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- 저자 : Albert, J. (검색결과 702 건)
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Biomarker-Guided Risk Assessment for Acute Kidney Injury: Time for Clinical Implementation?
Albert Christian,Haase Michael,Albert Annemarie,Zapf Antonia,Braun-Dullaeus Rüdiger Christian,Haase-Fielitz Anja 대한진단검사의학회 2021 Annals of Laboratory Medicine Vol.41 No.1
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common and serious complication in hospitalized patients, which continues to pose a clinical challenge for treating physicians. The most recent Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes practice guidelines for AKI have restated the importance of earliest possible detection of AKI and adjusting treatment accordingly. Since the emergence of initial studies examining the use of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and cycle arrest biomarkers, tissue inhibitor metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2) and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein (IGFBP7), for early diagnosis of AKI, a vast number of studies have investigated the accuracy and additional clinical benefits of these biomarkers. As proposed by the Acute Dialysis Quality Initiative, new AKI diagnostic criteria should equally utilize glomerular function and tubular injury markers for AKI diagnosis. In addition to refining our capabilities in kidney risk prediction with kidney injury biomarkers, structural disorder phenotypes referred to as “preclinical-” and “subclinical AKI” have been described and are increasingly recognized. Additionally, positive biomarker test findings were found to provide prognostic information regardless of an acute decline in renal function (positive serum creatinine criteria). We summarize and discuss the recent findings focusing on two of the most promising and clinically available kidney injury biomarkers, NGAL and cell cycle arrest markers, in the context of AKI phenotypes. Finally, we draw conclusions regarding the clinical implications for kidney risk prediction.
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Albert Christian,Haase Michael,Albert Annemarie,Ernst Martin,Kropf Siegfried,Bellomo Rinaldo,Westphal Sabine,Braun-Dullaeus Rüdiger C.,Haase-Fielitz Anja,Elitok Saban 대한진단검사의학회 2021 Annals of Laboratory Medicine Vol.41 No.4
Background: Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and hepcidin-25 are involved in catalytic iron-related kidney injury after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. We explored the predictive value of plasma NGAL, plasma hepcidin-25, and the plasma NGAL:hepcidin-25 ratio for major adverse kidney events (MAKE) after cardiac surgery. Methods: We compared the predictive value of plasma NGAL, hepcidin-25, and plasma NGAL:hepcidin-25 with that of serum creatinine (Cr) and urinary output and protein for primary-endpoint MAKE (acute kidney injury [AKI] stages 2 and 3, persistent AKI >48 hours, acute dialysis, and in-hospital mortality) and secondary-endpoint AKI in 100 cardiac surgery patients at intensive care unit (ICU) admission. We performed ROC curve, logistic regression, and reclassification analyses. Results: At ICU admission, plasma NGAL, plasma NGAL:hepcidin-25, plasma interleukin-6, and Cr predicted MAKE (area under the ROC curve [AUC]: 0.77, 0.79, 0.74, and 0.74, respectively) and AKI (0.73, 0.89, 0.70, and 0.69). For AKI prediction, plasma NGAL:hepcidin-25 had a higher discriminatory power than Cr (AUC difference 0.26 [95% CI 0.00–0.53]). Urinary output and protein, plasma lactate, C-reactive protein, creatine kinase myocardial band, and brain natriuretic peptide did not predict MAKE or AKI (AUC <0.70). Only plasma NGAL:hepcidin-25 correctly reclassified patients according to their MAKE and AKI status (category-free net reclassification improvement: 0.82 [95% CI 0.12–1.52], 1.03 [0.29–1.77]). After adjustment to the Cleveland risk score, plasma NGAL:hepcidin-25 ≥0.9 independently predicted MAKE (adjusted odds ratio 16.34 [95% CI 1.77–150.49], P=0.014). Conclusions: Plasma NGAL:hepcidin-25 is a promising marker for predicting postoperative MAKE.
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Albert Annemarie,Radtke Sebastian,Blume Louisa,Bellomo Rinaldo,Haase Michael,Stieger Philipp,Hinkel Ulrich Paul,Braun-Dullaeus Rüdiger C.,Albert Christian 대한진단검사의학회 2023 Annals of Laboratory Medicine Vol.43 No.6
Background: We explored the extent to which neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) cutoff value selection and the acute kidney injury (AKI) classification system determine clinical AKI-phenotype allocation and associated outcomes. Methods: Cutoff values from ROC curves of data from two independent prospective cardiac surgery study cohorts (Magdeburg and Berlin, Germany) were used to predict Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcome (KDIGO)- or Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss of kidney function, End-stage (RIFLE)-defined AKI. Statistical methodologies (maximum Youden index, lowest distance to [0, 1] in ROC space, sensitivity≈specificity) and cutoff values from two NGAL meta-analyses were evaluated. Associated risks of adverse outcomes (acute dialysis initiation and in-hospital mortality) were compared. Results: NGAL cutoff concentrations calculated from ROC curves to predict AKI varied according to the statistical methodology and AKI classification system (10.6–159.1 and 16.85–149.3 ng/mL in the Magdeburg and Berlin cohorts, respectively). Proportions of attributed subclinical AKI ranged 2%–33.0% and 10.1%–33.1% in the Magdeburg and Berlin cohorts, respectively. The difference in calculated risk for adverse outcomes (fraction of odds ratios for AKI-phenotype group differences) varied considerably when changing the cutoff concentration within the RIFLE or KDIGO classification (up to 18.33- and 16.11-times risk difference, respectively) and was even greater when comparing cutoff methodologies between RIFLE and KDIGO classifications (up to 25.7-times risk difference). Conclusions: NGAL positivity adds prognostic information regardless of RIFLE or KDIGO classification or cutoff selection methodology. The risk of adverse events depends on the methodology of cutoff selection and AKI classification system.
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Christian Albert,Michael Haase,Annemarie Albert,Siegfried Kropf,Rinaldo Bellomo,Sabine Westphal,Mark Westerman,Rüdiger Christian Braun-Dullaeus,Anja Haase-Fielitz 대한진단검사의학회 2020 Annals of Laboratory Medicine Vol.40 No.2
Background: The ability of urinary biomarkers to complement established clinical risk prediction models for postoperative adverse kidney events is unclear. We assessed the effect of urinary biomarkers linked to suspected pathogenesis of cardiac surgery-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) on the performance of the Cleveland Score, a risk assessment model for postoperative adverse kidney events. Methods: This pilot study included 100 patients who underwent open-heart surgery. We determined improvements to the Cleveland Score when adding urinary biomarkers measured using clinical laboratory platforms (neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin [NGAL], interleukin-6) and those in the preclinical stage (hepcidin-25, midkine, alpha-1 microglobulin), all sampled immediately post-surgery. The primary endpoint was major adverse kidney events (MAKE), and the secondary endpoint was AKI. We performed ROC curve analysis, assessed baseline model performance (odds ratios [OR], 95% CI), and carried out statistical reclassification analyses to assess model improvement. Results: NGAL (OR [95% CI] per 20 concentration-units wherever applicable): (1.07 [1.01–1.14]), Interleukin-6 (1.51 [1.01–2.26]), midkine (1.01 [1.00–1.02]), 1-hepcidin-25 (1.08 [1.00–1.17]), and NGAL/hepcidin-ratio (2.91 [1.30–6.49]) were independent predictors of MAKE and AKI (1.38 [1.03–1.85], 1.08 [1.01–1.15], 1.01 [1.00–1.02], 1.09 [1.01–1.18], and 3.45 [1.54–7.72]). Category-free net reclassification improvement identified interleukin-6 as a model-improving biomarker for MAKE and NGAL for AKI. However, only NGAL/hepcidin-25 improved model performance for event- and event-free patients for MAKE and AKI. Conclusions: NGAL and interleukin-6 measured immediately post cardiac surgery may complement the Cleveland Score. The com
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Influence of shape and finishing on the corrosion of palladium-based dental alloys
Albert J. Feilzer,Joris Muri Cornelis J. Kleverlaan,Ana Milheiro 대한치과보철학회 2015 The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics Vol.7 No.1
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of the surface treatment and shape of the dental alloy on the composition of the prosthetic work and its metallic ion release in a corrosive medium after casting. MATERIALS AND METHODS Orion Argos (Pd-Ag) and Orion Vesta (Pd-Cu) were used to cast two crowns and two disks. One of each was polished while the other was not. Two as-received alloys were also studied making a total of 5 specimens per alloy type. The specimens were submersed for 7 days in a lactic acid/sodium chloride solution (ISO standard 10271) and evaluated for surface structure characterization using SEM/EDAX. The solutions were quantitatively analysed for the presence of metal ions using ICP-MS and the results were statistically analysed with one-way ANOVA and a Tukey post-hoc test. RESULTS Palladium is released from all specimens studied (range 0.06-7.08 µg·cm-2·week-1), with the Pd-Cu alloy releasing the highest amounts. For both types of alloys, ion release of both disk and crown pairs were statistically different from the as-received alloy except for the Pd-Ag polished crown (P>.05). For both alloy type, disk-shaped pairs and unpolished specimens released the highest amounts of Pd ions (range 0.34-7.08 µg·cm-2·week-1). Interestingly, in solutions submerged with cast alloys trace amounts of unexpected elements were measured. CONCLUSION Shape and surface treatment influence ion release from dental alloys; polishing is a determinant factor. The release rate of cast and polished Pd alloys is between 0.06-0.69 µg·cm-2·week-1, which is close to or exceeding the EU Nickel Directive 94/27/EC compensated for the molecular mass of Pd (0.4 µg·cm-2·week-1). The composition of the alloy does not represent the element release, therefore we recommend manufacturers to report element release after ISO standard corrosion tests beside the original composition.
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Albert S. Lee,황승상,최승석,백경열 한국고분자학회 2015 Macromolecular Research Vol.23 No.1
A ladder-like structured poly(mercaptopropyl)silsesquioxane (LPMPSQ) was synthesized in one-bath,under mildly basic conditions at room temperature. Obtained LPMPSQ was utilized as a macroinitiator for thiol-enegraft photopolymerization of various vinyl monomers to give hard, soft, hydrophobic, and hydrophilic graft copolymerswith low PDI (<1.4). Synthesized hybrid graft copolymers were characterized by 1H NMR, 29Si NMR, FTIR,GPC, TGA, and DSC. Thermal studies with these hybrid graft copolymers revealed that the ladder-structure substantiallyincreased the thermal stabilities in the form of increased glass transition temperatures and higher degradationtemperatures over their organic analogues.
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Albert Surla,Jong Sup Park 한국방재학회 2015 한국방재학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.14 No.-
Recently, as the level of market competition in the structural engineering field continues to rise, structural designers are finding other ways to make their designs stand out. One way of doing that is to make the designs more economical without sacrificing efficiency. As a result, the use of stepped beams and the studies involving it has become more common. Stepped beams are beams that have a sudden increase in cross section along its length. The change in cross section is made by increasing the width and/or the thickness of the flanges along a certain length while maintaining the dimensions of the web. Most of the studies involving lateral torsional buckling of stepped beams are focused on developing equations and studying the effects of symmetry. However, the studies involving actual test experiments are still very limited. Thus, this study has three main objectives. The first objective of this study is to give a brief historical overview on the series of studies involving the lateral torsional buckling capacity of stepped beams and give an idea on its current state of the art. The second objective is to determine if the intuitive expectation that the lowest critical moment always corresponds to uniform bending moment holds true for stepped beams. The degree of symmetry is varied and several loading conditions are observed. The third objective of this study is to determine the actual inelastic lateral torsional buckling capacity of doubly stepped singly symmetric I-beams having compact and non-compact flange sections subjected to two point loading condition and to use the results obtained to determine the applicability of previously proposed equations in predicting the buckling strength of stepped beams. The results are obtained by conducting actual destructive tests on doubly stepped I-beams using a universal testing machine and running simulation tests using the finite element program, ABAQUS. The main factors that are considered for the experimental and finite element analysis are the degree of beam symmetry, the loading condition, the supports, the stepped beam factors and the unsupported length. The degree of symmetry of all the stepped beams analyzed is fixed at 0.7. The unsupported lengths of the beams analyzed are 3 meters and 4 meters. The results obtained from the analysis are compared with the results from design specifications to determine the effects of steps and from proposed design equations to determine the equations’ applicability and safety. Finally, the results revealed that the stepped beams did have an increase in lateral torsional buckling capacity in comparison with the prismatic beams and that the proposed equations are suitable to be used in predicting the strength of stepped beams having compact flanges under the observed loading condition. However, for beams having non-compact flanges, the previously proposed equations produced over conservative results. Further study can also be made on stepped beams with varying degree of symmetries, loading conditions, boundary conditions and stepped beam parameters.
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Scalable DNA-Based Information Storage
Albert KEUNG 한국생물공학회 2021 한국생물공학회 학술대회 Vol.2021 No.10
DNA holds significant promise as a data storage medium due to its density, longevity, and resource and energy sustainability. These advantages arise from the inherent biomolecular structure of DNA as well as, perhaps unintuitively, the spatially disordered nature of DNA mixtures. For example, disordered pools of DNA strands confer extreme density, while arraying DNA strands on fixed substrates or within microwells would abrogate almost all of this density advantage. Furthermore, even just terabyte-sized databases would require mixtures of billions of distinct DNA strands, much larger than the sequence diversity of the human genome; thus, the unique molecular and disordered nature of DNA storage presents clear challenges arising simply from the fact that many diverse strands of DNA will be in crowded proximity with severe thermodynamically-driven limitations on file access specificity and accuracy. This prompts important discussions on how data should be organized, accessed, and manipulated. Here we argue that the novel architecture of DNA storage may actually confer novel functionalities beyond what is possible with conventional storage media, and that inspiration from natural biological processes and biochemistry can be leveraged to engineer novel and scalable functionalities into DNA databases. We will describe three examples of this approach. We will show how hierarchical file systems can be engineered to expand the number of possible unique DNA file addresses by five orders of magnitude and that individual KB sized files can be specifically accessed from large TB sized background databases. Next, we took inspiration from the processes of gene expression and strand displacements to engineer a dynamic and reusable DNA storage system that can rename, lock, and delete files while also improving encoding efficiency and information density over current random access methods. Finally, we describe how thermodynamics can be leveraged to tune biomolecular interactions and implement functions such as File Preview.
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