vol.29 No.6

Bioactive potentials of sulfated polysaccharides isolated from brown seaweed <i>Sargassum</i> spp in related to human health applications: A review

Sanjeewa, K.K. Asanka,Kang, Nalae,Ahn, Ginnae,Jee, Youngheun,Kim, Young-Tae,Jeon, You-Jin Elsevier 2018 Food hydrocolloids Vol.81 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Genus <I>Sargassum</I> is a group of edible brown seaweeds, which are an important component of Korean, Chinese, and Japanese cuisines. In addition, <I>Sargassum</I> spp also play an important role in the tropical sea water eco-systems. Other than as a food source, recent studies have shown that <I>Sargassum</I> spp are a rich source of novel bioactive compounds. Among the isolated bioactive components, sulfated polysaccharides (SPs) have gained considerable attention due to their proven health benefits. Also, a number of publications have shown promising health effects of SP isolated from this brown seaweed. However, industrial range utilization of the SP from brown seaweeds are limited due to the lack of collective information about the SP collected from brown seaweeds. Therefore, in the present review attempts were made to discuss the bioactive properties of SPs separated from genus <I>Sargassum</I> in relation to human health improvement applications. Furthermore, anticoagulant, antioxidant, anticancer, antibacterial and antiviral activities of SPs from genus <I>Sargassum</I> were reviewed to update current information on these valuable natural components. Thus, information in this paper might be useful to fill the knowledge gap between research studies and industrial application.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Bioactive properties of sulfated polysaccharides separated from <I>Sargassum</I> spp. </LI> <LI> Fucoidan is one of the bioactive sulfated polysaccharides present in <I>Sargassum</I> spp. </LI> <LI> Future applications of fucoidan isolated from <I>Sargassum</I> spp as a functional material. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Soft corals collected from Jeju Island inhibits the α-MSH-induced melanogenesis in B16F10 cells through activation of ERK

Sanjeewa, K. K. Asanka,Park, Young-jin,Fernando, I. P. Shanura,Ann, Yong-Seok,Ko, Chang-Ik,Wang, Lei,Jeon, You-Jin,Lee, WonWoo The Korean Society of Fisheries and Aquatic Scienc 2018 Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Vol.21 No.9

In the present study, we first evaluated the melanin inhibitory effect of four crude 70% ethanol extracts separated from soft corals abundantly growing along the seawaters of Jeju Island, South Korea, including Dendronephthya castanea (DC), Dendronephthya gigantea (DG), Dendronephthya puetteri (DP), and Dendronephthya spinulosa (DS). Among the four ethanol extracts, the ethanol extract of DP (DPE) did not possess any cytotoxic effect on B16F10 cells. However, all other three extracts showed a cytotoxic effect. Also, DPE reduced the melanin content and the cellular tyrosinase activity without cytotoxicity, compared to the ${\alpha}-MSH$-stimulated B16F10 cells. Specifically, DPE downregulated the expression levels of tyrosinase and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor by activating the ERK signaling cascade in ${\alpha}-MSH$-stimulated B16F10 cells. Interestingly, the melanin inhibitory effect of DPE was abolished by the co-treatment of PD98059, an ERK inhibitor. According to these results, we suggest that DPE has whitening capacity with the melanin inhibitory effects by activating ERK signaling and could be used as a potential natural melanin inhibitor for cosmeceutical products.

Nutrients and bioactive potentials of edible green and red seaweed in Korea

Sanjeewa, K.K. Asanka,Lee, WonWoo,Jeon, You-Jin The Korean Society of Fisheries and Aquatic Scienc 2018 Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Vol.21 No.7

Background: Traditionally, East-Asians (Korea, Japan, and China) utilize seaweeds as a food source and ingredient in traditional medicine. Korea is one of the biggest seaweed producer and consumer in the global trade. Especially, side dishes made from seaweeds are very popular in the traditional Korean cuisines. Seaweeds are popular as fresh vegetable salads and soup or eaten as snacks. Main body: Seaweeds are rich in essential nutrients, minerals, and vitamins as well as a promising source of novel bioactive compounds. The compounds (polysaccharides, polyphenols, and sterols) present in the edible Korean seaweeds possess important bioactive properties such as antioxidant, anti-inflammation, anticancer, anti-diabetic, and anticoagulant properties. Thus, the long-term consumption of seaweed has a potential to reduce the risk of cancer, diabetes, obesity, and inflammation-related complications. However, seaweed consumption is limited to the small population around the globe. Thus, it is important to increase the awareness of the health benefits of seaweeds consumption among the general population. Short conclusion: In the present study, we discussed some popular green and red edible Korean seaweeds and their health-promoting properties. This study might be useful to increase the public awareness of the consumption of seaweed as a food source.

Bioactive secondary metabolites in sea cucumbers and their potential to use in the functional food industry

KK Asanka Sanjeewa,KHINM Herath 한국수산과학회 2023 Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Vol.26 No.2

The bioactive secondary metabolites produced by sea cucumbers are very diverse with differences in composition, linkages, molecular weight, and various functional properties. Due to their physicochemical properties, these bioactive molecules in sea cucumbers have found applications in various market segments such as functional foods and cosmetics. Sea cucumber side dishes are a prominent food item in traditional cuisine in East Asian countries such as South Korea, China, and Japan. In addition, many studies have reported that the consumption of sea cucumbers can reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease, the pathogenesis of cancer cells, chronic inflammatory diseases, etc. In particular, many studies have recently reported the potential of sea cucumbers to develop functional products to reduce inflammation, oxidative stress, diabetes, and cancer. Additionally, these bioactive properties associated with sea cucumbers make them ideal compounds for use as functional ingredients in functional food products. However, no report has yet reviewed the properties of sea cucumbers related to functional foods. Therefore, in this review, the primary focus is given to collecting published scientific data (from 2019 to 2023) on the bioactive properties of sea cucumbers relevant to the functional food industry.