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        Cancerous Inhibitor of Protein Phosphatase 2A as a Molecular Marker for Aggressiveness and Survival in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

        Rajab Alzahrani,Amani A. Alrehaili,Amal F. Gharib,Farah Anjum,Khadiga A. Ismail,Wael H. Elsawy 대한암예방학회 2020 Journal of cancer prevention Vol.25 No.1

        Cancerous inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (CIP2A) has been identified as one of the most commonly altered proteins in human cancers. It blocks the tumor-suppressive action of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) complex and enhances malignancy. Thirty-five patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity underwent surgical resection of the tumor. CIP2A was assessed by quantitative real-time PCR in the resected tumor tissues and in their adjacent normal tissues. CIP2A was found to be overexpressed in all oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) specimens in comparison to their surrounding normal tissue. CIP2A overexpression was statistically correlated with poor prognostic feature of the tumor. Thus, a high expression level of CIP2A was associated with shorter survival. In conclusion, CIP2A is upregulated in OSCC, and its overexpression is correlated with aggressiveness of the tumor and poor outcome and survival. It may serve as a prognostic marker of OSCC. Key Words Cancerous inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A, Oral squamous cell carcinoma

      • A Survey on 5G Enabled Multi-Access Edge Computing for Smart Cities: Issues and Future Prospects

        Tufail, Ali,Namoun, Abdallah,Alrehaili, Ahmed,Ali, Arshad International Journal of Computer ScienceNetwork S 2021 International journal of computer science and netw Vol.21 No.6

        The deployment of 5G is in full swing, with a significant yearly growth in the data traffic expected to reach 26% by the year and data consumption to reach 122 EB per month by 2022 [10]. In parallel, the idea of smart cities has been implemented by various governments and private organizations. One of the main objectives of 5G deployment is to help develop and realize smart cities. 5G can support the enhanced data delivery requirements and the mass connection requirements of a smart city environment. However, for specific high-demanding applications like tactile Internet, transportation, and augmented reality, the cloud-based 5G infrastructure cannot deliver the required quality of services. We suggest using multi-access edge computing (MEC) technology for smart cities' environments to provide the necessary support. In cloud computing, the dependency on a central server for computation and storage adds extra cost in terms of higher latency. We present a few scenarios to demonstrate how the MEC, with its distributed architecture and closer proximity to the end nodes can significantly improve the quality of services by reducing the latency. This paper has surveyed the existing work in MEC for 5G and highlights various challenges and opportunities. Moreover, we propose a unique framework based on the use of MEC for 5G in a smart city environment. This framework works at multiple levels, where each level has its own defined functionalities. The proposed framework uses the MEC and introduces edge-sub levels to keep the computing infrastructure much closer to the end nodes.

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