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Plant Lipoxygenases and Their Role in Plant Physiology
Kotapati Kasi Viswanath,Ampasala Dinakara Rao 한국식물학회 2020 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.63 No.2
everal enzymes play a key role in plant growth and development. Among these, lipoxygenases family of enzymes are important. Lipoxygenases are a ubiquitous family of non-heme iron enzymes widely distributed in plants, initiate hydroperoxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids containing cis, cis-1,4-pentadiene moieties, and produce phytooxylipins. Oxylipins including green leaf volatiles and hormone jasmonic acid play a signifcant role in physiological processes, seed germination, fruit ripening, and senescence. Detailed studies have shown that LOX and its products accumulate transiently upon developmental or environmental stimuli. LOXs play a key role in defense responses against biotic and abiotic environmental stresses such as fungi, bacteria, virus, nematodes, birds, insects, and rodents. As a result, these enzymes are the natural topics of study when scientists investigate plant response to stresses. In this review, we have concisely focused on the analysis of new information concerning plant LOXs and their role on the physiology of plants.
Inhibition of Microbial Quorum Sensing Mediated Virulence Factors by Pestalotiopsis sydowiana
Paramanantham Parasuraman,B Devadatha,V. Venkateswara Sarma,Sampathkumar Ranganathan,Dinakara Rao Ampasala,Dhanasekhar Reddy,Ranjith Kumavath,김인원,Sanjay K. S. Patel,Vipin Chandra Kalia,이정걸,Busi Siddha 한국미생물·생명공학회 2020 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.30 No.4
Quorum sensing (QS)-mediated infections cause severe diseases in human beings. The control of infectious diseases by inhibiting QS using antipathogenic drugs is a promising approach as antibiotics are proving inefficient in treating these diseases. Marine fungal (Pestalotiopsis sydowiana PPR) extract was found to possess effective antipathogenic characteristics. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the fungal extract against test pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 was 1,000 μg/ml. Sub-MIC concentrations (250 and 500 μg/ml) of fungal extract reduced QSregulated virulence phenotypes such as the production of pyocyanin, chitinase, protease, elastase, and staphylolytic activity in P. aeruginosa PAO1 by 84.15%, 73.15%, 67.37%, 62.37%, and 33.65%, respectively. Moreover, it also reduced the production of exopolysaccharides (74.99%), rhamnolipids (68.01%), and alginate (54.98%), and inhibited the biofilm formation of the bacteria by 90.54%. In silico analysis revealed that the metabolite of P. sydowiana PPR binds to the bacterial QS receptor proteins (LasR and RhlR) similar to their respective natural signaling molecules. Cyclo(- Leu-Pro) (CLP) and 4-Hydroxyphenylacetamide (4-HPA) were identified as potent bioactive compounds among the metabolites of P. sydowiana PPR using in silico approaches. The MIC values of CLP and 4-HPA against P. aeruginosa PAO1 were determined as 250 and 125 μg/ml, respectively. All the antivirulence assays were conducted at sub-MIC concentrations of CLP (125 μg/ml) and 4-HPA (62.5 μg/ml), which resulted in marked reduction in all the investigated virulence factors. This was further supported by gene expression studies. The findings suggest that the metabolites of P. sydowiana PPR can be employed as promising QS inhibitors that target pathogenic bacteria.