Biological Effects of Hydrolyzed Quinoa Extract from Seeds of Chenopodium quinoa Willd.

Quele Adriana Meneguetti,Mislaine Adriana Brenzan,Marcia Regina Batista,Roberto Barbosa Bazotte,Daniel Rodrigues Silva,Diógenes Aparício Garcia Cortez 한국식품영양과학회 2011 Journal of medicinal food Vol.14 No.6

An extract from seeds of Chenopodium quinoa Willd. (quinoa), termed hydrolyzed quinoa (HQ), was obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis from seeds of the quinoa variety BRS-Piabiru. Analysis of the physical and chemical properties of quinoa and HQ showed that the hydrolyzed extract is rich in essential amino acids, particularly those with branched chains (leucine, isoleucine, and valine). In addition, we evaluated the biological effects of HQ, particularly the toxicological potential. For this purpose, male Wistar rats were assigned randomly to four groups: (1) sedentary supplemented group, which received HQ (2,000 mg/kg); (2) sedentary control group, non-supplemented; (3) exercised supplemented group (i.e., rats subjected to aerobic physical exercise that received HQ [2,000 mg/kg]); and (4) exercised control group (i.e., rats subjected to aerobic physical exercise, non-supplemented). After 30 days, all groups were analyzed for levels of serum glucose, cholesterol, triacylglycerol, total protein, albumin, uric acid, and urea and activities of the enzymes alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase. Body weight gain, dietary intake, and lipid deposition were also analyzed. The results showed no hepatic and renal toxicity of HQ. Moreover, decreased food intake, body weight, fat deposition, and blood triacylglycerol level were observed in the supplemented groups (sedentary and exercised supplemented groups). These results suggest a potential use of HQ in human nutrition.

Bioremoval of reactive dye Remazol Navy by kefir grains

Ali Osman Erdoğdular,Dilek Kılıç Apar 한국응용생명화학회 2019 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.62 No.-

Potential use of living and non-living kefir grains (small, gelatinous white/yellow irregularly shaped masses consist of live bacteria and yeasts) on removal of reactive dye Remazol Navy RGB from aqueous solutions were investigated. Experiments were carried out under different process conditions in order to optimize and model the bioremoval processes. At all conditions the living kefir grains exhibited higher dye removal efficiencies than the non-living grains. In 180 min, 96.3% and 79.4% dye removal was obtained with living and non-leaving kefir grains respectively, at pH 2, 25 °C for 100 mg/L initial dye concentration by using 2.4 g/L kefir grain. Maximum adsorption capacities by living and inactivated kefir grains were obtained at 400 mg/L initial dye concentration as 134.59 and 56.92 mg/g respectively. Consecutive batch studies show that the living kefir grains could be reused over at least 5 cycles with high dye removal efficiency without any nutrition supplement. The biosorption kinetics both for living and non-living kefir grains were best described with pseudo-first-order kinetic model. On the other hand the biosorption equilibrium for living and non-living kefir grains were better defined by Temkin and Langmuir isotherm models respectively. Results suggest that the kefir grains could be used efficiently, eco-friendly and economically for removal of dyes from aqueous solutions.

Influence of Vitamin (B1, B6, B9, B12, C) and Ions (Cu2+, Mn2+, PO4 3−) on Kefir Grain Biomass Growth

Elçin Demirhan,Büşra Gürses,Bengi Ece Yalçin,Dilek Kiliç Apar,Belma Özbek 한국식품과학회 2013 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.22 No.4

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of additions of various vitamins (B1, B6, B9, B12,and C) and minerals (CuSO4·H2O, MnSO4·H2O, and Na3PO4·12 H2O) on the propagation of kefir grains. The activated kefir grains were inoculated into very low fat (0.1%) cows’ milk under constant temperature (25oC) and impeller speed (100 rpm) for a propagation time of 24 h. After evaluation of the experimental data, the most influential mineral addition providing 39% increase of kefir grain biomass was found to be Na3PO4·12 H2O with a concentration of 0.30 g phosphate (PO43−) ion/L. At this optimal condition, a model was also derived for the kefir grain biomass concentration representing pH dependence. This study demonstrated the basis for further research in the direction of kefir grain biomass growth considering the effect of additions of vitamins and minerals to other researchers working in the same field and to dairy industry as well.

A modelling study on hydrolysis of whey lactose and stability of β-galactosidase

Belma Özbek,Elçin Demirhan,Dilek K l ç Apar 한국화학공학회 2010 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.27 No.2

In the present study, the effect of process conditions on whey lactose hydrolysis and enzyme inactivation were investigated. The experiments were carried out in 250 mL of 25 mM phosphate buffer solution by using β-galactosidase produced from Kluyveromyces marxianus lactis in a batch reactor system. The degree of lactose hydrolysis (%) and residual enzyme activity (%) against time were investigated versus lactose concentration, enzyme concentration,temperature and pH. The mathematical models were derived from the experimental data to show the effect of process conditions on lactose hydrolysis and residual enzyme activity (in the presence and absence of lactose). At the optimum process conditions obtained (50 g/L of lactose concentration, 1 mL/L of enzyme concentration, 37 oC of temperature and pH 6.5), 81% of lactose was hydrolyzed and enzyme lost its activity by 32%. The activation energy for hydrolysis reaction (EA) and the enzymatic inactivation energy (ED) were calculated as 52.7 kJ/mol and 96.7 kJ/mol. Mathematical models at various process conditions have been confirmed with the experimental results.

Sesame cake protein hydrolysis by alcalase: Effects of process parameters on hydrolysis, solubilisation, and enzyme inactivation

Elçin Demirhan,Belma Özbek,Dilek K l ç Apar 한국화학공학회 2011 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.28 No.1

We investigated the effects of process parameters (substrate concentration, enzyme concentration, temperature and pH) on the hydrolysis and solubilization of sesame cake protein as well as enzyme stability. The sesame cake protein was hydrolyzed by Alcalase enzyme (a bacterial protease produced by a selected strain of Bacillus Licheniformis)that was chosen among five commercial enzymes examined. The optimum process conditions for hydrolysis and solubilization were obtained as 15 g L^(−1) substrate concentration, 3 ml L^(−1) enzyme concentration, 50 ℃ and pH 8.5. Under these conditions, the values of degree of hydrolysis and solubilization were found as 26.3% and 82.1%, respectively,and enzyme lost its activity by approx. 56% at the end of 120 min processing time. Modeling studies were performed to determine the kinetics of hydrolysis, solubilization and enzyme inactivation. The relationship between hydrolysis and solubilization was found linear for all experimental conditions examined. The inactivation energy of Alcalase at the temperature range of 45-55 ℃ was determined to be 25544 J mol^(−1).

Vaccine hesitancy in patients with COVID-19 who have back pain

Askeri Türken,Haşim Çapar 질병관리본부 2023 Osong Public Health and Research Persptectives Vol.14 No.2

Objectives: Musculoskeletal pain is among the most common symptoms in patients diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and it has placed a significant burden on health worldwide during the pandemic. This study explored vaccine hesitancy and associated factors in patients with positive COVID-19 polymerase chain reaction test results who were hospitalized and had back pain.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 170 hospitalized COVID-19 patients over 18 years of age. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics with IBM SPSS ver. 25.0.Results: COVID-19 patients who were married considered COVID-19 vaccinations riskier than unmarried COVID-19 patients. Patients who had not been vaccinated expressed higher levels of distrust towards COVID-19 vaccines than patients who had been vaccinated. Participants had relatively little hesitation toward the Sinovac vaccine. High vaccine confidence was found in all participants regardless of vaccination status. Those who had not received the COVID-19 vaccine reported higher risk perceptions than those who had received at least 1 dose of any COVID-19 vaccine.Conclusion: Measurements of the hesitancy of vaccinated and non-vaccinated patients or members of society towards vaccines can be an important parameter for health authorities to find solutions.