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Gut Microbiota and Nutrition: Strategies for the Prevention and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes
Maria Sastre,Alessandra Cimbalo,Jordi Man˜es,Lara Manyes 한국식품영양과학회 2024 Journal of medicinal food Vol.27 No.2
The prevalence of diabetes has increased in last decades worldwide and is expected to continue to do so in thecoming years, reaching alarming figures. Evidence have shown that patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) have intestinalmicrobial dysbiosis. Moreover, several mechanisms link the microbiota with the appearance of insulin resistance and diabetes. Diet is a crucial factor related to changes in the composition, diversity, and activity of gut microbiota (GM). In this review, thecurrent and future possibilities of nutrient–GM interactions as a strategy to alleviate T2D are discussed, as well as themechanisms related to decreased low-grade inflammation and insulin resistance. A bibliographic search of clinical trials inPubmed, Web of Science, and Scopus was carried out, using the terms ‘‘gut microbiota, diet and diabetes.’’ The data analyzedin this review support the idea that dietary interventions targeting changes in the microbiota, including the use of prebioticsand probiotics, can improve glycemic parameters. However, these strategies should be individualized taking into accountother internal and external factors. Advances in the understanding of the role of the microbiota in the development ofmetabolic diseases such as T2D, and its translation into a therapeutic approach for the management of diabetes, are necessaryto allow a comprehensive approach.
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