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Norton, James J. S.,Lee, Dong Sup,Lee, Jung Woo,Lee, Woosik,Kwon, Ohjin,Won, Phillip,Jung, Sung-Young,Cheng, Huanyu,Jeong, Jae-Woong,Akce, Abdullah,Umunna, Stephen,Na, Ilyoun,Kwon, Yong Ho,Wang, Xiao- National Academy of Sciences 2015 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF Vol.112 No.13
<P><B>Significance</B></P><P>Conventional electroencephalogram (EEG) recording systems, particularly the hardware components that form the physical interfaces to the head, have inherent drawbacks that limit the widespread use of continuous EEG measurements for medical diagnostics, sleep monitoring, and cognitive control. Here we introduce soft electronic constructs designed to intimately conform to the complex surface topology of the auricle and the mastoid, to provide long-term, high-fidelity recording of EEG data. Systematic studies reveal key aspects of the extreme levels of bending and stretching that are involved in mounting on these surfaces. Examples in persistent brain–computer interfaces, including text spellers with steady-state visually evoked potentials and event-related potentials, with viable operation over periods of weeks demonstrate important advances over alternative brain–computer interface technologies.</P><P>Recent advances in electrodes for noninvasive recording of electroencephalograms expand opportunities collecting such data for diagnosis of neurological disorders and brain–computer interfaces. Existing technologies, however, cannot be used effectively in continuous, uninterrupted modes for more than a few days due to irritation and irreversible degradation in the electrical and mechanical properties of the skin interface. Here we introduce a soft, foldable collection of electrodes in open, fractal mesh geometries that can mount directly and chronically on the complex surface topology of the auricle and the mastoid, to provide high-fidelity and long-term capture of electroencephalograms in ways that avoid any significant thermal, electrical, or mechanical loading of the skin. Experimental and computational studies establish the fundamental aspects of the bending and stretching mechanics that enable this type of intimate integration on the highly irregular and textured surfaces of the auricle. Cell level tests and thermal imaging studies establish the biocompatibility and wearability of such systems, with examples of high-quality measurements over periods of 2 wk with devices that remain mounted throughout daily activities including vigorous exercise, swimming, sleeping, and bathing. Demonstrations include a text speller with a steady-state visually evoked potential-based brain–computer interface and elicitation of an event-related potential (P300 wave).</P>
Bıçakcı A. Salih,Evren Ayhan Gücüyener 한국원자력학회 2022 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.54 No.7
Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs) are the most protected facilities among all critical infrastructures (CIs). In addition to physical security, cyber security becomes a significant concern for NPPs since swift digitalization and overreliance on computer-based systems in the facility operations transformed NPPs into targets for cyber/physical attacks. Despite technical competencies, humans are still the central component of a resilient NPP to develop an effective nuclear security culture. Turkey is one of the newcomers in the nuclear energy industry, and Turkish Akkuyu NPP has a unique model owned by an international consortium. Since Turkey has limited experience in nuclear energy industry, specific multinational and multicultural characteristics of Turkish Akkuyu NPP also requires further research in terms of the Facility's prospective nuclear security. Yet, the link between “national cultures” and “nuclear security” is underestimated in nuclear security studies. By relying on Hofstede's national culture framework, our research aims to address this gap and explore possible implications of cross-national cultural differences on nuclear security. To cope with security challenges in the age of hybrid threats, we propose a security management model which addresses the need for cyber-physical security integration to cultivate a robust nuclear security culture in a multicultural working environment