TWO COMPREHENSIVE ISLAMIC RELIGIOUS AND CIVIL CALENDARS FOR ACCURATE CHRONOLOGY OF ISLAM

Fatoohi, Louay J.,al-Dargazelli, Shetha,al-Hussein,al-Casnaz, Shaykh Muhammad,Hussein, Jamal N.,An-Ni'aymi, Hamid M. 한국외국어대학교 중동연구소 1994 중동연구 Vol.13 No.-

Features of the Hijrah calendar and its historical background are described. The Hijrah calendar is the same calendar that the Arab inhabitants of the Arabian peninsula were using before Islam, with the minor difference of counting dates from the year of the Hijrah (emigration) of the Prophet. The Hijrah calendar neglects the pre-Hijrah era and thus does not cover the whole history of Islam. Due to this fact and the absence of a suitable calendar that covers all the Islamic history, this history in general, and the pre-Hijrah era in particular, remained unsatisfactorily dated in terms of its accuracy and consistency. The Islamic view to the calendar is investigated and it is shown that Islam imposes use of tile lunar calendar for religious purposes and endorses use of the solar calendar for other societal needs. A lunar calendar called Qamar * Muhammad * was recently introduced as a new Islamic religious calendar (al-Casnaz * * et al 1992, 1993 & 1994). A new calendar called Shams * Muhammad * is introduced as an Islamic civil calendar. These two calendars date from the birth of the Prophet Muhammad and thus cover all the Islamic history, Simple formulae for conversion between the Western and Hijrah calendars and these calendars are given. It is anticipated that use of the new calendars would enable accurate dating of the Islamic history in general, and its early eras in particular.

Poster Session : PS 0415 ; Infectious Disease ; QuantiRERON-TB Gold In-Tube in the Prevalence of Latent Tuberculosis Infection among Healthy Saudi Population

( Jamal Al Wakeel ),( Ziyad Makoshi ),( Mohammed Al Ghonaim ),( Ali Al Harbi ),( Abdulkareem Al Suwaida ),( Farjah Algahtani ),( Mogbil Al Hedaithy ),( Sultan Almogairin ),( Sami Habiballa Abdullah ) 대한내과학회 2014 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2014 No.1

Background: Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection is the result of large number of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Saudi Arabia has an incidence rate ranged between8.6 and 12.2/100,000. QuantiFERON-TB Gold in-tube is approved to detect latent tuberculosis infection and TB disease. We conduct this study to estimate the prevalence of latent Tuberculosis in healthy population in Saudi Arabia and detect the sensitivity, specifi city and positive and negative predictive values for QuantiFERON-TB Gold in-tube. Methods: A cross-sectional study of blood sampling for QuantiFERON-TB Gold intube testing took from healthy blood donor were recruited from blood bank at King Saud University (KSU) and volunteers from Riyadh region, with further contact and follow up for positive results for two years for activation of latent tuberculosis. The study supported by King Saud University and King Abdul-Aziz City for Science and Technology. Project number ARP-245-29. Results: The study consists of 563 participants, their mean age was 34.2±13.17 year, 292 (51.9 %) male and mean BMI was 27.5 ±5.53 kg/m2. 363 (65.6%) had a BCG scar, the contact to the TB patients represented by 33 (5.9%) and 7 (1.2%) had a previous TB infection. Positive result for QFT-GIT was found in 72 (12.8%) participants, 48 (69.6%) of them had a BCG scar, only 2 (2.8%) and 4 (5.6%) had history of previous TB and contact of TB patients, respectively. Our study showed sensitivity of 90.62% (75-98%) and specificity of 91.53% (89-94%) with a positive predictive value of 39.19% (28-51%) and negative predictive value of 99.39% (98-99.9%) Conclusions: In face of reduction of the limits of other technique, QFT-GIT is not a signifi cant in diagnosis of latent TB. However, it is signifi cant in ruling out the presence of disease.

Silencing of Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling-3 due to Methylation Results in Phosphorylation of STAT3 in Imatinib Resistant BCR-ABL Positive Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Cells

Al-Jamal, Hamid AN,Jusoh, Siti Asmaa Mat,Yong, Ang Cheng,Asan, Jamaruddin Mat,Hassan, Rosline,Johan, Muhammad Farid Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.11

Background: Silencing due to methylation of suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 (SOCS-3), a negative regulator gene for the JAK/STAT signaling pathway has been reported to play important roles in leukemogenesis. Imatinib mesylate is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor that specifically targets the BCR-ABL protein and induces hematological remission in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Unfortunately, the majority of CML patients treated with imatinib develop resistance under prolonged therapy. We here investigated the methylation profile of SOCS-3 gene and its downstream effects in a BCR-ABL positive CML cells resistant to imatinib. Materials and Methods: BCR-ABL positive CML cells resistant to imatinib (K562-R) were developed by overexposure of K562 cell lines to the drug. Cytotoxicity was determined by MTS assays and $IC_{50}$ values calculated. Apoptosis assays were performed using annexin V-FITC binding assays and analyzed by flow cytometry. Methylation profiles were investigated using methylation specific PCR and sequencing analysis of SOCS-1 and SOCS-3 genes. Gene expression was assessed by quantitative real-time PCR, and protein expression and phosphorylation of STAT1, 2 and 3 were examined by Western blotting. Results: The $IC_{50}$ for imatinib on K562 was 362nM compared to 3,952nM for K562-R (p=0.001). Percentage of apoptotic cells in K562 increased upto 50% by increasing the concentration of imatinib, in contrast to only 20% in K562-R (p<0.001). A change from non-methylation of the SOCS-3 gene in K562 to complete methylation in K562-R was observed. Gene expression revealed down-regulation of both SOCS-1 and SOCS-3 genes in resistant cells. STAT3 was phosphorylated in K562-R but not K562. Conclusions: Development of cells resistant to imatinib is feasible by overexposure of the drug to the cells. Activation of STAT3 protein leads to uncontrolled cell proliferation in imatinib resistant BCR-ABL due to DNA methylation of the SOCS-3 gene. Thus SOCS-3 provides a suitable candidate for mechanisms underlying the development of imatinib resistant in CML patients.

Finding the Julian Dates of the Islamic Events Before Hijra Using Computer

Al-Dargazelli, Shaikh Muhammad Al-Husseini Jamal N. Hussein Shetha,Fatoohi, Hamid M. An-Ni'aymi Louay J. 한국외국어대학교 중동연구소 1992 중동연구 Vol.11 No.-

A new lunar calendar, called the Muhammadan calendar, starting with the year and month of birth of the Prophet Muhammad was introduced to cover all the history of Islam which began with the birth of the Prophet Muhammad. A lunar historical sequence of the most important Islamic events during the life of Prophet Muhammad was obtained by finding the dates of these events according to the Muhammadan calendar. After a profound study for the historical sources, the birth year of the Prophet Muhammad was considered to be 570 A.D. A computer program for determining the time and exact Julian date of the birth of new moons was used in addition to a manual method to determine the beginning of every Muhammadan month under consideration. The Mutammadan dates were converted into Julian dates. The exact Julian dates of the Islamic events before Hijra (migration) were found for the first time, as well as, the most accurate Julian dates of the Islamic events after Hijra. The results revealed that the most important Islamic events had occurred on Fridays, explaining why Friday is considered by Islam to be a sacred day.

Training Tools for Translators and Interpreters

( Jamal Al Qinai ) 범태평양응용언어학회 2010 범태평양응용언어학회지 Vol.14 No.2

The present paper reviews the traditional methodologies of translator training and proposes an eclectic multi-componential approach that involves a set of interdisciplinary skills with the ultimate objective of meeting market demand. Courses on translation for specific purposes (TSP) and think-aloud protocols (TAP) along with self-monitoring and self-evaluation mechanisms go in parallel with group projects to provide trainee translators with a fair knowledge of the tactics of target text production, teamwork cooperation and labour division. Simulated conference interpreting prepares trainees to research terminology and background information and refers to documentation from previous conferences with an emphasis on memory, attention, and automaticity. Peer review and revision enable not only the teacher to give positive feedback in the classroom but also the students to find out why the interpretation went wrong by evaluating their colleagues or themselves. Finally, it is important to enhance TT delivery skills as the key to successful interpretation in the interpretation market. The ability to render the target text verbally or in writing is as important as the ability to understand the source message.

Style Shift in Translation

( Jamal Al Qinai ) 범태평양응용언어학회 2009 범태평양응용언어학회지 Vol.13 No.2

The phenomenon of style shift in translated texts is ascribed mainly to textual incompatibility in terms of rhetorical asymmetry and divergence at the formality level. Mandatory shifts result from a systematic dissimilarity between the source language and the target language in terms of the underlying system of syntax, semantics and rhetorical patterns. At the textual level, shifts become more frequent in terms of cohesive relations which are manifest in endophoric references, substitution, ellipsis, conjunctions and punctuation. On the other hand, optional shifts are carried out by the translator``s personal preferences under the influence of idiolect and level of proficiency in the target language. It is argued that diglossic divergence leads to an increase in the level of formality in translating and subtitling casual dialogues and conversations from English into Arabic. To demonstrate this, samples are taken from a corpus of translated texts to show how various stylistic patterns operate across cultures.

Enhancing value of quality assurance rounds in improving radiotherapy management: a retrospective analysis from King Hussein Cancer Center in Jordan

Khader, Jamal K.,Al-Mousa, Abdelatif M.,Mohamad, Issa A.,Abuhijlih, Ramiz A.,Al-Khatib, Sondos A.,Alnsour, Anoud Z.,Asha, Wafa A.,Ramahi, Shada W.,Hosni, Ali A.,Abuhijla, Fawzi J. The Korean Society for Radiation Oncology 2019 Radiation Oncology Journal Vol.37 No.1

Purpose: The quality assurance (QA) chart rounds are multidisciplinary meetings to review radiation therapy (RT) treatment plans. This study focus on describing the changes in RT management based on QA round reviews in a single institution. Materials and Methods: After 9 full years of implementation, a retrospective review of all patients whose charts passed through departmental QA chart rounds from 2007 to 2015. The reviewed cases were presented for RT plan review; subcategorized based on decision in QA rounds into: approved, minor modifications or major modifications. Major modification defined as any substantial change which required patient re-simulation or re-planning prior to commencement of RT. Minor modification included treatment plan changes which didn't necessarily require RT re-planning. Results: Overall 7,149 RT treatment plans for different anatomical sites were reviewed at QA rounds. From these treatment plans, 6,654 (93%) were approved, 144 (2%) required minor modifications, while 351 (5%) required major modifications. Major modification included changes in: selected RT dose (96/351, 27%), target volume definition (127/351, 36%), organs-at-risk contouring (10/351, 3%), dose volume objectives/constraints criteria (90/351, 26%), and intent of treatment (28/351, 8%). The RT plans which required major modification according to the tumor subtype were as follows: head and neck (104/904, 12%), thoracic (12/199, 6%), gastrointestinal (33/687,5%), skin (5/106, 5%), genitourinary (16/359, 4%), breast (104/2387, 4%), central nervous system (36/846, 4%), sarcoma (11/277, 4%), pediatric (7/251, 3%), lymphoma (10/423, 2%), gynecological tumors (2/359, 1%), and others (11/351, 3%). Conclusion: Multi-disciplinary standardized QA chart rounds provide a comprehensive and an influential method on RT plans and/or treatment decisions.

A New Approach Toward Accurate Chronology of The Early Islamic History

( Shaykh Muhammad ),( Al Casnazani ),( Al Husseini ),( Jamal N. Hussein ),( Shetha Al Dargazelli ),( Hamid M. An Ni`aymi ),( Louay J. Fatoohi ) 한국외국어대학교 중동연구소 1993 중동연구 Vol.12 No.-

Finding the Julian Dates of the Islamic Events Before Hijra Using Computer

( Shaikh Muhammad ),( Al Casnazani ),( Al Husseini ),( Jamal N. Hussein ),( Shetha Al Dargazelli ),( Hamid M. An Ni`aymi ),( Louay J. Fatoohi ) 한국외국어대학교 중동연구소 1992 중동연구 Vol.11 No.-

Experimental and numerical investigation of reinforced concrete beams containing vertical openings

Jafarali Parol,Ammar Ben-Nakhi,Shaikha Al-Sanad,Jamal Al-Qazweeni,Hamad J. Al-Duaij,Hasan Kamal 국제구조공학회 2019 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.72 No.3

Horizontal openings in reinforced concrete (RC) beams are quite often used to accommodate service pipelines. Several research papers are available in the literature describing their effect. RC beams with vertical openings are commonly used to accommodate service lines in residential buildings in Kuwait. However, there are lack of design guidelines and best practices reported in the literature for RC beams with vertical openings, whereas the detailed guidelines are available for beams with horizontal openings. In the present paper, laboratory experiments are conducted on nine RC beams with and without vertical openings. Parametric study has been carried out using nonlinear finite element analysis (FEA) with changes in the diameter of the opening, various positions of the opening along the length and width of the beam, edge distance, etc. 50 finite element simulations were conducted. The FEA results are verified using the results from the laboratory experiments. The study showed that the load carrying capacity of the beam is reduced by 20% for the RC beam with vertical openings placed near the center of the beam compared to a solid beam without an opening. Significant reduction in load carrying capacity is observed for beams with an opening near the support (≈15%). The overall stiffness of the beam, crack pattern and failure modes were not affected due to the presence of the vertical opening. Furthermore, an artificial neural network (ANN) analysis is carried out using the FEA generated data. The results and observations from the ANN and FEA are in good agreement with experimental results.