Heat sensitivity on physiological and biochemical traits in chickpea (Cicer arietinum)

Jain, Amit Kumar Techno-Press 2014 Advances in environmental research Vol.3 No.4

Four chickpea cultivars viz. kabuli (Pusa 1088 and Pusa 1053) and desi (Pusa 1103 and Pusa 547) differing in sensitivity to high temperature conditions were analyzed in earthern pot (30 cm) at different stages of growth and development in the year of 2010 and 2011. Pusa-1053 (kabuli type) showed maximum photosynthetic rate and least by Pusa-547 (desi type), whereas maximum cell membrane thermostability were recorded in Pusa-1103 and minimum in Pusa-1088. Among the treatments, the plants grown under elevated temperature conditions had produced 13.01% more significant data in comparison to plants grown under continuous natural conditions. Stomatal conductance were reduced 44.25% under elevated temperature conditions than natural conditions, whereas 35.56%, when plants grown under initially natural conditions upto 30DAS, then 30-60DAS elevated temperature and finally shifted to natural conditions till harvest. In case of Pusa-1103, stomatal conductance was maximum as compared to rest of 2.7% from Pusa-1053, 8.9% from Pusa-1088, and 10.3% in Pusa-547 throughout the study. Plants grown under continuous elevated temperature conditions had produced 15.30% and 15.32% more significant membrane thermostability index in comparison to continuous natural conditions at vegetative stage and 19.40% and 18.44% at flowering stage, while the better response was recorded at pod formation stage. Pusa-1053 had given 2.8% more membrane thermostability index than Pusa-1088 and Pusa-1103 had given 1.6% more membrane thermostability index than Pusa-547 in the present study. The membrane disruption caused by high temperature may alter water ion and inorganic solutes movement, photosynthesis and respiration. Thus, thermostability of the cell membrane depends on the degree of the electrolyte leakage.

Kriging Analysis for Spatio-temporal Variations of Ground Level Ozone Concentration

Amit Kumar Gorai,Kumar Gourav Jain,Neha Shaw,Francis Tuluri,Paul B. Tchounwou 한국대기환경학회 2015 Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment (AJAE) Vol.9 No.4

Exposure of high concentration of ground-level ozone (GLO) can trigger a variety of health problems including chest pain, coughing, throat irritation, asthma, bronchitis and congestion. There are substantial human and animal toxicological data that support health effects associated with exposure to ozone and associations have been observed with a wide range of outcomes in epidemiological studies. The aim of the present study is to estimate the spatial distributions of GLO using geostatistical method (ordinary kriging) for assessing the exposure level of ozone in the eastern part of Texas, U.S.A. GLO data were obtained from 63 U.S. EPA’s monitoring stations distributed in the region of study during the period January, 2012 to December, 2012. The descriptive statistics indicate that the spatial monthly mean of daily maximum 8 hour ozone concentrations ranged from 30.33 ppb (in January) to 48.05 (in June). The monthly mean of daily maximum 8 hour ozone concentrations was relatively low during the winter months (December, January, and February) and the higher values observed during the summer months (April, May, and June). The higher level of spatial variations observed in the months of July (Standard Deviation: 10.33) and August (Standard Deviation: 10.02). This indicates the existence of regional variations in climatic conditions in the study area. The range of the semivariogram models varied from 0.372 (in November) to 15.59 (in April). The value of the range represents the spatial patterns of ozone concentrations. Kriging maps revealed that the spatial patterns of ozone concentration were not uniform in each month. This may be due to uneven fluctuation in the local climatic conditions from one region to another. Thus, the formation and dispersion processes of ozone also change unevenly from one region to another. The ozone maps clearly indicate that the concentration values found maximum in the north-east region of the study area in most of the months. Part of the coastal area also showed maximum concentrations during the months of October, November, December, and January.

Development and evaluation of film coated aceclofenac and chlorzoxazone tablet with enhanced dissolution rate

Shaila Jain,Aakankchha Jain,Ashay Jain,Sandeep Shrivastava,Amit Kumar Jain 한국약제학회 2016 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.46 No.5

Out of many complications two major problems facing in formulation industry are poor solubility and short half-life of drugs which results into poor bioavailability after oral administration. Solid dosage forms are coated for a number of reasons, the most important of which is controlling the release profiles and bioavailability of the active ingredient. Thus the development of a significant dissolution procedure for drug products with limited water solubility has been a challenge to the pharmaceutical industry. Aceclofenac (Biopharmaceutical classification Class II drug) is a novel non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) having anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties, and is widely used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and ankylosing spondylitis. The investigation revealed that there is no official dissolution medium available in the literature. The objective of present study is to formulate film coated tablet of Aceclofenac and Chlorzoxazone having short half-life by coating with hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose (E5 LV). Then the formulated tablets were evaluated for its physicochemical properties and in vitro release studies. The incorporation of drugs into polymer matrices is considered a valid tool in order to optimize insufficient features of the drug molecule, like solubility, stability or toxic effects. In the present work, the incorporation of aceclofenac was performed in inert HPMC and there was no chemical interaction between the drug and polymers as concluded from the FTIR studies. In the present study, parameters such as solubility, medium pH, surfactant type, dissolution behavior of formulations, stability, and discriminatory effect of dissolution testing in different dissolution mediums were studied for the selection of a proper dissolution medium. The drug showed an enhanced release rate in the dissolution media containing pH 6.8 phosphate buffer, 900 ml with 0.5 % sodium lauryl sulphate at 75 rpm for 60 min and thus was chosen as the discriminating dissolution method for film coated aceclofenac formulation. It was found that greater than 80 % of the label amount is released over 60 min.

Predictors of discogenic pain in magnetic resonance imaging: a retrospective study of provocative discography performed by posterolateral approach

( Anuj Jain ),( Suruchi Jain ),( Swapnil Kumar Barasker ),( Amit Agrawal ) 대한통증학회 2021 The Korean Journal of Pain Vol.34 No.4

Background: Provocative discography (PD) is a test that is useful in diagnosing discogenic pain (DP). In this study, to diagnose DP, we used a posterolateral approach of needle placement and followed pressure criteria laid down by the Spine Intervention Society. The aim was to identify the correlation between magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings (desiccation, high intensity zone and change in shape and size of the disc) and the results of PD. Methods: Records of 50 patients who underwent PD for DP were analyzed. A total of 109 PDs were performed, with 54 suspect and 55 control discs. Alternate pain generators were ruled out. Results: A total of 35 suspect discs were positive on PD. The mean disc pressure in the suspect disc was 31.9 ± 7.9 psi (range, 15-44). Of the 50 patients who underwent PD, 35 had positive MRI findings. A significant positive correlation was found only between disc desiccation and discography result (r = 0.6, P < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis revealed that only desiccation successfully predicted the result of discography (OR = 26.5, P < 0.001); a high intensity zone and a disc protrusion/ extrusion had an OR 2.3 and 1.24, respectively. Disc desiccation of Pfirmann grade 3 or more had a sensitivity and specificity of 0.93 and 0.64 respectively in identifying painful discs; the positive likelihood ratio was 2.58 while the negative likelihood ratio was 0.11. Conclusions: In patients with DP, disc desiccation is the most useful MRI feature that predicts a painful disc on PD.

Performance Evaluation and Analysis of Hybrid Bilayer Dielectrics Based OTFTs for Temperature Sensing Application

Sushil Kumar Jain,Amit Mahesh Joshi 한국전기전자재료학회 2024 Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Material Vol.25 No.1

In this work, a comprehensive performance evaluation of a temperature sensor utilizing an organic thin-fi lm transistor (OTFT) with hybrid bilayer dielectric layer polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/high K inorganic dielectrics is presented. The temperature sensor elucidates the temperature-dependent characteristics of organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) employing various bilayer dielectrics. It specifically describes the alterations in the drain current of these transistors with temperature. This inherent property of OTFTs makes them highly suitable for accurate and reliable temperature-sensing applications. Electrical parameters of the OTFT devices are determined at diff erent temperatures (300 K and 350 K) which include subthreshold swing ( SS ), off current ( Ioff ), current on-off ratio ( Ion / Ioff ), and on-current ( Ion ). OTFT characteristics vary at two different temperatures, highlighting their potential use as temperature sensors. The temperature sensor shows its highest sensitivity, reaching 149.10% for PVA/(S rZrO3 ) bilayer dielectric at V DS = -10V .

NSF-Sponsored Faculty Workshops on Teaching of Power Electronics and Electric Drives

Ned Mohan,Amit Kumar Jain 전력전자학회 2002 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.2 No.4

This paper describes the restructuring of power electronics and electric drives courses, sponsored by NSF, EPRI, NASA and the local utilities, which has significantly increased student enthusiasm, and the undergraduate enrollment in these courses at the University of Minnesota has tripled since 1997 The developed teaching approaches have been the subject of NSF-sponsored faculty workshops in 1994, 1997, 1998,2002, and 2003 <br/> In power electronics, the power-pole based building-block approach unifies analysis and control aspects of all converters. PSpice-based simulations aid in analysis and design, supported by a hardware laboratory. For electric drives, an integrative approach addressing all three aspects of electric drives - machines, power converters and control is being used Space vectors, introduced on a physical basis rather than purely mathematical abstractions, are used for analysis of ac machines This leads to a more physical understanding of machine operation and also makes it easier to address control aspects in the advanced course. The lecture materials are supported by a DSP-based laboratory.