Evaluation of General and Specific Combining Ability in Newly Synthesized Inbred Lines of Bivoltine Silkworm Bombyx mori L.

( Ajay Kumar Goel ),( Chandrashekharaiah ),( Y. Uma Maheshwar Rao ) 한국잠사학회 2010 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.20 No.2

Eight bivoltine inbred lines of silkworm Bombyx mori L. viz., AP8, AP10, AP17 and AP18 with marked female and plain male larvae and AP1, AP54, AP71 and AP72 with all plain larvae synthesized from Chinese commercial hybrids were evaluated for their general combining ability (gca), specific combining ability (sca) and reciprocal effects for eight quantitative traits. The line AP18 was found to be best general combiner by virtue of significant positive and positive gca effects for seven out of eight traits studied followed by the lines AP10, AP8 and AP17. Seven hybrids recorded significant positive and positive sca effects for all the traits under study reflecting the interaction of alleles, additive and non additive gene action and dominant effects expressed by genes. Among the 28 reciprocal hybrids, AP54×AP18 and AP1×AP17 revealed significant reciprocal effects for the six traits followed by AP54 ×AP8 for five and AP10×AP71 for four traits.

Evaluation of General and Specific Combining Ability in Newly Synthesized Inbred Lines of Bivoltine Silkworm Bombyx mori L.

Goel, Ajay Kumar,Chandrashekharaiah, Chandrashekharaiah,Rao, Y. Uma Maheshwar Korean Society of Sericultural Science 2010 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.20 No.2

Eight bivoltine inbred lines of silkworm Bombyx mori L. viz., AP8, AP10, AP17 and AP18 with marked female and plain male larvae and AP1, AP54, AP71 and AP72 with all plain larvae synthesized from Chinese commercial hybrids were evaluated for their general combining ability (gca), specific combining ability (sca) and reciprocal effects for eight quantitative traits. The line AP18 was found to be best general combiner by virtue of significant positive and positive gca effects for seven out of eight traits studied followed by the lines AP10, AP8 and AP17. Seven hybrids recorded significant positive and positive sca effects for all the traits under study reflecting the interaction of alleles, additive and non additive gene action and dominant effects expressed by genes. Among the 28 reciprocal hybrids, AP54$\times$AP18 and AP1$\times$AP17 revealed significant reciprocal effects for the six traits followed by AP54$\times$AP8 for five and AP10$\times$AP71 for four traits.

Molecular Characterization Reveals Involvement of Altered El Tor Biotype Vibrio cholerae O1 Strains in Cholera Outbreak at Hyderabad, India

Ajay Kumar Goel,Meenu Jain,Pramod Kumar,Pennagaram Sarguna,Meera Bai,Neha Ghosh,Natrajan Gopalan 한국미생물학회 2011 The journal of microbiology Vol.49 No.2

Thirty-four Vibrio cholerae isolates collected from a cholera outbreak in Hyderabad, South India were found to belong to serogroup O1 biotype El Tor serotype Ogawa. The genotype of all the isolates was confirmed by PCR assays. All the isolates were found PCR positive for ctxAB, ompW, rfbO1, rtxC, and tcpA genes. All the isolates but one harboured rstR^(El Tor) allele. However, one isolate carried both rstR^(El Tor) as well as rstR^(Classical) alleles. Cholera toxin (ctxB) genotyping of the isolates confirmed the presence of altered cholera toxin B of classical biotype in all the isolates. All the isolates except VCH35 harboured an RS1-CTX prophage array on the large chromosome. The isolate VCH35 contained a tandem repeat of classical CTX prophage on the small chromosome. The clonal relationship among the V. cholerae isolates as carried out by enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus sequences PCR, BOX PCR and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA, uniformly showed a genetic relationship among the outbreak isolates. The results of this study suggest that altered El Tor biotype V. cholerae with the classical cholera toxin gene are involved in cholera outbreaks in India.

Promoter Methylation in the Genesis of Gastrointestinal Cancer

Clement Richard Boland,신성관,Ajay Goel 연세대학교의과대학 2009 Yonsei medical journal Vol.50 No.3

Colorectal cancers (CRC)-and probably all cancers-are caused by alterations in genes. This includes activation of oncogenes and inactivation of tumor suppressor genes (TSGs). There are many ways to achieve these alterations. Oncogenes are frequently activated by point mutation, gene amplification, or changes in the promoter (typically caused by chromosomal rearrangements). TSGs are typically inactivated by mutation, deletion, or promoter methylation, which silences gene expression. About 15% of CRC is associated with loss of the DNA mismatch repair system, and the resulting CRCs have a unique phenotype that is called microsatellite instability, or MSI. This paper reviews the types of genetic alterations that can be found in CRCs and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and focuses upon the epigenetic alterations that result in promoter methylation and the CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP). The challenge facing CRC research and clinical care at this time is to deal with the heterogeneity and complexity of these genetic and epigenetic alterations, and to use this information to direct rational prevention and treatment strategies. Colorectal cancers (CRC)-and probably all cancers-are caused by alterations in genes. This includes activation of oncogenes and inactivation of tumor suppressor genes (TSGs). There are many ways to achieve these alterations. Oncogenes are frequently activated by point mutation, gene amplification, or changes in the promoter (typically caused by chromosomal rearrangements). TSGs are typically inactivated by mutation, deletion, or promoter methylation, which silences gene expression. About 15% of CRC is associated with loss of the DNA mismatch repair system, and the resulting CRCs have a unique phenotype that is called microsatellite instability, or MSI. This paper reviews the types of genetic alterations that can be found in CRCs and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and focuses upon the epigenetic alterations that result in promoter methylation and the CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP). The challenge facing CRC research and clinical care at this time is to deal with the heterogeneity and complexity of these genetic and epigenetic alterations, and to use this information to direct rational prevention and treatment strategies.

Identification of Potential Crossbreeds of Mulberry Silkworm, Bombyx mori L. and Their Performance Under Tropical Stress

Seshagiri, SureVenkata,Naik, S. Sankar,Goel, Ajay Kumar,Raju, P.J. Korean Society of Sericultural Science 2011 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.22 No.2

The performance of five newly evolved cross breeds were evaluated across seasons to understand the genotype and environment interactions and their stability under fluctuating tropical environmental conditions along with control hybrids $PM{\times}CSR2$ and $APM1{\times}APS8$. The data was collected on eight economic traits namely fecundity, yield per 10,000 larvae by number, yield per 10,000 larvae by weight, survival rate, cocoon weight, cocoon shell weight, cocoon shell ratio and filament length. The data was subjected for Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and relevant statistical methods. The performance data obtained was further subjected for multiple trait evaluation index method. The ranks were adjudicated based on the index values. The two hybrids viz., $MSO3{\times}APS45$ and $MSO1{\times}APS12$ performed well under diversified environmental conditions indicating their overall stability and superiority. These hybrids revealed highly significant (p < 0.01) improvement for the majority of the traits over the control hybrids.

Identification of Potential Crossbreeds of Mulberry Silkworm, Bombyx mori L. and Their Performance Under Tropical Stress

( Surevenkata Seshagiri ),( S. Sankar Naik ),( Ajay Kumar Goel ),( P. J. Raju ) 한국잠사학회 2011 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.22 No.2

The performance of five newly evolved cross breeds were evaluated across seasons to understand the genotype and environment interactions and their stability under fluctuating tropical environmental conditions along with control hybrids PM×CSR2 and APM1×APS8. The data was collected on eight economic traits namely fecundity, yield per 10,000 larvae by number, yield per 10,000 larvae by weight, survival rate, cocoon weight, cocoon shell weight, cocoon shell ratio and filament length. The data was subjected for Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and relevant statistical methods. The performance data obtained was further subjected for multiple trait evaluation index method. The ranks were adjudicated based on the index values. The two hybrids viz., MSO3×APS45 and MSO1×APS12 performed well under diversified environmental conditions indicating their overall stability and superiority. These hybrids revealed highly significant (p < 0.01) improvement for the majority of the traits over the control hybrids.

Quick Sequential (Sepsis Related) Organ Failure Assessment: A high performance rapid prognostication tool in patients having acute pyelonephritis with upper urinary tract calculi

Siddharth Pandey,Satyanarayan Sankhwar,Apul Goel,Manoj Kumar,Ajay Aggarwal,Deepanshu Sharma,Samarth Agarwal,Tushar Pandey 대한비뇨의학회 2019 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.60 No.2

Purpose: To analyze the utility of quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) in patients with uro-sepsis due to acute pyelonephritis (APN) with upper urinary tract calculi, we conducted this study. The role of qSOFA as a tool for rapid prognostication in patients with sepsis is emerging. But there has been a great debate on its utility. Literature regarding utility of qSOFA in uro-sepsis is scarce. Materials and Methods: Ours was a retrospective study including 162 consecutive patients who were admitted for APN with upper urinary tract calculi over a 3 and half years (total 42 months) period. We evaluated the accuracy of qSOFA in predicting inhospital mortality and intensive care unit (ICU) admissions and compared this with the predictive accuracy of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). We used the Area Under Curve (AUC) of the Receiver Operator Characteristic curve to calculate it and also calculated the optimum cut off for qSOFA score. Results: The overall mortality and ICU admission rates were 7.4% and 12.9%, respectively. qSOFA had a higher predictive accuracy for in-hospital mortality (AUC, 0.981; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.962–1.000) and ICU admissions (AUC, 0.977; 95% CI, 0.955–0.999) than SIRS. A qSOFA score of ≥2 was an optimum cut off for predicting prognosis. In a multivariate model qSOFA ≥2 was a highly significant predictor of in-hospital mortality and ICU admissions (p<0.001). Conclusions: qSOFA is a reliable and rapid bedside tool in patients with sepsis with accuracy more than SIRS in predicting inhospital mortality and ICU admissions.

Circulating microRNA-203 predicts prognosis and metastasis in human colorectal cancer

Hur, Keun,Toiyama, Yuji,Okugawa, Yoshinaga,Ide, Shozo,Imaoka, Hiroki,Boland, C Richard,Goel, Ajay BMJ Publishing Group Ltd 2017 Gut Vol.66 No.4

<P>Conclusions High levels of serum miR-203 associate with poor survival and metastasis, suggesting it to be a promising non-invasive prognostic and metastasis-predictive biomarker in patients with CRC.</P>

The Ser/Thr protein kinase PrkC imprints phenotypic memory in <i>Bacillus anthracis</i> spores by phosphorylating the glycolytic enzyme enolase

Virmani, Richa,Sajid, Andaleeb,Singhal, Anshika,Gaur, Mohita,Joshi, Jayadev,Bothra, Ankur,Garg, Richa,Misra, Richa,Singh, Vijay Pal,Molle, Virginie,Goel, Ajay K.,Singh, Archana,Kalia, Vipin C.,Lee, Ju American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Bi 2019 The Journal of biological chemistry Vol.294 No.22

<P><I>Bacillus anthracis</I> is the causative agent of anthrax in humans, bovine, and other animals. <I>B. anthracis</I> pathogenesis requires differentiation of dormant spores into vegetative cells. The spores inherit cellular components as phenotypic memory from the parent cell, and this memory plays a critical role in facilitating the spores' revival. Because metabolism initiates at the beginning of spore germination, here we metabolically reprogrammed <I>B. anthracis</I> cells to understand the role of glycolytic enzymes in this process. We show that increased expression of enolase (Eno) in the sporulating mother cell decreases germination efficiency. Eno is phosphorylated by the conserved Ser/Thr protein kinase PrkC which decreases the catalytic activity of Eno. We found that phosphorylation also regulates Eno expression and localization, thereby controlling the overall spore germination process. Using MS analysis, we identified the sites of phosphorylation in Eno, and substitution(s) of selected phosphorylation sites helped establish the functional correlation between phosphorylation and Eno activity. We propose that PrkC-mediated regulation of Eno may help sporulating <I>B. anthracis</I> cells in adapting to nutrient deprivation. In summary, to the best of our knowledge, our study provides the first evidence that in sporulating <I>B. anthracis</I>, PrkC imprints phenotypic memory that facilitates the germination process.</P>