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COMPARISON OF THE FIRE SUPPRESSION PERFORMANCE OF HALON REPLACEMENT AGENTS
Kim,Andrew K,Joseph Z,Su 한국화재소방학회 1997 한국화재소방학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.1997 No.-
HFC-227ea and HCFC Blend A were evaluated using full-scale fire tests to obtain information on their fire suppression performance, drop-in capability, thermal decomposition products and physical behaviour of the agent such as its flow characteristics in the piping system. Also, full-scale tests were conducted with Halon 1301 to provide a basis for comparison. Halon 1301, at concentrations of 5% to 7.5%, showed effective total-flooding fire- extinguishing performance for all test scenarios. HFC-227ea, at a design concentration of 7.6% or higher, and HCFC Blend A, at a design concentration of 12%, extinguished all fires in the test facility, however, these agents produced higher concentrations of acid gases than Halon 1301. The quantity of the acid gases generated during fire suppression was dependent on agent concentration, agent discharge time, fire type and size as well as extinguishment time.
Specific anti-tumor activities in venom peptides of lesser paper wasp Parapolybia varia
Kyungjae Andrew Yoon,Kyungmun Kim,A-Young Kim,Young Han Park,Woo Young Bang,Chang Mu Kim,Young Ho Koh,Si Hyeock Lee 한국응용곤충학회 2016 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2016 No.04
The lesser paper wasp, Parapolybia varia, belongs to large subfamily Polistinae and is distributed in Middle East, the Indo-Papuan region and East Asia. P. varia is known to become aggressive when disturbed for defending their colonies, resulting in fatal envenomation. Vespid chemotactic peptide (VCP) and vespakinin have recently been determined to be the top two genes most abundantly transcribed in venom glands of P. varia. To investigate the pharmacological and toxicological properties of VCP and vespakinin, their antitumor, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic activities were evaluated. VCP exhibited a significantly high antitumor activity against ovarian tumor cell SK-OV-3 at 100 M. VCP also showed higher hemolytic activity than vespakinin. Antimicrobial activity was only observed with VCP against yeast Candida albicans at 1 mM. Since VCP showed a relatively low hemolytic activity but a considerable level of antitumor activity, it has further merits to be exploited as a potential antitumor agent with reduced side effects on normal cells.
Kim, Hee Un,Kim, Ji-Hoon,Kang, Hyunbum,Grimsdale, Andrew C.,Kim, Bumjoon J.,Yoon, Sung Cheol,Hwang, Do-Hoon American Chemical Society 2014 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.6 No.23
<P>A series of aryl-substituted fullerene derivatives were prepared in which the aromatic moiety of [6,6]-phenyl C<SUB>61</SUB>-butyric acid methyl ester (PC<SUB>61</SUB>BM) was modified by replacing the monocyclic phenyl ring with bicyclic naphthalene (NC<SUB>61</SUB>BM), tricyclic anthracene (AC<SUB>61</SUB>BM), and tetracyclic pyrene (PyC<SUB>61</SUB>BM). The PC<SUB>61</SUB>BM derivatives were synthesized from C<SUB>60</SUB> using tosylhydrazone and were tested as electron acceptors in poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT)-based organic photovoltaic cells (OPVs). The lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy level of NC<SUB>61</SUB>BM (−3.68 eV) was found to be slightly higher than those of PC<SUB>61</SUB>BM (−3.70 eV), AC<SUB>61</SUB>BM (−3.75 eV), and PyC<SUB>61</SUB>BM (−3.72 eV). The electron mobility values obtained for the P3HT:PC<SUB>61</SUB>BM, P3HT:NC<SUB>61</SUB>BM, P3HT:AC<SUB>61</SUB>BM, and P3HT:PyC<SUB>61</SUB>BM blend films were 2.39 × 10<SUP>–4</SUP>, 2.27 × 10<SUP>–4</SUP>, 1.75 × 10<SUP>–4</SUP>, and 2.13 × 10<SUP>–4</SUP> cm<SUP>2</SUP> V<SUP>–1</SUP> s<SUP>–1</SUP>, respectively. P3HT-based bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells were fabricated using NC<SUB>61</SUB>BM, AC<SUB>61</SUB>BM, and PyC<SUB>61</SUB>BM as electron acceptors, and their performances were compared with that of the device fabricated using PC<SUB>61</SUB>BM. The highest power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) observed for devices fabricated with PC<SUB>61</SUB>BM, NC<SUB>61</SUB>BM, AC<SUB>61</SUB>BM, and PyC<SUB>61</SUB>BM were 3.80, 4.09, 1.14, and 1.95%, respectively, suggesting NC<SUB>61</SUB>BM as a promising electron acceptor for OPVs.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/aamick/2014/aamick.2014.6.issue-23/am504939c/production/images/medium/am-2014-04939c_0010.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/am504939c'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
Impact of Siberian observations on the optimization of surface CO2 flux
Kim, Jinwoong,Kim, Hyun Mee,Cho, Chun-Ho,Boo, Kyung-On,Jacobson, Andrew R.,Sasakawa, Motoki,Machida, Toshinobu,Arshinov, Mikhail,Fedoseev, Nikolay Copernicus GmbH 2017 Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Vol.17 No.4
<P>Abstract. To investigate the effect of additional CO2 observations in the Siberia region on the Asian and global surface CO2 flux analyses, two experiments using different observation data sets were performed for 2000-2009. One experiment was conducted using a data set that includes additional observations of Siberian tower measurements (Japan-Russia Siberian Tall Tower Inland Observation Network: JR-STATION), and the other experiment was conducted using a data set without the above additional observations. The results show that the global balance of the sources and sinks of surface CO2 fluxes was maintained for both experiments with and without the additional observations. While the magnitude of the optimized surface CO2 flux uptake and flux uncertainty in Siberia decreased from −1.17 ± 0.93 to −0.77 ± 0.70 Pg C yr−1, the magnitude of the optimized surface CO2 flux uptake in the other regions (e.g., Europe) of the Northern Hemisphere (NH) land increased for the experiment with the additional observations, which affect the longitudinal distribution of the total NH sinks. This change was mostly caused by changes in the magnitudes of surface CO2 flux in June and July. The observation impact measured by uncertainty reduction and self-sensitivity tests shows that additional observations provide useful information on the estimated surface CO2 flux. The average uncertainty reduction of the conifer forest of Eurasian boreal (EB) is 29.1 % and the average self-sensitivities at the JR-STATION sites are approximately 60 % larger than those at the towers in North America. It is expected that the Siberian observations play an important role in estimating surface CO2 flux in the NH land (e.g., Siberia and Europe) in the future. </P>
Kim, Cha Young,Ahn, Young Ock,Kim, Sun Ha,Kim, Yun-Hee,Lee, Haeng-Soon,Catanach, Andrew S.,Jacobs, Jeanne M. E.,Conner, Anthony J.,Kwak, Sang-Soo Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2010 Physiologia plantarum Vol.139 No.3
<P>MYB transcription factors play important roles in transcriptional regulation of many secondary metabolites including anthocyanins. We cloned the R2R3-MYB type <I>IbMYB1</I> complementary DNAs from the purple-fleshed sweet potato (<I>Ipomoea batatas</I> L. cv Sinzami) and investigated the expression patterns of <I>IbMYB1</I> gene with <I>IbMYB1a</I> and <I>IbMYB1b</I> splice variants in leaf and root tissues of various sweet potato cultivars by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The transcripts of <I>IbMYB1</I> were predominantly expressed in the purple-fleshed storage roots and they were also detectable in the leaf tissues accumulating anthocyanin pigments. In addition, transcript levels of <I>IbMYB1</I> gene were up-regulated by treatment with methyl jasmonate or salicylic acid in leaf and root tissues of cv. White Star. To set up the intragenic vector system in sweet potato, we first evaluated the utilization of the <I>IbMYB1</I> gene as a visible selectable marker. The <I>IbMYB1a</I> was transiently expressed in tobacco leaves under the control of a constitutive cauliflower mosaic virus <I>35S</I> promoter, a root-specific and sucrose-inducible sporamin promoter, and an oxidative stress-inducible sweet potato anionic peroxidase2 promoter. We also showed that overexpression of <I>IbMYB1a</I> induced massive anthocyanin pigmentation in tobacco leaves and up-regulated the transcript levels of the structural genes in anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway. Furthermore, high-performance liquid chromatography analysis revealed that the expression of <I>IbMYB1a</I> led to production of cyanidin as a major core molecule of anthocyanidins in tobacco leaves. These results suggest that the <I>IbMYB1</I> gene can be applicable to a visible marker for sweet potato transformation with intragenic vectors, as well as the production of anthocyanin as important nutritive value in other plant species.</P>
Kim, S.,Hoffman, Gregory R.,Poulogiannis, G.,Buel, Gwen R.,Jang, Y.,Lee, K.,Kim, B.Y.,Erikson, Raymond L.,Cantley, Lewis C.,Choo, Andrew Y.,Blenis, J. Cell Press 2013 Molecular cell Vol.49 No.1
The metabolism of glucose and glutamine, primary carbon sources utilized by mitochondria to generate energy and macromolecules for cell growth, is directly regulated by mTORC1. We show that glucose and glutamine, by supplying carbons to the TCA cycle to produce ATP, positively feed back to mTORC1 through an AMPK-, TSC½-, and Rag-independent mechanism by regulating mTORC1 assembly and its lysosomal localization. We discovered that the ATP-dependent TTT-RUVBL½ complex was disassembled and repressed by energy depletion, resulting in its decreased interaction with mTOR. The TTT-RUVBL complex was necessary for the interaction between mTORC1 and Rag and formation of mTORC1 obligate dimers. In cancer tissues, TTT-RUVBL complex mRNAs were elevated and positively correlated with transcripts encoding proteins of anabolic metabolism and mitochondrial function-all mTORC1-regulated processes. Thus, the TTT-RUVBL½ complex responds to the cell's metabolic state, directly regulating the functional assembly of mTORC1 and indirectly controlling the nutrient signal from Rags to mTORC1.
Kim, Young H.,Choi, Beom K.,Kang, Woo J.,Kim, Kwang H.,Kang, Sang W.,Mellor, Andrew L.,Munn, David H.,Kwon, Byoung S. Wiley (John WileySons) 2009 Journal of leukocyte biology Vol.85 No.5
<P>It has been reported that 4-1BB triggering in vivo selectively suppressed the recall response of staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA)-specific CD4(+) T cells, in which CD8(+) T-derived TGF-beta was involved. Here, we have examined an alternative mechanism for the 4-1BB-mediated CD4(+) T suppression, as the neutralization of TGF-beta is only effective in rescuing the SEA-specific recall response at high cellular concentrations. We show that this selective suppression of CD4(+) T cells by 4-1BB triggering in vivo is mediated mainly by induction of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) in an IFN-gamma-dependent manner. SEA-specific CD4(+) T responses were suppressed partly by TGF-beta-expressing CD8(+) T cells, particularly CD11c(+)CD8(+) T cells, but strongly inhibited by dendritic cells (DCs) expressing IDO. IFN-gamma that increased IDO in DCs was produced primarily from CD11c(+)CD8(+) T cells, which were expanded selectively by 4-1BB stimulation. CD4(+), CD8(+), and plasmacytoid DCs exerted a similar suppressive activity toward the SEA-specific CD4(+) T cells. Neutralization of IFN-gamma or IDO activity in vivo largely reversed the 4-1BB-mediated CD4(+) T suppression. Collectively, these data indicate that 4-1BB-dependent suppression of SEA-specific CD4(+) T responses was mediated mainly by IFN-gamma-dependent IDO induction and partially by TGF-beta.</P>