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RISS 인기검색어
- 검색키워드
- 저자 : Amarasinghe, Gaya K. (검색결과 7 건)
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Burden of dengue infection and disease in a pediatric cohort in urban Sri Lanka.
Tissera, Hasitha,Amarasinghe, Ananda,De Silva, Aruna Dharshan,Kariyawasam, Pradeep,Corbett, Kizzmekia S,Katzelnick, Leah,Tam, Clarence,Letson, G William,Margolis, Harold S,de Silva, Aravinda M Allen Press, etc.] 2014 The American journal of tropical medicine and hygi Vol.91 No.1
<P>Dengue is the most significant arthropod-borne viral infection of humans. Persons infected with dengue viruses (DENV) have subclinical or clinically apparent infections ranging from undifferentiated fever to dengue hemorrhagic fever/shock syndrome. Although recent studies estimated that the Indian subcontinent has the greatest burden of DENV infection and disease worldwide, we do not have reliable, population-based estimates of the incidence of infection and disease in this region. The goal of this study was to follow-up a cohort of 800 children living in a heavily urbanized area of Colombo, Sri Lanka to obtain accurate estimates of the incidence of DENV infection and disease. Annual blood samples were obtained from all children to estimate dengue seroprevalence at enrollment and to identify children exposed to new DENV infections during the study year. Blood was also obtained from any child in whom fever developed over the course of the study year to identify clinically apparent DENV infections. At enrollment, dengue seroprevalence was 53.07%, which indicated high transmission in this population. Over the study year, the incidence of DENV infection and disease were 8.39 (95% confidence interval = 6.56-10.53) and 3.38 (95% confidence interval = 2.24-4.88), respectively, per 100 children per year. The ratio of clinically inapparent to apparent infections was 1.48. These results will be useful for obtaining more accurate estimates of the burden of dengue in the region and for making decisions about testing and introduction of vaccines.</P>
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Nusra Mohammed Siddeek Fathima,Udukala Dinusha Nishani,Amarasinghe Lalithanjalie Deepika,Paranagama Priyani Ashoka 한국응용곤충학회 2021 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.24 No.3
Brinjal Fruit and Shoot Borer- Leucinodes orbonalis Guenee is a major insect pest on brinjal- Solanum melongena worldwide. An effective strategy used in developing pest controlling agents is the synergism between insect pheromones and host plant volatiles, which can increase the attraction of insect pest. The present study was aimed at investigating the chemical constituents and attractant effects of the volatiles extracted from different parts of the host plant brinjal on the behavior of adult L. orbonalis. Bioassay using Y-shaped olfactometer revealed that the one-day old virgin female, gravid female and male insects respond positively to the host plant volatiles extracted from fruits, leaves and shoots but not to that of flowers. It was shown that the gravid females were significantly attracted to all three volatiles (p < 0.05). Bioassay using X-shaped olfactometer identified that all three types of insects highly preferred the volatiles from fruits (p < 0.05). Gas chromatography-mass spec trometry analysis of volatiles indicated that brinjal plant produces volatile secondary metabolites, which include 2,2 ′ -(Ethane-1,2-diylbis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) dibenzoate (12.11%), 3,7-dimethylocta-1,6-dien-3-ol (22.38%), Benzyl alcohol (22.9%) and Benzyl alcohol (27.06%) as major constituents from fruits, shoots, leaves and flowers respectively. Responses of insects to the volatiles from host plant in the absence of visual cues direct us to focus on the importance of host plant volatiles to locate the plant. Results of this study emphasize the major role that host plant volatiles play in the attraction of insect pests towards the plant.
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Multiscale Modeling of Swelling Clays: A Computational and Experimental Approach
Dinesh R. Katti,Mohamed I. Matar,Kalpana S. Katti,Priyanthi M. Amarasinghe 대한토목학회 2009 KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering Vol.13 No.4
Expansive clays such as montmorillonite cause severe distress to infrastructure due to swelling. The swelling of montmorillonite clay is also the basis for its use in many commercial applications such as drilling muds in petroleum engineering, as landfill liners in environmental engineering and in making polymer clay nanocomposites. The focus of this work is to carry out a systematic experimental and numerical study to understand and model behavior of Na-montmorillonite at molecular and particulate level to find mechanism of swelling in the Na-montmorillonite interlayer. Experimental results show breakdown of particles with an increase in swelling of the clay. This phenomenon was numerically studied by developing a modified Discrete Element Method (DEM) model that incorporates the latest developments in both clay and computer science, and can simulate particle subdivision. DEM results show the role of particle subdivision on swelling and swelling pressure. In understanding the true mechanism of swelling, it is essential to incorporate the interactions between clay molecular structure and the interlayer water molecules. For bridging the length scales, we have also evaluated the stress deformation response of the clay molecular structure using Molecular Dynamic (MD) simulations. Simulation results show that the deformation in the clay molecular structure due to external stress is mostly due to deformation of the water molecules in the clay interlayer. A new experimental technique which enables us to capture the molecular changes in the clay molecular structure upon hydration is also developed. This work provides a foundation for multiscale modeling of swelling clays. Expansive clays such as montmorillonite cause severe distress to infrastructure due to swelling. The swelling of montmorillonite clay is also the basis for its use in many commercial applications such as drilling muds in petroleum engineering, as landfill liners in environmental engineering and in making polymer clay nanocomposites. The focus of this work is to carry out a systematic experimental and numerical study to understand and model behavior of Na-montmorillonite at molecular and particulate level to find mechanism of swelling in the Na-montmorillonite interlayer. Experimental results show breakdown of particles with an increase in swelling of the clay. This phenomenon was numerically studied by developing a modified Discrete Element Method (DEM) model that incorporates the latest developments in both clay and computer science, and can simulate particle subdivision. DEM results show the role of particle subdivision on swelling and swelling pressure. In understanding the true mechanism of swelling, it is essential to incorporate the interactions between clay molecular structure and the interlayer water molecules. For bridging the length scales, we have also evaluated the stress deformation response of the clay molecular structure using Molecular Dynamic (MD) simulations. Simulation results show that the deformation in the clay molecular structure due to external stress is mostly due to deformation of the water molecules in the clay interlayer. A new experimental technique which enables us to capture the molecular changes in the clay molecular structure upon hydration is also developed. This work provides a foundation for multiscale modeling of swelling clays.
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Design of a Track-Leg Hybrid Locomotive Mobile Robot
K. N. M. Perera,D. L. F. M. Liyanage,P. V. K. Asanka,D. N. Rajapaksha,Y. W. R. Amarasinghe,R. A. R. C. Gopura,S. A. Nanayakkara 제어로봇시스템학회 2020 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2020 No.10
The use of robotic platforms for operations in harsh and high risk environments such as mining sites has become more popular with the advancements within the field of mobile robotics. In this paper, the designing of a hybrid locomotive mobile platform that utilizes both tracked locomotion and legged-like movements to achieve mobility is presented. The proposed track-leg mechanism and power transmission methodology are discussed in detail along with the overall design framework. The functionality validation and analysis of the legged locomotion was done in a simulation environment using MSC ADAMS with open-loop track-leg velocity control. The designed mobile robot demonstrated the ability to traverse a flat terrain and overcome a semi-cylindrical obstacle without tipping over in the simulations for the selected gait. The mobile robot also consists of 3 degrees of freedom (DOF) robotic arm which facilitates total human replacement by enabling the ability to perform any sample collecting, inspecting, pick and place tasks. The design of the robotic arm is also presented within this paper.
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